RSA加密与SHA签名用法详解

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基础知识


  1. 什么是RSA?
    答:RSA是一种非对称加密算法,常用来对传输数据进行加密, 配合上数字摘要算法,也可以进行文字签名。

  2. 2.RSA加密中padding?
    答:padding即填充方式,由于RSA加密算法中要加密的明文是要比模数小的,padding就是通过一些填充方式来限制明文的长度。后面会详细介绍padding的几种模式以及分段加密。

  3. 加密和加签有什么区别?
    答:加密:公钥放在客户端,并使用公钥对数据进行加密,服务端拿到数据后用私钥进行解密;
    加签:私钥放在客户端,并使用私钥对数据进行加签,服务端拿到数据后用公钥进行验签。
    前者完全为了加密;后者主要是为了防恶意攻击,防止别人模拟我们的客户端对我们的服务器进行攻击,导致服务器瘫痪。


基本原理

RSA使用“密钥对”对数据进行加密解密,在加密解密前需要先生 存公钥(Public Key)和私钥(Private Key)。
公钥(Public key): 用于加密数据. 用于公开, 一般存放在数据提供方, 例如iOS客户端。
私钥(Private key): 用于解密数据. 必须保密, 私钥泄露会造成安全问题。
iOS中的Security.framework提供了对RSA算法的支持,这种方式需要对密匙对进行处理, 根据public key生成证书, 通过private key生成p12格式的密匙。想想jave直接用字符串进行加密解密简单多了。(⊙o⊙)…


实战

证书生成
RSA加密这块公钥、私钥必不可少的。Apple是不支持直接使用字符串进行加密解密的,推荐使用p12文件。这边教大家去生成在加密中使用到的所有文件,并提供给Java使用。

 - 生成模长为1024bit的私钥   openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024 - 生成certification require file   openssl req -new -key private_key.pem -out rsaCertReq.csr - 生成certification 并指定过期时间   openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in rsaCertReq.csr -signkey private_key.pem -out rsaCert.crt - 生成公钥供iOS使用   openssl x509 -outform der -in rsaCert.crt -out public_key.der - 生成私钥供iOS使用 这边会让你输入密码,后期用到在生成secKeyRef的时候会用到这个密码   openssl pkcs12 -export -out private_key.p12 -inkey private_key.pem -in rsaCert.crt - 生成pem结尾的公钥供Java使用   openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -out rsa_public_key.pem -pubout - 生成pem结尾的私钥供Java使用   openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -in private_key.pem -out pkcs8_private_key.pem -nocrypt

生成公钥和私钥的secKeyRef

//根据你的p12文件生成私钥对应的SecKeyRef 这边返回若是nil 请检查你p12文件的生成步骤- (SecKeyRef)getPrivateKeyRefrenceFromData:(NSData*)p12Data password:(NSString*)password {SecKeyRef privateKeyRef = NULL;NSMutableDictionary * options = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];[options setObject: password forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);OSStatus securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef) p12Data, (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)options, &items);if (securityError == noErr && CFArrayGetCount(items) > 0) {    CFDictionaryRef identityDict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items, 0);    SecIdentityRef identityApp = (SecIdentityRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(identityDict, kSecImportItemIdentity);    securityError = SecIdentityCopyPrivateKey(identityApp, &privateKeyRef);    if (securityError != noErr) {        privateKeyRef = NULL;    }}CFRelease(items);return privateKeyRef;}

//根据你的der文件公钥对应的SecKeyRef - (SecKeyRef)getPublicKeyRefrenceFromeData:    (NSData*)derData {SecCertificateRef myCertificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(kCFAllocatorDefault, (__bridge CFDataRef)derData);SecPolicyRef myPolicy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();SecTrustRef myTrust;OSStatus status = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(myCertificate,myPolicy,&myTrust);SecTrustResultType trustResult;if (status == noErr) {    status = SecTrustEvaluate(myTrust, &trustResult);}SecKeyRef securityKey = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(myTrust);CFRelease(myCertificate);CFRelease(myPolicy);CFRelease(myTrust);return securityKey;}

