创建文件系统常用命令

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创建文件系统常用命令

1. mkfs命令

mkfs命令：(1) # mkfs.FS_TYPE /dev/DEVICE     ext4/xfs/btrfs/vfat[root@localhost ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb9[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb9mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=1024 (log=0)Fragment size=1024 (log=0)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks28112 inodes, 112420 blocks5621 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=1Maximum filesystem blocks=6737100814 block groups8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group2008 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:     8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (4096 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.(2) # mkfs -t FS_TYPE /dev/DEVICE     -L 'LABEL': 设定卷标

2. mke2fs命令

ext系列文件系统专用管理工具            -t {ext2|ext3|ext4}            -b {1024|2048|4096}            -L 'LABEL'            -j: 相当于 -t ext3                mkfs.ext3 = mkfs -t ext3 = mke2fs -j = mke2fs -t ext3            -i #: 为数据空间中每多少个字节创建一个inode；此大小不应该小于block的大小；            -N #：为数据空间创建个多少个inode；            -m #: 为管理人员预留的空间占据的百分比；            -O FEATURE[,...]：启用指定特性                -O ^FEATURE：关闭指定特性

3. mkswap

创建交换分区mkswap [options] device     -L 'LABEL'前提：调整其分区的ID为82；

其它常用工具

1. blkid

块设备属性信息查看            blkid [OPTION]... [DEVICE]                -U UUID: 根据指定的UUID来查找对应的设备                -L LABEL：根据指定的LABEL来查找对应的设备[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1/dev/sdb1: UUID="c8b3a3a6-77fb-49a4-ad19-8afa038777db" TYPE="ext4" [root@localhost ~]# blkid -L "my data"/dev/sdb1

2. e2label

管理ext系列文件系统的LABEL            # e2label DEVICE [LABEL][root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 "my data"[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1/dev/sdb1: UUID="c8b3a3a6-77fb-49a4-ad19-8afa038777db" TYPE="ext4" LABEL="my data"

3. tune2fs

重新设定ext系列文件系统可调整参数的值            -l：查看指定文件系统超级块信息；super block            -L 'LABEL'：修改卷标            -m #：修预留给管理员的空间百分比            -j: 将ext2升级为ext3            -O: 文件系统属性启用或禁用            -o: 调整文件系统的默认挂载选项            -U UUID: 修改UUID号；

4. dumpe2fs

            -h：查看超级块信息[root@localhost ~]# dumpe2fs -h  /dev/sda1dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem volume name:   <none>Last mounted on:          /bootFilesystem UUID:          76ed89c0-305c-45e9-aec2-7734ed87b1e3Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isizeFilesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash Default mount options:    user_xattr aclFilesystem state:         cleanErrors behavior:          ContinueFilesystem OS type:       LinuxInode count:              76912Block count:              307200Reserved block count:     15360Free blocks:              263953Free inodes:              76874First block:              1Block size:               1024Fragment size:            1024Reserved GDT blocks:      256Blocks per group:         8192Fragments per group:      8192Inodes per group:         2024Inode blocks per group:   253Flex block group size:    16Filesystem created:       Wed May 18 10:02:15 2016Last mount time:          Fri Jun 10 23:14:27 2016Last write time:          Fri Jun 10 23:14:27 2016Mount count:              7Maximum mount count:      -1Last checked:             Wed May 18 10:02:15 2016Check interval:           0 (<none>)Lifetime writes:          88 MBReserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)First inode:              11Inode size:           128Journal inode:            8Default directory hash:   half_md4Directory Hash Seed:      4bd39238-646d-4230-87d2-8f5447b4d6e6Journal backup:           inode blocksJournal features:         (none)Journal size:             8MJournal length:           8192Journal sequence:         0x0000003aJournal start:            1

文件系统检测

1. fsck

File System Check            fsck.FS_TYPE            fsck -t FS_TYPE                -a: 自动修复错误                -r: 交互式修复错误                Note: FS_TYPE一定要与分区上已经文件类型相同；[root@localhost ~]# fsck /dev/sdb9fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)/dev/sdb9: clean, 11/28112 files, 9201/112420 blocks[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb9 /tmp[root@localhost ~]# fsck /dev/sdb9fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)/dev/sdb9 is mounted.e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.

检测时，需要取消使用，不然报错

2. e2fsck

ext系列文件专用的检测修复工具            -y：自动回答为yes;             -f：强制修复；

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