Linux apache配备ssl支持https



Linux apache配置ssl支持https

1.在线安装mod_ssl

yum -y install mod_ssl

查看openssl 是否安装成功

rpm -qa |grep openssl 

 

2.建立服务器密钥

openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024

 

 

3.建立服务器公钥 

openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

 

4.建立服务器证书 

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

 

 

5.修改SSL的设置文件

/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

## This is the Apache server configuration file providing SSL support.# It contains the configuration directives to instruct the server how to# serve pages over an https connection. For detailing information about these # directives see <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html># # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  #LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.soLoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.soJkWorkersFile "conf/workers.properties"JkLogFile "logs/mod_jk.log"## When we also provide SSL we have to listen to the # the HTTPS port in addition.#Listen 443####  SSL Global Context####  All SSL configuration in this context applies both to##  the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts.###   Pass Phrase Dialog:#   Configure the pass phrase gathering process.#   The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is a internal#   terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout.SSLPassPhraseDialog  builtin#   Inter-Process Session Cache:#   Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism #   to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds).SSLSessionCache         shmcb:/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache(512000)SSLSessionCacheTimeout  300#   Semaphore:#   Configure the path to the mutual exclusion semaphore the#   SSL engine uses internally for inter-process synchronization. SSLMutex default#   Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG):#   Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the #   SSL library. The seed data should be of good random quality.#   WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy#   is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device#   because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as#   it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those#   platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't#   block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User#   Manual for more details.SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom  256SSLRandomSeed connect builtin#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/random  512#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/random  512#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512## Use "SSLCryptoDevice" to enable any supported hardware# accelerators. Use "openssl engine -v" to list supported# engine names.  NOTE: If you enable an accelerator and the# server does not start, consult the error logs and ensure# your accelerator is functioning properly. #SSLCryptoDevice builtin#SSLCryptoDevice ubsec#### SSL Virtual Host Context##<VirtualHost _default_:443># General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configuration#DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"#ServerName www.example.com:443jkMount /* tomcat1ServerName 192.168.1.134:443# Use separate log files for the SSL virtual host; note that LogLevel# is not inherited from httpd.conf.ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_logTransferLog logs/ssl_access_logLogLevel warn#   SSL Engine Switch:#   Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.SSLEngine on#   SSL Protocol support:# List the enable protocol levels with which clients will be able to# connect.  Disable SSLv2 access by default:SSLProtocol all -SSLv2#   SSL Cipher Suite:# List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate.# See the mod_ssl documentation for a complete list.SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT:!SSLv2:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW#   Server Certificate:# Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate.  If# the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a# pass phrase.  Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again.  A new# certificate can be generated using the genkey(1) command.#SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt#   Server Private Key:#   If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this#   directive to point at the key file.  Keep in mind that if#   you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure#   both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.)#SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.keySSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/server.key#   Server Certificate Chain:#   Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the#   concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the#   certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively#   the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile#   when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server#   certificate for convinience.#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/server-chain.crt#   Certificate Authority (CA):#   Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA#   certificates for client authentication or alternatively one#   huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt#   Client Authentication (Type):#   Client certificate verification type and depth.  Types are#   none, optional, require and optional_no_ca.  Depth is a#   number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate#   issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.#SSLVerifyClient require#SSLVerifyDepth  10#   Access Control:#   With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based#   on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server#   variable checks and other lookup directives.  The syntax is a#   mixture between C and Perl.  See the mod_ssl documentation#   for more details.#<Location />#SSLRequire (    %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \#            and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \#            and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \#            and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \#            and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20       ) \#           or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/#</Location>#   SSL Engine Options:#   Set various options for the SSL engine.#   o FakeBasicAuth:#     Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation.  This means that#     the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control.  The#     user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.#     Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user#     file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.#   o ExportCertData:#     This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and#     SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the#     server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client#     authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates#     into CGI scripts.#   o StdEnvVars:#     This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.#     Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,#     because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually#     useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the#     exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.#   o StrictRequire:#     This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even#     under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied#     and no other module can change it.#   o OptRenegotiate:#     This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL#     directives are used in per-directory context. #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire<Files ~ "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php3?)$">    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars</Files><Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars</Directory>#   SSL Protocol Adjustments:#   The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown#   approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for#   the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown#   approach you can use one of the following variables:#   o ssl-unclean-shutdown:#     This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no#     SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received.  This violates#     the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use#     this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where#     mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.#   o ssl-accurate-shutdown:#     This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a#     SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify#     alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in#     practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use#     this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation#     works correctly. #   Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP#   keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable#   keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.#   Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround#   their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and#   "force-response-1.0" for this.SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \         nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \         downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0#   Per-Server Logging:#   The home of a custom SSL log file. Use this when you want a#   compact non-error SSL logfile on a virtual host basis.CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \          "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"</VirtualHost>     

 

6.重启httpd

service httpd restart

由于不是第三方根证书颁发机构颁发的证书，而是自己颁发的证书，所以浏览器会提示安全证书不受信任。

!!!注意：首页index.html 的文件权限为755，否则将会出现如上提示：

Forbidden

Youdon't have permission to access /main.html on this server.

解决方法：修改首页index.html读写权限。

#Chmod755  index.html

关于openssl指令的补充说明：

#openssl [操作]  -out  filename  [bits]

参数说明：

[操作]  主要的操作有如下两个：

      genrsa，建立RSA加密的Public key

      req，建立凭证要求文件或者是凭证文件

-out ，后面加上输出的文件名，就是那把key name

bits，用在genrsa加密的公钥的长度

-x509，X.509，CertificateData  Management.  一种验证的管理方式

例：建立一支长度为1024bits的Public Key，注意文件名。

#openssl genrsa  -out  Server.key 1024

生成证书请求命令：

#Openssl req  -new  -key file.key  -out  file.csr -config  /path/to/openssl.cnf

-config：指定openssl的配置文件路径，不指定时，默认会访问Unix格式的默认路径：/usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf。

例：#openssl req -new -key server.key -outserver.csr