Linux磁盘分区（一）：添加

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Linux硬盘分区（一）：添加
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过程简述

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--添加磁盘# fdisk -l                --查看磁盘情况# fdisk /dev/sdb          --为/dev/sdb设备分区n                         --添加分区p/e  --主分区/逻辑分区w  --保存退出# mkdir /data  --创建挂载目录# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb      --格式化磁盘为ext3文件系统# fdisk -l                --再次查看磁盘情况# mount /dev/sdb /data    --挂载磁盘到创建的挂载目录下# vi /etc/fstab           --修改启动自动挂载项/dev/sdb    /data      ext3    defaults     0 0

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说明
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1、以上操作为精炼总结，若如可以看懂，下面内容无需浏览；
2、以下简单列举两例，细化操作过程。

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举例1：添加1块90G磁盘，将其分为1个分区

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查看磁盘情况
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[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1          64      514048+  83  Linux/dev/sda2              65         586     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3             587       15665   121122067+  83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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磁盘分区
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[root@hyldb /]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 11748.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): m     --输入m查看帮助：指令提示Command action   a   toggle a bootable flag   b   edit bsd disklabel   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag   d   delete a partition   l   list known partition types   m   print this menu   n   add a new partition   o   create a new empty DOS partition table   p   print the partition table   q   quit without saving changes   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel   t   change a partition's system id   u   change display/entry units   v   verify the partition table   w   write table to disk and exit   x   extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): n--添加新分区Command action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)p--输入p添加主分区Partition number (1-4): 1--填写分区号First cylinder (1-11748, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-11748, default 11748): Using default value 11748Command (m for help): p--打印分区列表Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1       11748    94365778+  83  LinuxCommand (m for help): w--保存退出The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

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创建挂载目录
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[root@hyldb /]# mkdir /data

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格式化磁盘
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[root@hyldb /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb--格式化sdb1，格式成ext3格式文件系统mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!Proceed anyway? (y,n) yFilesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)11796480 inodes, 23592960 blocks1179648 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296720 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group16384 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,         4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1          64      514048+  83  Linux/dev/sda2              65         586     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3             587       15665   121122067+  83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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挂载磁盘到指定路径下
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[root@hyldb /]# mount /dev/sdb /data[root@hyldb /]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3             112G  4.3G  102G   5% //dev/sda1             487M   17M  445M   4% /boottmpfs                1006M     0 1006M   0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb               89G  184M   84G   1% /data

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修改启动磁盘自动挂载
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[root@xckydb ~]# vi /etc/fstabLABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0/dev/sdb                /data                   ext3    defaults        0 0~~"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written--格式说明/dev/sdb1       /u01          ext3       defaults           0              0要挂载的对象    挂载的目录    系统类型   文件系统访问权限   开机后是否检测 出问题后是否转储

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举例2：

1、添加1块10G磁盘；
2、将其分为六个分区；
3、三个主分区分别为2G；
4、剩余空间分为扩展分区，具体分为两个逻辑分区分别为1G，剩余空间单独分为一个逻辑分区。
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查看磁盘情况
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[root@hyl ~]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda1             9.7G  5.4G  3.9G  59% //dev/sda3              35G   17G   17G  50% /hometmpfs                1006M     0 1006M   0% /dev/shm[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1        1305    10482381   83  Linux/dev/sda2            1306        1827     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3            1828        6527    37752750   83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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为/dev/sdb设备分区
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[root@hyl ~]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): mCommand action   a   toggle a bootable flag   b   edit bsd disklabel   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag   d   delete a partition   l   list known partition types   m   print this menu   n   add a new partition   o   create a new empty DOS partition table   p   print the partition table   q   quit without saving changes   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel   t   change a partition's system id   u   change display/entry units   v   verify the partition table   w   write table to disk and exit   x   extra functionality (experts only)

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创建第一个主分区：大小2G
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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创建第二个主分区：大小2G
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048MCommand (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (251-1305, default 251): Using default value 251Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (251-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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创建第三个主分区：大小2G
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 3First cylinder (501-1305, default 501): Using default value 501Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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先打印分区列表看一下
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Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1         250     2008093+  83  Linux/dev/sdb2             251         500     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb3             501         750     2008125   83  Linux

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创建扩展分区
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)eSelected partition 4First cylinder (751-1305, default 751): Using default value 751Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305

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创建第一个逻辑分区：大小1G
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Command (m for help): nFirst cylinder (751-1305, default 751): Using default value 751Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): +1024M

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创建第二个逻辑分区：大小1G
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Command (m for help): nFirst cylinder (876-1305, default 876): Using default value 876Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (876-1305, default 1305): +1024M

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剩余容量创建最后一个逻辑分区
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Command (m for help): nFirst cylinder (1001-1305, default 1001): Using default value 1001Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305

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打印分区列表
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Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1         250     2008093+  83  Linux/dev/sdb2             251         500     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb3             501         750     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb4             751        1305     4458037+   5  Extended/dev/sdb5             751         875     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb6             876        1000     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb7            1001        1305     2449881   83  Linux

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保存退出
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Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

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查看磁盘划分
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[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1        1305    10482381   83  Linux/dev/sda2            1306        1827     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3            1828        6527    37752750   83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1         250     2008093+  83  Linux/dev/sdb2             251         500     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb3             501         750     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb4             751        1305     4458037+   5  Extended/dev/sdb5             751         875     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb6             876        1000     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb7            1001        1305     2449881   83  Linux--由此可以看出，sdb1、sdb2、sdb3为主分区，sdb5、sdb6、sdb7为逻辑分区

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举例：将sdb1格式化为ext3文件系统
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[root@hyl ~]# cd /[root@hyl /]# mkdir data1[root@hyl /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)251392 inodes, 502023 blocks25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=51589939216 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group15712 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (8192 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

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举例：为sdb1设置开机自动挂载 

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[root@hyl /]# vi /etc/fstab--设置开机自动挂载LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0/dev/sdb1               /data1                  ext3    defaults        0 0~~~"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written[root@hyl /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1[root@hyl /]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda1             9.7G  5.4G  3.9G  59% //dev/sda3              35G   17G   17G  50% /hometmpfs                1006M     0 1006M   0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb1             1.9G   35M  1.8G   2% /data1 

***********************************************声明************************************************

原创作品，出自 “深蓝的blog” 博客，欢迎转载，转载时请务必注明出处（http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong）。

表述有错误之处，请您留言或邮件（[e-mail]）指明，不胜感激。

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