mongodb数据库安装及常见操作

客户端和服务端的安装
# rpm -ivh mongo-10gen-2.4.6-mongodb_1.x86_64.rpm mongo-10gen-server-2.4.6-mongodb_1.x86_64.rpm


创建数据库存放数据目录
# mkdir -pv /mongodb/data
mkdir: created directory `/mongodb'
mkdir: created directory `/mongodb/data'
[root@node2 ~]# chown -R mongod.mongod /mongodb/data


修改配置文件

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf 

[root@node2 ~]# service mongod start


可以通过访问web界面显示服务器状态：
http://192.168.8.39:28017/


数据库常见操作：
进入数据库
# mongo

> helpdb.help()                    help on db methodsdb.mycoll.help()             help on collection methodssh.help()                    sharding helpersrs.help()                    replica set helpershelp admin                   administrative helphelp connect                 connecting to a db helphelp keys                    key shortcutshelp misc                    misc things to knowhelp mr                      mapreduceshow dbs                     show database namesshow collections             show collections in current databaseshow users                   show users in current databaseshow profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1msshow logs                    show the accessible logger namesshow log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is defaultuse <db_name>                set current databasedb.foo.find()                list objects in collection foodb.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterateDBQuery.shellBatchSize = x   set default number of items to display on shellexit                         quit the mongo shell

> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show collections
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078125GB
test (empty)
testdb (empty)
> db.testcoll.insert({name: "tom"})
> show collections
system.indexes
testcoll
> db.testcoll.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1692756c2ee1a25da27"), "name" : "tom" }
> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'jack'})
> db.testcoll.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1692756c2ee1a25da27"), "name" : "tom" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1962756c2ee1a25da28"), "name" : "jack" }
> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'lily',age: 18},{name: 'lucy', age: 19})


显示状态：
> db.testcoll.stats()
{
"ns" : "testdb.testcoll",
"count" : 3,
"size" : 132,
"avgObjSize" : 44,
"storageSize" : 4096,
"numExtents" : 1,
"nindexes" : 1,
"lastExtentSize" : 4096,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"systemFlags" : 1,
"userFlags" : 0,
"totalIndexSize" : 8176,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 8176
},
"ok" : 1
}


删除文档
> show collections
system.indexes
testcoll
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078125GB
test (empty)
testdb 0.203125GB
> db.testcoll.drop()
true
> show collections
system.indexes


创建新表

> use itpartswitched to db itpart> db.worker.insert({name: 'jack'})> db.worker.insert({name: 'tom'})> db.worker.insert({name: 'lily',age: 22})> db.worker.insert({name: 'lucy',age: 23})> db.worker.find(){ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "name" : "lily", "age" : 22 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }> db.city.insert({area: 'shenzhen'})> show collectionscitysystem.indexesworker> db.city.find(){ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ef2756c2ee1a25da2e"), "area" : "shenzhen" }> db.worker.find(){ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "name" : "lily", "age" : 22 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }

查找年龄大于22的元素
> db.worker.find({age:{$gt: 22}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }
只显示name
> db.worker.find({age: {$gt: 22}},{name:1 })
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy" }


修改元素：
> db.worker.update({age: {$gt: 18}}, {$set: { status: 'A'}},{multi: true})
> db.worker.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd4f52756c2ee1a25da2f"), "age" : 22, "name" : "jack", "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "age" : 22, "name" : "lily", "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lucy", "status" : "A" }


删除元素：

> db.worker.remove({status: 'B'})> db.worker.find(){ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "age" : 22, "name" : "lily", "status" : "A" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lucy", "status" : "A" }

批量插入数据：
> for(i=1;i<=100;i++) db.testcoll.insert({name: "user" + i,age: i,gender: 'm',preferbooks: ['first book','second book']})
显示前三行
> db.testcoll.find().limit(3)
移除 年龄为8的元素
> db.testcoll.remove({age: 8})
查找年龄大于93的元素
> db.testcoll.find({age: {$gte: 93}})
找出年龄在60~70之间的元素

> db.testcoll.find({$and: [{age: {$gte: 60}}, {age: {$lte: 70}}]}){ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6b"), "name" : "user60", "age" : 60, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6c"), "name" : "user61", "age" : 61, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6d"), "name" : "user62", "age" : 62, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6e"), "name" : "user63", "age" : 63, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6f"), "name" : "user64", "age" : 64, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da70"), "name" : "user65", "age" : 65, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da71"), "name" : "user66", "age" : 66, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da72"), "name" : "user67", "age" : 67, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da73"), "name" : "user68", "age" : 68, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da74"), "name" : "user69", "age" : 69, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da75"), "name" : "user70", "age" : 70, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

显示address属性存在的元素
> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'jack',age: 28, address: 'shenzhen'})
> db.testcoll.find({address: {$exists: true}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cdbf1c1e73f4b26e83033"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 28, "address" : "shenzhen" }
> db.testcoll.find({address: {$exists: false}})


修改元素，默认只修改第一行
> db.testcoll.update({age: {$gt: 80}} , {$set: {gender: 'f'}})
满足条件的全部修改
> db.testcoll.update({age: {$gt: 80}}, {$set: {gender: 'f'}},{multi: true})
删除列
> db.testcoll.update({name: 'user81'},{$unset: {preferbooks: ''}})
> db.testcoll.find({age: {$gt: 80}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da80"), "age" : 81, "gender" : "f", "name" : "user81" }

索引的操作：

显示索引
> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
}
]


> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_1"
}
]


设置索引的方法
> db.testcoll.ensureIndex({name:'hashed'})
> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_1"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : "hashed"
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_hashed"
}
]


删除
> db.testcoll.dropIndex('name_hashed')
{ "nIndexesWas" : 3, "ok" : 1 }
> db.testcoll.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",
"name" : "name_1"
}
]


显示查找过程
> db.testcoll.find({name:'user19'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da42"), "name" : "user19", "age" : 19, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }
> db.testcoll.find({name:'user19'}).explain()
{
"cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1",
"isMultiKey" : false,
"n" : 1,
"nscannedObjects" : 1,
"nscanned" : 1,
"nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1,
"nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
"scanAndOrder" : false,
"indexOnly" : false,
"nYields" : 0,
"nChunkSkips" : 0,
"millis" : 0,
"indexBounds" : {
"name" : [
[
"user19",
"user19"
]
]
},
"server" : "node2.chinasoft.com:27017"
}