LINQ体验(14)——LINQ to SQL语句之存储过程

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LINQ体验(14)——LINQ to SQL语句之存储过程

存储过程

在我们编写程序中,往往需要一些存储过程,在LINQ to SQL中怎么使用呢?也许比原来的更简单些。下面我们以NORTHWND.MDF数据库中自带的几个存储过程来理解一下。

1.返回数量

在数据库中,有名为Customers Count By Region的存储过程。该存储过程返回顾客所在"WA"区域的数量。

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[NonRowset]    (@param1 NVARCHAR(15))ASBEGIN    SET NOCOUNT ON;     DECLARE @count int     SELECT @count = COUNT(*)FROM Customers      WHERECustomers.Region = @Param1     RETURN @countEND

我们只要把这个存储过程拖到O/R设计器内,它自动生成了以下代码段:

[Function(Name = "dbo.[Customers Count By Region]")]public int Customers_Count_By_Region([Parameter(DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] string param1){    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);    return ((int)(result.ReturnValue));}

我们需要时,直接调用就可以了,例如:

int count = db.CustomersCountByRegion("WA");Console.WriteLine(count);

2.返回行集合

从数据库中返回行集合,并包含用于筛选结果的输入参数。 当我们执行返回行集合的存储过程时,会用到结果类,它存储从存储过程中返回的结果。

下面的示例表示一个存储过程,该存储过程返回客户行并使用输入参数来仅返回将“London”列为客户城市的那些行的固定几列。 

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[Customers By City]     -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here     (@param1 NVARCHAR(20))ASBEGIN     -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from     -- interfering with SELECT statements.     SET NOCOUNT ON;     SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName, City from      Customers as c where c.City=@param1END

拖到O/R设计器内,它自动生成了以下代码段:

[Function(Name="dbo.[Customers By City]")]public ISingleResult<Customers_By_CityResult> Customers_By_City([Parameter(DbType="NVarChar(20)")] string param1){    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, (    (MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);    return ((ISingleResult<Customers_By_CityResult>)    (result.ReturnValue));}

我们用下面的代码调用:

ISingleResult<Customers_By_CityResult> result = db.Customers_By_City("London");foreach (Customers_By_CityResult cust in result){    Console.WriteLine("CustID={0}; City={1}", cust.CustomerID,        cust.City);}

3.返回多个结果形状的映射

当存储过程可以返回多个结果形状时,返回类型无法强类型化为单个投影形状。尽管 LINQ to SQL 可以生成所有可能的投影类型,但它无法获知将以何种顺序返回它们。 ResultTypeAttribute 属性适用于返回多个结果类型的存储过程,用以指定该过程可以返回的类型的集合。

在下面的 SQL 代码示例中,结果形状取决于输入(param1 = 1或param1 = 2)。我们不知道先返回哪个投影。

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[SingleRowset_MultiShape]     -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here     (@param1 int )ASBEGIN     -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from     -- interfering with SELECT statements.     SET NOCOUNT ON;     if(@param1 = 1)     SELECT * from Customers as c where c.Region = 'WA'     else if (@param1 = 2)     SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName from      Customers as c where c.Region = 'WA'END

拖到O/R设计器内,它自动生成了以下代码段:

[Function(Name="dbo.[Whole Or Partial Customers Set]")]public ISingleResult<Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_SetResult> Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set([Parameter(DbType="Int")] System.Nullable<int> param1){    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,     ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);    return ((ISingleResult<Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_SetResult>)    (result.ReturnValue));}

但是,VS2008会把多结果集存储过程识别为单结果集的存储过程,默认生成的代码我们要手动修改一下,要求返回多个结果集,像这样:

[Function(Name="dbo.[Whole Or Partial Customers Set]")][ResultType(typeof(WholeCustomersSetResult))][ResultType(typeof(PartialCustomersSetResult))]public IMultipleResults Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set([Parameter(DbType="Int")] System.Nullable<int> param1){    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,     ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);    return ((IMultipleResults)(result.ReturnValue));}

我们分别定义了两个分部类,用于指定返回的类型。WholeCustomersSetResult类 如下:(点击展开)

代码在这里展开

PartialCustomersSetResult类 如下:(点击展开)

