Spring学习总结(13)——Spring+Log4j+ActiveMQ实现远程记录日志

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应用场景

随着项目的逐渐扩大,日志的增加也变得更快。Log4j是常用的日志记录工具,在有些时候,我们可能需要将Log4j的日志发送到专门用于记录日志的远程服务器,特别是对于稍微大一点的应用。这么做的优点有:

  • 可以集中管理日志 :可以把多台服务器上的日志都发送到一台日志服务器上,方便管理、查看和分析
  • 可以减轻服务器的开销 :日志不在服务器上了,因此服务器有更多可用的磁盘空间
  • 可以提高服务器的性能 :通过异步方式,记录日志时服务器只负责发送消息,不关心日志记录的时间和位置,服务器甚至不关心日志到底有没有记录成功

远程打印日志的原理:项目A需要打印日志,而A调用Log4j来打印日志,Log4j的JMSAppender又给配置的地址(ActiveMQ地址)发送一条JMS消息,此时绑定在Queue上的项目B的监听器发现有消息到来,于是立即唤醒监听器的方法开始输出日志。

本文将使用两个Java项目Product和Logging,其中Product项目就是模拟线上的项目,而Logging项目模拟运行在专用的日志服务器上的项目。说明:本文的例子是在Windows平台下。

安装ActiveMQ

1. 下载: http://activemq.apache.org/download.html

2. 解压后不需要任何配置,进入到bin下对应的系统架构文件夹

3. 双击activemq.bat启动,如果看到类似下面的页面,就代表activemq启动好了:

然后打开浏览器,输入地址:http://localhost:8161进入管理页面,用户名admin,密码admin:

可以点击Manage ActiveMQ broker进入Queue的查看界面。

实战

我用Maven来管理项目,方便维护各种依赖的jar包。先看下项目结构:

项目不复杂,主要是4个文件:pom.xml,Main.java,log4j.properties和jndi.properties

pom.xml中主要是声明项目的依赖包,其余没有什么东西了:

<!-- Use to call write log methods --><dependency>    <groupId>log4j</groupId>    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>    <version>1.2.17</version></dependency><!-- Log4j uses this lib --><dependency>    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>    <version>1.7.13</version></dependency><!-- Spring jms lib --><dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>    <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- ActiveMQ lib --><dependency>    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>    <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>    <version>5.7.0</version></dependency>

Main.java:

package com.demo.product;import javax.jms.Connection;import javax.jms.Destination;import javax.jms.Message;import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;import javax.jms.MessageListener;import javax.jms.Session;import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;public class Main implements MessageListener {    public Main() throws Exception {        // create consumer and listen queue        ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory =                 new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");        Connection connection = factory.createConnection();        Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);        connection.start();        //////////////注意这里JMSAppender只支持TopicDestination,下面会说到////////////////        Destination topicDestination = session.createTopic("logTopic");        MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topicDestination);        consumer.setMessageListener(this);        // log a message        Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class);        logger.info("Info Log.");        logger.warn("Warn Log");        logger.error("Error Log.");        // clean up        Thread.sleep(1000);        consumer.close();        session.close();        connection.close();        System.exit(1);    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        new Main();    }    public void onMessage(Message message) {        try {            // receive log event in your consumer            LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();            System.out.println("Received log [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage());        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

说明:然后是log4j.properties:

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, jms## Be sure that ActiveMQ messages are not logged to 'jms' appenderlog4j.logger.org.apache.activemq=INFO, stdoutlog4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppenderlog4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %-5p %c - %m%n## Configure 'jms' appender. You'll also need jndi.properties file in order to make it worklog4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppenderlog4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactorylog4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopiclog4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory

其实按理说只需要这么三个文件就可以了,但是这时候执行会报错:

javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: logTopic    at org.apache.activemq.jndi.ReadOnlyContext.lookup(ReadOnlyContext.java:235)    at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(Unknown Source)    at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.lookup(JMSAppender.java:245)    at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.activateOptions(JMSAppender.java:222)    at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.activate(PropertySetter.java:307)        ...    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.<clinit>(ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.java:39)    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:84)    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:137)    at com.demo.product.Main.<init>(Main.java:20)    at com.demo.product.Main.main(Main.java:43)

