WPF之HierarchicalDataTemplate

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HierarchicalDataTemplate顾名思义，分层数据模板，就是用来定义分层数据样式的模板，一般多用于MenuItem和TreeViewItem

包含几个重要属性

DataType指定模板用于哪种数据类型

ItemsSource指定该类数据的子集，即下一层显示那些数据

内容指定数据如何显示绑定哪个属性

MSDN上的一个例子:

1.定义数据集 public class League    {        public League(string name)        {            _name = name;            _divisions = new List<Division>();        }        string _name;        public string Name { get { return _name; } }        List<Division> _divisions;        public List<Division> Divisions { get { return _divisions; } }    }    public class Division    {        public Division(string name)        {            _name = name;            _teams = new List<Team>();        }        string _name;        public string Name { get { return _name; } }        List<Team> _teams;        public List<Team> Teams { get { return _teams; } }    }    public class Team    {        public Team(string name)        {            _name = name;        }        string _name;        public string Name { get { return _name; } }    }    public class ListLeagueList : List<League>    {        public ListLeagueList()        {            League l;            Division d;            Add(l = new League("League A"));            l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A")));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team I"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team II"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team III"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team IV"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team V"));            l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B")));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Blue"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Red"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Yellow"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Green"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Orange"));            l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C")));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team East"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team West"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team North"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team South"));            Add(l = new League("League B"));            l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A")));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 1"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 2"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 3"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 4"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 5"));            l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B")));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Diamond"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Heart"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Club"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Spade"));            l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C")));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Alpha"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Beta"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Gamma"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Delta"));            d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Epsilon"));        }        public League this[string name]        {            get            {                foreach (League l in this)                    if (l.Name == name)                        return l;                return null;            }        }    }

窗体：

<!--<SnippetHDT>--><Window x:Class="SDKSample.Window1"  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"  Title="HierarchicalDataTemplate Sample"  xmlns:src="clr-namespace:SDKSample">  <DockPanel>    <DockPanel.Resources>      <src:ListLeagueList x:Key="MyList"/>      <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType    = "{x:Type src:League}"                                ItemsSource = "{Binding Path=Divisions}">                  <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/>      </HierarchicalDataTemplate>      <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType    = "{x:Type src:Division}"                                ItemsSource = "{Binding Path=Teams}">        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/>      </HierarchicalDataTemplate>      <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type src:Team}">        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/>      </DataTemplate>    </DockPanel.Resources>    <Menu Name="menu1" DockPanel.Dock="Top" Margin="10,10,10,10">        <MenuItem Header="My Soccer Leagues"                  ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource MyList}}" />    </Menu>    <TreeView>      <TreeViewItem ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource MyList}}" Header="My Soccer Leagues" />    </TreeView>  </DockPanel></Window>

这个例子的数据源是一个分层的List对象，下面一个例子的数据源是一个XML文件，大体相同，不同的地方是需要先实例化一个XmlDataProvider用来获取XML的内容，绑定的时候用的不是Path，而是XPath属性，给控件绑定属性的时候属性名加@(加@的是属性Attribute 不加的是子级元素)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><Data xmlns="">  <Grade Name="初一">    <Class Name="1班">      <Group Name="1-1-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="1-1-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="1-1-3组"></Group>    </Class>    <Class Name="2班">      <Group Name="1-2-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="1-2-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="1-2-3组"></Group>    </Class>    <Class Name="3班">      <Group Name="1-3-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="1-3-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="1-3-3组"></Group>    </Class>  </Grade>  <Grade Name="初二">    <Class Name="21班">      <Group Name="2-1-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="2-1-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="2-1-3组"></Group>    </Class>    <Class Name="22班">      <Group Name="2-2-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="2-2-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="2-2-3组"></Group>    </Class>    <Class Name="23班">      <Group Name="2-3-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="2-3-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="2-3-3组"></Group>    </Class>  </Grade>  <Grade Name="初三">    <Class Name="31班">      <Group Name="3-1-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="3-1-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="3-1-3组"></Group>    </Class>    <Class Name="32班">      <Group Name="3-2-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="3-2-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="3-2-3组"></Group>    </Class>    <Class Name="33班">      <Group Name="3-3-1组"></Group>      <Group Name="3-3-2组"></Group>      <Group Name="3-3-3组"></Group>    </Class>  </Grade></Data>

<XmlDataProvider x:Key="Data2" Source="Data.xml" XPath="Data/Grade"/>        <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Grade" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath= Class}">            <TextBlock Text="{Binding XPath=@Name}"/>        </HierarchicalDataTemplate>        <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Class" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Group}">            <RadioButton Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}" GroupName="gr"/>        </HierarchicalDataTemplate>        <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Group" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Student}">            <CheckBox Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}"/>        </HierarchicalDataTemplate>

<TreeView Margin="5" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource Data2}}"></TreeView>

也试过递归方式给TreeView添加节点

void LoadXmlToTree(XElement root,TreeViewItem item)        {            if (root != null)            {                foreach (XElement xe in root.Elements())                {                    TreeViewItem item2 = new TreeViewItem();                    item2.Header = xe.Attribute("Name").Value.ToString();                    item.Items.Add(item2);                    LoadXmlToTree(xe,item2);                }            }        }

明显不如模板使用起来方便，但是现在的理解还处于初级阶段，只是简单的套使用方法，知其然，不知其所以然，还有待更进一步的理解，毕竟真正理解透了，原理清楚了，才能更灵活的应用。

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