JSF2自定义组件

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1.     序言

JSF2.0标准被JCP通过并正式发布已有一年多(20096月份通过的),其标准实现jsf-api-2.0.3.jar也一再更新版本,各种开源社区对应的版本也相继发布,如:IceFaceOpenFacesPrimeFaces等,IceFace也发布了netbeaneclipse3.6的可视化插件,JSF2.0生机勃勃,呈现出一片繁荣景象。

Composite Component JSF2(复合组件)提供了Composite Component的创建方法,避免了通过Java代码生成html标记的繁琐,只需要基于现有的JSF tag进行组合即可。IceFaceOpenFacesPrimeFaces提供了各种的炫酷UI Components,但JSF的开源社区都忙于商业支持,而很少对free的用户进行友好及时的支持。 <>一书提到如果有别人已经造好的车轮子,就没有必要自己造车轮。但是为了学习JSF的内部机制,还是很有必要编写传统的Non Composite Component,同时在我们很难获得开源社区的支持的现实下,自己制造车轮子,一方面为了自己用,另一方面也是为了更好的理解JSF和其他开源库,第三方的JSF库有问题自己能够解决,而不必依赖别人,Non Composite Component的基本结构如下图所示:

 

11 Non Composite Component的基本结构

本文所有代码采用技术:eclipse3.6+jdk6+tomcat6JSF选用标准实现Mojarra 2.0.3-b03

本文的所有的源代码可以从http://dazen.sourceforge.net/下载。

本文从易到难,先后介绍4Non Composite Component

2.     简单的Noncomposite Component

学习新事物,我们自然想到Hello world,本文也不例外,我们从hello world开始,首先开发一个最为简单的输出hello worldNon Composite ComponentHtmlHelloWorldUI component包括两部分:

1、一个HtmlHelloWorld.java类文件,这个类提供组件的核心功能,包括在html中的展现信息和呈现方式等。

2、一个配置文件:helloworld-taglib.xml,即组件的Facelet tag library descriptor (TLD)

eclipse中创建dynamic web project,或者下载源代码后直接导入工程即可,工程名称为jsfdemo

创建HtmlHelloWorld.java类文件,代码如下:

package com.dazen.components.component;

 

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.faces.component.FacesComponent;

import javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase;

import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;

import javax.faces.context.ResponseWriter;

 

@FacesComponent(value = "HtmlHelloWorld")

public class HtmlHelloWorld extends UIComponentBase {

      @Override

      public String getFamily() {

             return null;

      }

 

      @Override

      public void encodeAll(FacesContext context) throws IOException {

             ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

             writer.startElement("div", this);

             writer.writeAttribute("style", "color : red", null);

             writer.writeText("HelloWorld! today is: " + new java.util.Date(), null);

             writer.endElement("div");

      }

}

在代码中才采用注解的方式进行了组件注册:@FacesComponent(value = "HtmlHelloWorld"),否则需要在faces-config.xml中进行如下配置:

 <component>

    <component-type>HtmlHelloWorldcomponent-type>

     <component-class>

       com.dazen.components.component.HtmlHelloWorld

component-class>

component>

WEB-INF目录下创建文件:Facelet tag library descriptor (TLD)helloworld.taglib.xml,文件内容如下:

xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?>

<facelet-taglibxmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-facelettaglibrary_2_0.xsd"

    version="2.0">

    <namespace>http://dazen.com/examplenamespace>

    <tag>

       <tag-name>helloworldtag-name>

       <component>

           <component-type>HtmlHelloWorldcomponent-type>

       component>

    tag>

facelet-taglib>

至此,第一个Non Composite Component开发完毕,下面写一个xhtml文件:component.xhtml来调用该组件:

DOCTYPEhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"

    xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"

    xmlns:vt="http://dazen.com/example">

<h:head>

    <title>A Simple JavaServer Faces 2.0 Viewtitle>

h:head>

<h:body>

    <h:form>

       <p><vt:helloworld/>p>

    h:form>

h:body>

html>

 

IE中显示效果:

21 组件调用效果

3.     能接受参数的Noncomposite Component

一个组件一般要接受在调用时传递过来的参数。首先创建类文件:ParamHelloWorld.java,代码如下:

package com.dazen.components.component;

 

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.faces.component.FacesComponent;

import javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase;

import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;

import javax.faces.context.ResponseWriter;

 