为什么会报错呢?来看看JMSAppender的javadoc文档,它是这么描述的:

大意是说,JMSAppender需要一个jndi配置来初始化一个JNDI上下文(Context)。因为有了这个上下文才能管理JMS Topic和topic的连接。于是为项目配置一个叫jndi.properties的文件,其内容为:

topic.logTopic=logTopic

然后再运行就不会报错了。我们先来看看ActiveMQ(注意切换到Topic标签页下):

可以看到,主题为logTopic的消息,有3条进Queue,这3条也出Queue了。而出Queue的消息,已经被我们的监听器收到并打印出来了:

Spring整合

需要注意的是,本例只是一个很简单的例子,目的是阐明远程打印日志的原理。实际项目中,一般日志服务器上运行着的,不是项目,而是专用的日志记录器。下面,我们就把这个项目拆分成两个项目,并用Spring来管理这些用到的Bean

修改Product项目

修改后的Product的项目结构并没有改变,改变的只是Main类:

package com.demo.product;import org.apache.log4j.Logger;public class Main{    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main.class);    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        // just log a message        logger.info("Info Log.");        logger.warn("Warn Log");        logger.error("Error Log.");        System.exit(0);    }}

这个Main类和普通的logger调用一样,仅仅负责打印日志。有没有觉得太简单了呢?

Logging项目

来看看项目结构图:

为了让监听器一直活着,我把Logging写成了一个Web项目,跑在Tomcat上。index.jsp就是个Hello World字符串而已,用来验证Logging活着。注意, 在Logging项目中,已没有Product项目中的log4j.properties和jndi.properties两个文件 。

来看看另外几个文件:

pom.xml(每个包的目的都写在注释里了):

<!-- Use to cast object to LogEvent when received a log --><dependency>    <groupId>log4j</groupId>    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>    <version>1.2.17</version></dependency><!-- Use to receive jms message --><dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>    <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- Use to load spring.xml --><dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>    <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- ActiveMQ lib --><dependency>    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>    <artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>    <version>5.7.0</version></dependency>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" ><web-app>    <context-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>    </context-param>    <!-- Use to load spring.xml -->    <listener>        <listener-class>            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener        </listener-class>    </listener>    <welcome-file-list>        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>    </welcome-file-list></web-app>

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">    <bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">        <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"/>    </bean>    <bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.SingleConnectionFactory">        <property name="targetConnectionFactory" ref="targetConnectionFactory"/>    </bean>    <bean id="targetConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">        <property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616"/>    </bean><!-- As JMSAppender only support the topic way to send messages,      thus queueDestination here is useless.    <bean id="queueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">        <constructor-arg name="name" value="queue" />    </bean> -->    <bean id="topicDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic">        <constructor-arg name="name" value="logTopic" />    </bean>    <bean id="jmsContainer" class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer">        <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" />         <!-- <property name="destination" ref="queueDestination" />  -->         <property name="destination" ref="topicDestination" />         <property name="messageListener" ref="logMessageListener" />    </bean>    <bean id="logMessageListener" class="com.demo.logging.LogMessageListener"/></beans>

logMessageListener指向我们自己实现的日志消息处理逻辑类,topicDestination则关注topic为“logTopic”的消息,而jmsContainer把这两个对象绑在一起,这样就能接收并处理消息了。

最后就是伟大的监听器了LogMessageListener了:

package com.demo.logging;import javax.jms.Message;import javax.jms.MessageListener;import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;public class LogMessageListener implements MessageListener {    public void onMessage(Message message) {        try {            // receive log event in your consumer            LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();            System.out.println("Logging project: [" + event.getLevel() + "]: "+ event.getMessage());        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

哈哈,说伟大,其实太简单了。但是可以看到,监听器里面就是之前Product项目中Main类里面移除的实现了MessageListener接口中的代码。

测试

在执行测试前,删掉ActiveMQ中所有的Queue,确保测试效果。

先运行Logging项目,开始Queue的监听。再运行Product的Main类的main函数,可以先看到Main类打印到控制台的日志:

接下来去看看Queue中的情况:

