JAVA 文件IO简单总结

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1) I/O

读写流,一定是Blocking的。

效率较好的用法是,使用Buffer。例如BufferReader,每次先读取指定大小的内容到Buffer中,而不是每次读取一个字节

读取文件代码例:

String line = null;try(BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("filename"))) {;while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {// do something}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} 

Stream的家族十分庞大,下图是搜索到的一个较全的概括

 

另附PrintWriter和Filewriter的对比:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5759925/printwriter-vs-filewriter-in-java

2)NIO

※使用FileChannel读取文件,无法按行读取,但是可以获取/指定当前位置(Position)

RandomAccessFile aFile = new RandomAccessFile("filename", "r");        FileChannel inChannel = aFile.getChannel();        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);        while(inChannel.read(buffer) > 0)        {            // 转换到读取模式            buffer.flip();                        // 处理Buffer                        // clear或者compact            buffer.clear();        }        inChannel.close();        aFile.close();

与read对应的Write方法负责写入

ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(48);buf.clear();buf.put(newData.getBytes());buf.flip();while(buf.hasRemaining()) {    channel.write(buf);}

读取大文件,可以使用内存映射的MapperedByteBuffer,内存映射不直接将文件读入物理内存

RandomAccessFile aFile = new RandomAccessFile("filename", "r");FileChannel inChannel = aFile.getChannel();MappedByteBuffer buffer = inChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());buffer.load();// Do Somethingbuffer.clear();inChannel.close();aFile.close();


NIO提供Path接口代替File类,并且提供Paths、Files工具类方便操作

例如,读取小文件的所有内容,只需以下步骤:

Path path = Paths.get("filepath");new String(Files.readAllBytes(path), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);


AsynchronousFileChannel可以实现异步读取,通过Future或者CompletionHandler控制

fileChannel.read方法返回一个Future,在执行完成后operation.isDone()将会返回true

AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel =     AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, StandardOpenOption.READ);ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);long position = 0;Future<Integer> operation = fileChannel.read(buffer, position);while(!operation.isDone());buffer.flip();byte[] data = new byte[buffer.limit()];buffer.get(data);System.out.println(new String(data));buffer.clear();


当read方法获取到CompletionHandler参数后,将在读取完成时回调completed方法

fileChannel.read(buffer, position, buffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {    @Override    public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {        System.out.println("result = " + result);        attachment.flip();        byte[] data = new byte[attachment.limit()];        attachment.get(data);        System.out.println(new String(data));        attachment.clear();    }    @Override    public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {    }});



参考文章:

http://blog.csdn.net/yczz/article/details/38761237

http://www.cnblogs.com/xubenben/p/4424398.html

http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-nio/index.html

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