加密与解密

- (NSData*)rsaEncryptData:(NSData*)data {    SecKeyRef key = [self getPublicKey];    size_t cipherBufferSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(key);    uint8_t *cipherBuffer = malloc(cipherBufferSize * sizeof(uint8_t));    size_t blockSize = cipherBufferSize - 11;      size_t blockCount = (size_t)ceil([data length] / (double)blockSize);      NSMutableData *encryptedData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];    for (int i=0; i<blockCount; i++) {    unsigned long bufferSize = MIN(blockSize , [data length] - i * blockSize);    NSData *buffer = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(i * blockSize, bufferSize)];    OSStatus status = SecKeyEncrypt(key, kSecPaddingPKCS1, (const uint8_t *)[buffer bytes], [buffer length], cipherBuffer, &cipherBufferSize);    if (status != noErr) {        return nil;    }    NSData *encryptedBytes = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:(const void *)cipherBuffer length:cipherBufferSize];    [encryptedData appendData:encryptedBytes];    }  if (cipherBuffer){    free(cipherBuffer);  }  return encryptedData;  }

- (NSData*)rsaDecryptData:(NSData*)data {SecKeyRef key = [self getPrivatKey];size_t cipherBufferSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(key);size_t blockSize = cipherBufferSize;size_t blockCount = (size_t)ceil([data length] / (double)blockSize);NSMutableData *decryptedData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];for (int i = 0; i < blockCount; i++) {    unsigned long bufferSize = MIN(blockSize , [data length] - i * blockSize);    NSData *buffer = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(i * blockSize, bufferSize)];    size_t cipherLen = [buffer length];    void *cipher = malloc(cipherLen);    [buffer getBytes:cipher length:cipherLen];    size_t plainLen = SecKeyGetBlockSize(key);    void *plain = malloc(plainLen);    OSStatus status = SecKeyDecrypt(key, kSecPaddingPKCS1, cipher, cipherLen, plain, &plainLen);    if (status != noErr) {        return nil;    }    NSData *decryptedBytes = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:(const void *)plain length:plainLen];    [decryptedData appendData:decryptedBytes];}return decryptedData;}

RSA加密中的Padding

  1. RSA_PKCS1_PADDING 填充模式,最常用的模式
    要求: 输入:必须 比 RSA 钥模长(modulus) 短至少11个字节, 也就是 RSA_size(rsa) – 11 如果输入的明文过长,必须切割,然后填充。
    输出:和modulus一样长
    根据这个要求,对于1024bit的密钥,block length = 1024/8 – 11 = 117 字节

  2. RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING
    输入:RSA_size(rsa) – 41
    输出:和modulus一样长

  3. RSA_NO_PADDING  不填充
    输入:可以和RSA钥模长一样长,如果输入的明文过长,必须切割, 然后填充
    输出:和modulus一样长


签名与验证

//对数据进行sha256签名  - (NSData *)rsaSHA256SignData:(NSData *)plainData {  SecKeyRef key = [self getPrivatKey];  size_t signedHashBytesSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(key);  uint8_t* signedHashBytes = malloc(signedHashBytesSize);  memset(signedHashBytes, 0x0, signedHashBytesSize);  size_t hashBytesSize = CC_SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH;  uint8_t* hashBytes = malloc(hashBytesSize);  if (!CC_SHA256([plainData bytes], (CC_LONG)[plainData length], hashBytes)) {    return nil;}       SecKeyRawSign(key,              kSecPaddingPKCS1SHA256,              hashBytes,              hashBytesSize,              signedHashBytes,              &signedHashBytesSize);    NSData* signedHash = [NSData dataWithBytes:signedHashBytes                                    length:(NSUInteger)signedHashBytesSize];    if (hashBytes)    free(hashBytes);    if (signedHashBytes)    free(signedHashBytes);    return signedHash;    }

//这边对签名的数据进行验证 验签成功,则返回YES    - (BOOL)rsaSHA256VerifyData:(NSData *)plainData     withSignature:(NSData *)signature {    SecKeyRef key = [self getPublicKey];    size_t signedHashBytesSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(key);    const void* signedHashBytes = [signature bytes];    size_t hashBytesSize = CC_SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH;    uint8_t* hashBytes = malloc(hashBytesSize);    if (!CC_SHA256([plainData bytes], (CC_LONG)[plainData length], hashBytes)) {       return NO;    }      OSStatus status = SecKeyRawVerify(key,                                  kSecPaddingPKCS1SHA256,                                  hashBytes,                                  hashBytesSize,                                  signedHashBytes,                                  signedHashBytesSize);    return status == errSecSuccess;    }
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