OpenCV_(2):常用数据结构和函数

首先介绍几个常用的结构体：

Point2f p(6,2); //二维点Point3f p3f(8,2,0); //三维点vector<float> v;vector<Point2f> Points(20);

接下来就是几个常用的类和常用函数：

Point：二维点，三维点等Scalar：颜色的表示，RGBA四个元素Size：尺寸的表示，宽和高Rect：矩形的表示,(x,y,width,height)颜色空间转换：cvtColor()函数防止内存溢出的函数：alignPtr、alignSize、allocate、deallocate、fastMalloc、fastFree等RNG()函数的作用为初始化随机数的生成器<math.h>里很多函数不错：  计算向量角度的函数fastAtan2  计算立方根的函数cubeRoot  向上取整函数cvCeil  向下取整函数cvFloor  四舍五入函数cvRound  判断自变量是否无穷大cvIsInf  判断自变量是否不是一个数cvIsNaN

在OpenCV中有绘制各种图形的函数：

DrawEllipse()  //绘制椭圆DrawFilledCircle() //绘制实心圆DrawPolygon()  //绘制凹多边形DrawLine()  //绘制线

下面是OpenCV3编程入门里面的一些图形绘制程序

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】-----//          描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间//-------------------------------------------------------------#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>using namespace cv;//此程序对于OpenCV3版需要额外包含头文件：#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------//      描述：定义一些辅助宏 //-------------------------------------------------------------#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏//--------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】------------//      描述：全局函数声明//-------------------------------------------------------------void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle );//绘制椭圆void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );//绘制圆void DrawPolygon( Mat img );//绘制多边形void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );//绘制线段//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----//          描述：输出一些帮助信息//-------------------------------------------------------------void ShowHelpText(){    //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本    printf("\n\n\t\t\t非常感谢购买《OpenCV3编程入门》一书！\n");    printf("\n\n\t\t\t此为本书OpenCV3版的第20个配套示例程序\n");    printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION );    printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");}//---------------------------------------【main( )函数】--------//      描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行//-------------------------------------------------------------int main( void ){    // 创建空白的Mat图像    Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );    ShowHelpText();    // ---------------------<1>绘制化学中的原子示例图--------------    //【1.1】先绘制出椭圆    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 90 );    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 0 );    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 45 );    DrawEllipse( atomImage, -45 );    //【1.2】再绘制圆心    DrawFilledCircle( atomImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2) );    // ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------    //【2.1】先绘制出椭圆    DrawPolygon( rookImage );    // 【2.2】绘制矩形    rectangle( rookImage,        Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),        Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),        -1,        8 );    // 【2.3】绘制一些线段    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ) );    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );    // ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像-------------    imshow( WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage );    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200 );    imshow( WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage );    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200 );    waitKey( 0 );    return(0);}//-------------------------------【DrawEllipse( )函数】---------//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了绘制不同角度、相同尺寸的椭圆//-------------------------------------------------------------void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle ){    int thickness = 2;    int lineType = 8;    ellipse( img,        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2 ),        Size( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),        angle,        0,        360,        Scalar( 255, 129, 0 ),        thickness,        lineType );}//-----------------------------------【DrawFilledCircle( )函数】---------------------------//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了实心圆的绘制//-------------------------------------------------------------void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center ){    int thickness = -1;    int lineType = 8;    circle( img,        center,        WINDOW_WIDTH/32,        Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),        thickness,        lineType );}//-----------------------------------【DrawPolygon( )函数】-----//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了凹多边形的绘制//-------------------------------------------------------------void DrawPolygon( Mat img ){    int lineType = 8;    //创建一些点    Point rookPoints[1][20];    rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );    rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );    rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );    rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );    rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );    rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );    rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );    rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );    rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );    const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };    int npt[] = { 20 };    fillPoly( img,        ppt,        npt,        1,        Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),        lineType );}//-----------------------------------【DrawLine( )函数】--------//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了线的绘制//-------------------------------------------------------------void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end ){    int thickness = 2;    int lineType = 8;    line( img,        start,        end,        Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),        thickness,        lineType );}