Looper,Handler,Message

Looper线程循环工作的线程。在程序开发中，我们经常会需要一个线程不断循环，一旦有新任务则执行，执行完继续等待下一个任务，这就是Looper线程。使用Looper类创建Looper线程：

public class LooperThread extends Thread {    @Override    public void run() {        // 将当前线程初始化为Looper线程        Looper.prepare();        // ...其他处理，如实例化handler        // 开始循环处理消息队列        Looper.loop();    }}

Looper对象实际为ThreadLocal对象，在prepare()返回，它的内部维护了一个消息队列MQ。注意，一个Thread只能有一个Looper对象

public final class Looper {    private static final String TAG = "Looper";    // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();    private static Looper sMainLooper;  // guarded by Looper.class    final MessageQueue mQueue;    final Thread mThread;    private Printer mLogging;    public static void prepare() {        prepare(true);    }    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");        }        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));    }}

loop方法后，Looper线程就开始工作，不断从自己的MessageQueue中取出队头的消息执行。

/**     * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call     * {@link #quit()} to end the loop.     */    public static void loop() {        final Looper me = myLooper();        if (me == null) {            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");        }        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();        for (;;) {            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block            if (msg == null) {                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.                return;            }            // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger            Printer logging = me.mLogging;            if (logging != null) {                logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +                        msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);            }            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);            if (logging != null) {                logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);            }            // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the            // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.            final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();            if (ident != newIdent) {                Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"                        + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"                        + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "                        + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "                        + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);            }            msg.recycleUnchecked();        }    }

Handler,通知MQ它要执行一个任务(sendMessage)，并在loop到自己的时候执行该任务(handleMessage)，整个过程是异步的。

常用Handler Message 例子：

private Handler handler = new Handler() {    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {        switch (msg.what) {            case 1 :                bt.setText("正在下载...");                break;            case 2 :                Bitmap bm = (Bitmap) msg.obj;                iv.setImageBitmap(bm);                break;            case 3 :                Bundle bundle = msg.getData();                String data = bundle.getString("text");                bt.setText(data);                break;        }    }};Message msg = new Message(); msg.what =1; handler.sendMessage(msg);

上源码：

public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +                    klass.getCanonicalName());            }        }        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();        if (mLooper == null) {            throw new RuntimeException(                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");        }        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;        mCallback = callback;        mAsynchronous = async;    }
<pre name="code" class="java">public Handler() {        this(null, false);    }
<pre name="code" class="java">    public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)    {        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);    }
    public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)    {        if (delayMillis < 0) {            delayMillis = 0;        }        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);    }
    public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;        if (queue == null) {            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);            return false;        }        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);    }    private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {        msg.target = this;        if (mAsynchronous) {            msg.setAsynchronous(true);        }        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);    }

有了handler之后，我们就可以使用 post(Runnable), postAtTime(Runnable, long), postDelayed(Runnable, long), sendEmptyMessage(int), sendMessage(Message), sendMessageAtTime(Message, long)和 sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)这些方法向MQ上发送消息了。