Qt tcp socket编程

《学习笔记》

QTcpSever用于监听，QTcpSocket用于连接客户端和服务端。

客户端连接服务端很简单，connectToHost(QHostAddress("IP", 666);，填写IP和端口就可以，连接成功后，再关联信号readyRead()就可以读取服务端发送过来的数据了

服务端首先监听某个端口，看是否有连接到该端口的机器，然后获取客户端连接的socket有两种方法：

1：关联信号newConnection()，在接受连接的过程中，应当是有一个队列，等待的连接都将放入连接队列中,在相应的槽函数中通过nextPendingConnection 函数可以得到该socket，进而可以进行通信，通信还是通过readyRead()信号，注意：这种方式返回的socket不可以用于另一个线程

2：另一种方法是继承QTcpSocket类重写incomingConnection (qintptr socketDescriptor) 函数 ,再有连接时这个函数会被系统调用，socketDescriptor  为套接字描述符，用这个描述符创建一个socket就可以了，即setSocketDescriptor  这个函数，描述符传给这个函数参数即可。

下面是我参照网上写的测试代码，可以同时有多个客户端连接到服务的同一个端口进行相互之间通信

服务端：

chatSever.h

#include <QObject>

#include <qtcpserver.h>

#include <QList>

#include <tcpsocket.h>

class chatSever : public QTcpServer

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    explicit chatSever(QObject *parent = 0, int port = 0);

    //重载

    void incomingConnection(int handle);

    void sendMsgToClient(QString strMsg, int nLength);

private:

    QList<tcpSocket*> m_clientSocketLst;    //用于保存客户端链表

signals:

public slots:

    void updateClientsData(QString msg, int length);

    void slotDisconnected(int descriptor);

};

chatSever.cpp

#include "chatsever.h"

chatSever::chatSever(QObject *parent, int port) : QTcpServer(parent)

{

    //监听

    listen(QHostAddress::Any, port);

}

void chatSever::incomingConnection(int handle)

{

    tcpSocket* clientSocket = new tcpSocket(this);

    clientSocket->setSocketDescriptor(handle);

    m_clientSocketLst.append(clientSocket);

    connect(clientSocket, SIGNAL(updateClientsData(QString,int)), this, SLOT(updateClientsData(QString,int)));

    //一个socket断开连接就从底层链表中删除对应的对象

    connect(clientSocket, SIGNAL(disconed(int)), this, SLOT(slotDisconnected(int)));

}

void chatSever::sendMsgToClient(QString strMsg, int nLength)

{

    updateClientsData(strMsg, nLength);

}

void chatSever::updateClientsData(QString msg, int length)

{

    for(int i = 0; i < m_clientSocketLst.count(); ++i)

    {

        QTcpSocket* itemClient = m_clientSocketLst.at(i);

        if(itemClient->write(msg.toLatin1().data(), length) != length)

        {

            qDebug() << "存在数据丢失";

            continue;

        }

    }

}

//删除指定的socket对象

void chatSever::slotDisconnected(int descriptor)

{

    qDebug() << "slotDisconnected";

    for(int i = 0; i < m_clientSocketLst.count(); ++i)

    {

        QTcpSocket* item = m_clientSocketLst.at(i);

        if(item->socketDescriptor() == descriptor)

        {

            m_clientSocketLst.removeAt(i);

            qDebug() << QString("socket列表 = : %1").arg(m_clientSocketLst.count());

            return;

        }

    }

}

tcpSocket.h

#include <QObject>

#include <QTcpSocket>

class tcpSocket : public QTcpSocket

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    explicit tcpSocket(QObject *parent = 0);

signals:

    void updateClientsData(QString, int);

    void disconed(int);

public slots:

    void dataRecived();

    void slotDisconnected();

};

tcpSocket.cpp

#include "tcpsocket.h"

tcpSocket::tcpSocket(QObject *parent) : QTcpSocket(parent)

{

    //建立处理客户端的槽函数

    connect(this, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(dataRecived()));

    connect(this, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(slotDisconnected()));

}

//读取客户端信息

void tcpSocket::dataRecived()

{

    while (bytesAvailable() > 0) {//貌似解决了发送方粘包的问题，加上还是好

        char buf[1024] = {0};

        int nLength = bytesAvailable(); //返回可用字节数

        read(buf, nLength);

        QString str = buf;

        emit updateClientsData(str, nLength);

    }

}

void tcpSocket::slotDisconnected()

{

    qDebug() << "slotDisconnected";

    emit disconed(socketDescriptor());

}

chatSeverUI.h

#include <QWidget>

#include <QtNetwork/QTcpSocket>

#include <QtNetwork/QTcpServer>

#include "chatsever.h"

namespace Ui {

class socketSever;

}

class chatSeverUI : public QWidget

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    explicit chatSeverUI(QWidget *parent = 0);

    ~chatSeverUI();

    void initSocket();

public slots:

//    void acceptConnection();

//    void readClient();

private slots:

    void on_pushButton_clicked();

private:

    Ui::socketSever *ui;

    QTcpServer* m_sever;

    QTcpSocket* m_clientConet;

    chatSever*  m_chatSever;

};

chatSeverUI.cpp

#include "chatseverUI.h"

#include "ui_socketsever.h"

#include <QtNetwork/qhostaddress.h>

chatSeverUI::chatSeverUI(QWidget *parent) :

    QWidget(parent),

    ui(new Ui::socketSever)

{

    ui->setupUi(this);

    m_sever = NULL;

    m_clientConet = NULL;

    m_chatSever = NULL;

    initSocket();

}

chatSeverUI::~chatSeverUI()

{

    delete ui;

}

void chatSeverUI::initSocket()

{

    /*

     *  方法1

    m_sever = new QTcpServer(this);

    m_sever->listen(QHostAddress::Any, 6666);

    connect(m_sever, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(acceptConnection()));

*/

    //方法2

    m_chatSever = new chatSever(this, 6666);

    if(!m_chatSever->isListening())

    {

        qDebug() << QString("unable to start the sever : %1").arg(m_chatSever->errorString());

    }

}

/*

void chatSeverUI::acceptConnection()

{

    m_clientConet = m_sever->nextPendingConnection();

    connect(m_clientConet, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readClient()));

}

void chatSeverUI::readClient()

{

    QString str = m_clientConet->readAll();

    ui->severLabel->setText(str);

}

*/

void chatSeverUI::on_pushButton_clicked()

{

    QString str = ui->severEdit->text();

    //m_clientConet->write(str.toLatin1().data());

    m_chatSever->sendMsgToClient(str.toLatin1().data(), str.length());

}

main函数就很简单了，只是显示了各个窗口而已

    chatClientUI client1;

    client1.setWindowTitle("client");

    client1.show();

    chatClientUI client2;

    client2.setWindowTitle("client");

    client2.show();

    chatClientUI client3;

    client3.setWindowTitle("client");

    client3.show();

    chatSeverUI sever;

    sever.setWindowTitle("sever");

    sever.show();

界面是用QTDesign设计的，这里就不再多说了，初学笔记，如果有错误的地方欢迎指正，共同进步