可以看到有个叫logTopic的主题的消息,进了3条,出了3条。不用想,出Queue的3条日志已经被Logging项目的Listener接收并打印出来了,现在去看看Tomcat的控制台:

还要注意Queue中的logTopic的Consumer数量为1而不是0,这与开始的截图不同。我们都知道这个Consumer是Logging项目中的LogMessageListener对象,它一直活着,是因为Tomcat一直活着;之前的Consumer数量为0,是因为在main函数执行完后,Queue的监听器(也是写日志的对象)就退出了。

通过把Product和Logging项目分别放在不同的机器上执行,在第三台机器上部署ActiveMQ(当然你可以把ActiveMQ搭建在任意可以访问的地方),再配置一下Product项目的log4j.properties文件和Logging项目的spring.xml文件就能用于生产环境啦。

JMSAppender类的分析

JMSAppender类将LoggingEvent实例序列化成ObjectMessage,并将其发送到JMS Server的一个指定Topic中, 因此,使用此种将日志发送到远程的方式只支持Topic方式发送,不支持Queue方式发送。 我们再log4j.properties中配置了这一句:

log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender

这一句指定了使用的Appender,打开这个Appender,在里面可以看到很多setter,比如:

这些setter不是巧合,而正是对应了我们在log4j.properties中设置的其他几个选项:

log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactorylog4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopiclog4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory

来看看JMSAppender的activeOptions方法,这个方法是用于使我们在log4j.properties中的配置生效的:

/** * Options are activated and become effective only after calling this method. */public void activateOptions() {    TopicConnectionFactory topicConnectionFactory;    try {        Context jndi;        LogLog.debug("Getting initial context.");        if (initialContextFactoryName != null) {            Properties env = new Properties();            env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, initialContextFactoryName);            if (providerURL != null) {                env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, providerURL);            } else {                LogLog.warn("You have set InitialContextFactoryName option but not the "                        + "ProviderURL. This is likely to cause problems.");            }            if (urlPkgPrefixes != null) {                env.put(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, urlPkgPrefixes);            }            if (securityPrincipalName != null) {                env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, securityPrincipalName);                if (securityCredentials != null) {                    env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, securityCredentials);                } else {                    LogLog.warn("You have set SecurityPrincipalName option but not the "                            + "SecurityCredentials. This is likely to cause problems.");                }            }            jndi = new InitialContext(env);        } else {            jndi = new InitialContext();        }        LogLog.debug("Looking up [" + tcfBindingName + "]");        topicConnectionFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) lookup(jndi, tcfBindingName);        LogLog.debug("About to create TopicConnection.");        ///////////////////////////////注意这里只会创建TopicConnection////////////////////////////        if (userName != null) {            topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection(userName, password);        } else {            topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection();        }        LogLog.debug("Creating TopicSession, non-transactional, " + "in AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE mode.");        topicSession = topicConnection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);        LogLog.debug("Looking up topic name [" + topicBindingName + "].");        Topic topic = (Topic) lookup(jndi, topicBindingName);        LogLog.debug("Creating TopicPublisher.");        topicPublisher = topicSession.createPublisher(topic);        LogLog.debug("Starting TopicConnection.");        topicConnection.start();        jndi.close();    } catch (JMSException e) {        errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,                ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);    } catch (NamingException e) {        errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,                ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);    } catch (RuntimeException e) {        errorHandler.error("Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "].", e,                ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);    }}

上面初始化了一个TopicConnection,一个TopicSession,一个TopicPublisher。咱们再来看看这个Appender的append方法:

/** * This method called by {@link AppenderSkeleton#doAppend} method to do most * of the real appending work. */public void append(LoggingEvent event) {    if (!checkEntryConditions()) {        return;    }    try {        ObjectMessage msg = topicSession.createObjectMessage();        if (locationInfo) {            event.getLocationInformation();        }        msg.setObject(event);        topicPublisher.publish(msg);///////////////注意这一句//////////////    } catch (JMSException e) {        errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].",             e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);    } catch (RuntimeException e) {        errorHandler.error("Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "].",             e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);    }}

这里使用TopicPublisher.publish()方法,把序列化的消息发布出去。可见这也证明了JMSAppender只支持以Topic方式发送消息。

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