Practical Recommendations for Gradient-Based Training of Deep Architectures
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3 超参数
1)神经网络超参数
近似优化超参数:初始学习率,学习率策略超参数,mini-batch尺寸,训练迭代次数,动量
2)模型及训练准则超参数
a. 隐含层节点数目
b. 权值衰减归一化系数
为防止过度拟合,为训练准则增加权重衰减项,L2归一化为训练准则增加
L2对比较大的值惩罚比较大,对应高斯先验,L1将没有太大用的参数变成0,即变稀疏,对应Laplace密度先验。
c. Sparsity of activation regularization coefficient α
d. 非线性神经元
神经元输出是
e. 权值初始化系数
为打破同层隐含节点之间的对称性,权值初始化比较重要。要将参数进行随机初始化,而不是全部置为 0。如果所有参数都用相同的值作为初始值,那么所有隐藏层单元最终会得到与输入值有关的、相同的函数。具有多个输入的节点权值相对较小。
f.预处理
1)像素级处理:求均值和偏差
2)PCA降维
3)归一化
0 0
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