spring单例和多例详解的实验，以及如何使用多例模式

原文：http://www.tuicool.com/articles/RzIvAj

spring生成对象默认是单例的。通过scope属性可以更改为多例。

<bean id="user" class="modle.User" scope="prototype">  </bean>

现在又这么一种情况.

User类调用一个service， 这个service又调用一个tool。

有时我们希望User是多例的，service是单例的，而tool又是多例的。

很自然地想法是配置文件这些写

<bean id="user" class="modle.User" scope="prototype">    <property name="service" ref="userservice"></property>  </bean>    <bean id="userservice" class="service.userService" >    <property name="tool" ref="tool"></property>  </bean>    <bean id="tool" class="service.ToolImpl" scope="prototype"></bean>

但是这种写法是错误的！ 不能使用spring的自动注入！

由于service是单例的，所以这种方法的结果是：User多例，service和tool都是单例。（为什么？）

官网文档：

4.5.3 Singleton beans with prototype-bean dependenciesWhen you use singleton-scoped beans with dependencies on prototype beans, be aware that dependencies are resolved at instantiation time. Thus if you dependency-inject a prototype-scoped bean into a singleton-scoped bean, a new prototype bean is instantiated and then dependency-injected into the singleton bean. The prototype instance is the sole instance that is ever supplied to the singleton-scoped bean.However, suppose you want the singleton-scoped bean to acquire a new instance of the prototype-scoped bean repeatedly at runtime. You cannot dependency-inject a prototype-scoped bean into your singleton bean, because that injection occurs only once, when the Spring container is instantiating the singleton bean and resolving and injecting its dependencies. If you need a new instance of a prototype bean at runtime more than once, see Section 4.4.6, “Method injection”

正确的写法是，是每次调用tool时都生成一个新的tool对象。但是我们又不能手动new一个，要借助BeanFactory

public class User {  private userService service;  private int age;  private Date date;  private String name;  public int getAge() {    return age;  }  public void setAge(int age) {    this.age = age;  }  public Date getDate() {    return date;  }  public void setDate(Date date) {    this.date = date;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  public userService getService() {    return service;  }  public void setService(userService service) {    this.service = service;  }  }

UserService 通过实现 BeanFactoryAware 接口来获得factory

由于不使用spring的自动注入，set方法要去掉！

public class userService implements BeanFactoryAware{    private Tool tool;  private BeanFactory factory;  public void service(){    this.tool = (Tool)factory.getBean("tool");    System.out.println(this+":service");    tool.work();  }  public Tool getTool() {        return tool;  }//public void setTool(Tool tool) {////this.tool = (Tool)factory.getBean("tool");//}  public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory f) throws BeansException {    factory = f;  }  }

配置文件，不能再使用注入。因此要把tool对象的注入去掉！

<bean id="user" class="modle.User" scope="prototype">    <property name="service" ref="userservice"></property>  </bean>    <bean id="userservice" class="service.userService" >  </bean>    <bean id="tool" class="service.ToolImpl" scope="prototype"></bean>

public interface Tool {  public void work();}

public class ToolImpl implements Tool{  public void work() {    System.out.println(this+":Tool Work");  }  }

测试类：

public class Test {  public static void main(String[] args) {    ClassPathResource res = new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml");    XmlBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(res);    User user = (User)factory.getBean("user");    User user2 =  (User)factory.getBean("user");        System.out.println(user);    user.getService().service();    System.out.println();    System.out.println(user2);    user2.getService().service();  }}

Output:

[e-mail]@19e15c:serviceservice.ToolImpl@11a75a2:Tool Work

[e-mail]@19e15c:serviceservice.ToolImpl@170888e:Tool Work