@FacesComponent(value ="ParamHelloWorld")

publicclass ParamHelloWorldextends UIComponentBase {

    @Override

    public String getFamily() {

       returnnull;

    }

    @Override

    publicvoid encodeAll(FacesContext context)throws IOException {

       ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

       writer.startElement("div",this);

       writer.writeAttribute("style","color : red",null);

       String message = (String)this.getAttributes().get("hellomsg");

       if (null == message) {

           writer.writeText("HelloWorld! today is: " +new java.util.Date(),

                  null);

       } else {

           writer.writeText(message,null);

       }

       writer.endElement("div");

    }

}

这个组件可以接受参数名为: hellomsg的参数。

然后在helloworld.taglib.xml中添加如下代码来注册该组件:

<tag>

       <tag-name>paramhelloworldtag-name>

       <component>

           <component-type>ParamHelloWorldcomponent-type>

       component>

tag>

最后创建调用该组件的页面文件:param_component.xhtml,代码如下:

DOCTYPEhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"

    xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"

    xmlns:vt="http://dazen.com/example">

<h:head>

    <title>A Simple JavaServer Faces 2.0 Viewtitle>

h:head>

<h:body>

    <h:form>

       <vt:paramhelloworldhellomsg="Hello JSF! "/>

    h:form>

h:body>

html>

执行效果如下图所示:

31 可传参数的组件

4.     能与页面交互的Noncomposite Component

首先创建类文件:InputHelloWorld.java,代码如下:

package com.dazen.components.component;

 

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Map;

 

import javax.faces.component.FacesComponent;

import javax.faces.component.UIInput;

import javax.faces.component.UINamingContainer;

import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;

import javax.faces.context.ResponseWriter;

 

@FacesComponent(value ="InputHelloWorld")

publicclass InputHelloWorldextends UIInput {

    public InputHelloWorld() {

       setRendererType(null);// this component renders itself

    }

 

    @Override

    publicvoid encodeEnd(FacesContext context)throws IOException {

       String clientId = getClientId(context);

       char sep = UINamingContainer.getSeparatorChar(context);

       encodeInputField(context, clientId + sep +"inputfield");

       encodeSubmitButton(context, clientId + sep +"submit");

       encodeOutputField(context);

    }

 

    privatevoid encodeInputField(FacesContext context, String clientId)

           throws IOException {

       // Render a standard HTML input field

       ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

       writer.startElement("input",this);

       writer.writeAttribute("type","text", null);

       writer.writeAttribute("name", clientId,"dazen_Id");

       Object value = getValue();

       if (value !=null) {

           writer.writeAttribute("value", value.toString(),"value");

       }

       writer.writeAttribute("size","6", null);

       writer.endElement("input");

    }

 

    privatevoid encodeSubmitButton(FacesContext context, String clientId)

           throws IOException {

       // render a submit button

       ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

       writer.startElement("input",this);

       writer.writeAttribute("type","Submit", null);

       writer.writeAttribute("name", clientId,"dazen_Id");

       writer.writeAttribute("value","Click Me!",null);

       writer.endElement("input");

    }

 

    privatevoid encodeOutputField(FacesContext context)throws IOException {

       ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

       String hellomsg = (String) getAttributes().get("value");

       writer.startElement("p",this);

       writer.writeText("You entered: " + hellomsg,null);

       writer.endElement("p");

    }

 

 

    @Override

    publicvoid decode(FacesContext context) {

       Map requestMap = context.getExternalContext().getRequestParameterMap();

       String clientId = getClientId(context);

       char sep = UINamingContainer.getSeparatorChar(context);

       String submitted_hello_msg = ((String) requestMap.get(clientId + sep

              + "inputfield"));

       setSubmittedValue(submitted_hello_msg);

    }

}

这个组件可以由用户输入信息并反馈给用户。 基本流程是,用户在页面上输入数据,点击按钮后,一般采用PostBack的方法将数据传递到JSF Serverlet,在后台的Rendererdecode方法内部通过 FacesContext.getExternalContext().getRequestParameterMap()获取Map对象,然后通过 key去查找用户的输入数据。

然后在helloworld.taglib.xml中添加如下代码来注册该组件:

    <tag>

       <tag-name>inputhelloworldtag-name>

       <component>

           <component-type>InputHelloWorldcomponent-type>

       component>

tag>

 

最后创建调用该组件的页面文件:input_component.xhtml,代码如下:

DOCTYPEhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"

    xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"

    xmlns:vt="http://dazen.com/example">

<h:head>

    <title>A Simple JavaServer Faces 2.0 Viewtitle>

h:head>

<h:body>

    <h:form>

       <vt:inputhelloworld/>

    h:form>

h:body>

html>

执行效果如下图所示:

41 可交互的组件

 

5.     能与页面交互的Noncomposite Component

通常一个UI Component包含了两个部分:BehaviorRenderer.两者一般都分别实现,UIComponent类用来实现Behavior,比如处理事件,通过EL绑定属性等等。专门实现一个Renderer类来负责EncodingDecodingEncoding指的是生成可以在客户端显示的标记语言,比如html等,Decoding用来将客户端传来的请求(通常以某种标记语言风格)转换成Java变量。

首先创建Renderer类文件:HtmlInputRenderer.java,代码如下:

package com.dazen.components.renderer;

 

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Map;

 

import javax.faces.component.UIComponent;

import javax.faces.component.UINamingContainer;

import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;

import javax.faces.context.ResponseWriter;

import javax.faces.render.FacesRenderer;

import javax.faces.render.Renderer;

 

import com.dazen.components.component.HtmlInput;

@FacesRenderer(componentFamily="javax.faces.Input",

       rendererType="HtmlInputRenderer")

publicclassHtmlInputRenderer extends Renderer {

 

    publicvoid decode(FacesContext context, UIComponent component) {

       Map requestMap = context.getExternalContext().getRequestParameterMap();

       String clientId = component.getClientId(context);

       char sep = UINamingContainer.getSeparatorChar(context);

       String symbol = ((String) requestMap.get(clientId + sep +"inputfield"));

       HtmlInput myComponent = (HtmlInput) component;

       myComponent.setSubmittedValue(symbol);

    }

 

    @Override

    publicvoid encodeEnd(FacesContext context, UIComponent component)

           throws IOException {

       String clientId = component.getClientId(context);

       char sep = UINamingContainer.getSeparatorChar(context);

       encodeInputField(context, clientId + sep +"inputfield", component);

       encodeSubmitButton(context, clientId + sep +"submit", component);

       encodeOutputField(context, component);

    }

 

    privatevoid encodeInputField(FacesContext context, String clientId,

           UIComponent component)throws IOException {

       ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

       writer.startElement("input", component);

       writer.writeAttribute("type","text", null);

       writer.writeAttribute("name", clientId,"dazenId");

       HtmlInput myComponent = (HtmlInput) component;

       String value = (String) myComponent.getSubmittedValue();

       if (value !=null) {

           writer.writeAttribute("value", value,"value");

       }

       writer.writeAttribute("size","6", null);

       writer.endElement("input");

    }

 

    privatevoid encodeSubmitButton(FacesContext context, String clientId,

           UIComponent component)throws IOException {

       ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

       writer.startElement("input", component);

       writer.writeAttribute("type","Submit", null);

       writer.writeAttribute("name", clientId,"dazenId");

       writer.writeAttribute("value","Click Me!",null);

       writer.endElement("input");

    }

 

    privatevoid encodeOutputField(FacesContext context, UIComponent component)

           throws IOException {

       ResponseWriter writer = context.getResponseWriter();

       String hellomsg = (String) component.getAttributes().get("value");

       writer.startElement("p", component);

       writer.writeText("You entered: " + hellomsg,null);

       writer.endElement("p");

    }

}

       然后创建Behavior类文件:HtmlInput.java

package com.dazen.components.component;

 

import javax.faces.component.FacesComponent;

import javax.faces.component.UIInput;

 

@FacesComponent(value ="HtmlInput")

publicclassHtmlInput extends UIInput {

 

}

因为HtmlInput类继承了UIInput类,所以自然拥有了getFamilyget/setSubmittedValue等方法的实现。

然后在helloworld.taglib.xml中添加如下代码来注册该组件:

    <tag>

       <tag-name>htmlinputtag-name>

       <component>

           <component-type>HtmlInputcomponent-type>

           <renderer-type>HtmlInputRendererrenderer-type>

       component>

tag>

最后创建调用该组件的页面文件:renderer_component.xhtml,代码如下:

DOCTYPEhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"

    xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"

    xmlns:vt="http://dazen.com/example">

<h:head>

    <title>A Simple JavaServer Faces 2.0 Viewtitle>

h:head>

<h:body>

    <h:form>

       <vt:htmlinput/>

    h:form>

h:body>

html>

执行效果如下图所示:


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