代码在这里展开

这样就可以使用了,下面代码直接调用,分别返回各自的结果集合。

//返回全部Customer结果集IMultipleResults result = db.Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set(1);IEnumerable<WholeCustomersSetResult> shape1 = result.GetResult<WholeCustomersSetResult>();foreach (WholeCustomersSetResult compName in shape1){    Console.WriteLine(compName.CompanyName);}//返回部分Customer结果集result = db.Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set(2);IEnumerable<PartialCustomersSetResult> shape2 = result.GetResult<PartialCustomersSetResult>();foreach (PartialCustomersSetResult con in shape2){    Console.WriteLine(con.ContactName);}

4.返回顺序结果形状映射

这种存储过程可以生成多个结果形状,但我们已经知道结果的返回顺序。

下面是一个按顺序返回多个结果形状的存储过程Get Customer And Orders。 返回顾客ID为"SEVES"的顾客和他们所有的订单。

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[Get Customer And Orders](@CustomerID nchar(5))    -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure hereASBEGIN    -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from    -- interfering with SELECT statements.    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT * FROM Customers AS c WHERE c.CustomerID = @CustomerID      SELECT * FROM Orders AS o WHERE o.CustomerID = @CustomerIDEND

拖到设计器代码如下:

[Function(Name="dbo.[Get Customer And Orders]")]public ISingleResult<Get_Customer_And_OrdersResult>Get_Customer_And_Orders([Parameter(Name="CustomerID",DbType="NChar(5)")] string customerID){     IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,     ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), customerID);     return ((ISingleResult<Get_Customer_And_OrdersResult>)     (result.ReturnValue));}

同样,我们要修改自动生成的代码:

[Function(Name="dbo.[Get Customer And Orders]")][ResultType(typeof(CustomerResultSet))][ResultType(typeof(OrdersResultSet))]public IMultipleResults Get_Customer_And_Orders([Parameter(Name="CustomerID",DbType="NChar(5)")]string customerID){    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), customerID);    return ((IMultipleResults)(result.ReturnValue));}

同样,自己手写类,让其存储过程返回各自的结果集。

CustomerResultSet类

代码在这里展开

OrdersResultSet类

代码在这里展开

这时,只要调用就可以了。

IMultipleResults result = db.Get_Customer_And_Orders("SEVES");//返回Customer结果集IEnumerable<CustomerResultSet> customer = result.GetResult<CustomerResultSet>();//返回Orders结果集IEnumerable<OrdersResultSet> orders =  result.GetResult<OrdersResultSet>();//在这里,我们读取CustomerResultSet中的数据foreach (CustomerResultSet cust in customer){    Console.WriteLine(cust.CustomerID);}

5.带输出参数

LINQ to SQL 将输出参数映射到引用参数,并且对于值类型,它将参数声明为可以为 null。

下面的示例带有单个输入参数(客户 ID)并返回一个输出参数(该客户的总销售额)。

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[CustOrderTotal] @CustomerID nchar(5),@TotalSales money OUTPUTASSELECT @TotalSales = SUM(OD.UNITPRICE*(1-OD.DISCOUNT) * OD.QUANTITY)FROM ORDERS O, "ORDER DETAILS" ODwhere O.CUSTOMERID = @CustomerID AND O.ORDERID = OD.ORDERID

把这个存储过程拖到设计器中,图片如下:

存储过程

其生成代码如下:

[Function(Name="dbo.CustOrderTotal")]public int CustOrderTotal([Parameter(Name="CustomerID", DbType="NChar(5)")]string customerID,[Parameter(Name="TotalSales", DbType="Money")]  ref System.Nullable<decimal> totalSales){    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())),    customerID, totalSales);    totalSales = ((System.Nullable<decimal>)    (result.GetParameterValue(1)));    return ((int)(result.ReturnValue));}

我们使用下面的语句调用此存储过程:

decimal? totalSales = 0;string customerID = "ALFKI";db.CustOrderTotal(customerID, ref totalSales);Console.WriteLine("Total Sales for Customer '{0}' = {1:C}", customerID, totalSales);

好了,就说到这里了,其增删改操作同理。相信大家通过这5个实例理解了存储过程。

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