php+中文分词scws+sphinx+mysql打造千万级数据全文搜索

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Sphinx是由俄罗斯人Andrew Aksyonoff开发的一个全文检索引擎。意图为其他应用提供高速、低空间占用、高结果 相关度的全文搜索功能。Sphinx可以非常容易的与SQL数据库和脚本语言集成。当前系统内置MySQL和PostgreSQL 数据库数据源的支持,也支持从标准输入读取特定格式 的XML数据。
Sphinx创建索引的速度为:创建100万条记录的索引只需3~4分钟,创建1000万条记录的索引可以在50分钟内完成,而只包含最新10万条记录的增量索引,重建一次只需几十秒。
Sphinx的特性如下:
a)  高速的建立索引(在当代CPU上,峰值性能可达到10 MB/秒);
b)  高性能的搜索(在2 – 4GB 的文本数据上,平均每次检索响应时间小于0.1秒);
c)  可处理海量数据(目前已知可以处理超过100 GB的文本数据, 在单一CPU的系统上可处理100 M 文档);
d)  提供了优秀的相关度算法,基于短语相似度和统计(BM25)的复合Ranking方法;
e)  支持分布式搜索;
f)  支持短语搜索
g)  提供文档摘要生成
h)  可作为MySQL的存储引擎提供搜索服务;
i)  支持布尔、短语、词语相似度等多种检索模式;
j)  文档支持多个全文检索字段(最大不超过32个);
k)  文档支持多个额外的属性信息(例如:分组信息,时间戳等);
l)  支持断词;
虽然mysql的MYISAM提供全文索引,但是性能却不敢让人恭维


开始搭建

系统环境:centos6.5+php5.6+apache+mysql

1、安装依赖包

yum -y install make gcc g++ gcc-c++ libtool autoconf automake imake php-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel expat-devel

2、安装Sphinx
yum install expat expat-develwget -c http://sphinxsearch.com/files/sphinx-2.0.7-release.tar.gztar zxvf sphinx-2.0.7-release.tar.gzcd sphinx-2.0.7-release./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sphinx  --with-mysql --with-libexpat --enable-id64make && make install

3、安装libsphinxclient,php扩展用到

cd api/libsphinxclient./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sphinx/libsphinxclientmake && make install

4、安装Sphinx的PHP扩展:我的是5.6需装sphinx-1.3.3.tgz,如果是php5.4以下可sphinx-1.3.0.tgz

wget -c http://pecl.php.net/get/sphinx-1.3.3.tgztar zxvf sphinx-1.3.3.tgzcd sphinx-1.3.3phpize./configure --with-sphinx=/usr/local/sphinx/libsphinxclient/ --with-php-config=/usr/bin/php-configmake && make install成功后会提示:Installing shared extensions:     /usr/lib64/php/modules/echo "[Sphinx]" >> /etc/php.iniecho "extension = sphinx.so" >> /etc/php.ini#重启apacheservice httpd restart

5、创建测试数据

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `items` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,  `content` text NOT NULL,  `created` datetime NOT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='全文检索测试的数据表' AUTO_INCREMENT=11 ;INSERT INTO `items` (`id`, `title`, `content`, `created`) VALUES(1, 'linux mysql集群安装', 'MySQL Cluster 是MySQL 适合于分布式计算环境的高实用、可拓展、高性能、高冗余版本', '2016-09-07 00:00:00'),(2, 'mysql主从复制', 'mysql主从备份(复制)的基本原理 mysql支持单向、异步复制,复制过程中一个服务器充当主服务器,而一个或多个其它服务器充当从服务器', '2016-09-06 00:00:00'),(3, 'hello', 'can you search me?', '2016-09-05 00:00:00'),(4, 'mysql', 'mysql is the best database?', '2016-09-03 00:00:00'),(5, 'mysql索引', '关于MySQL索引的好处,如果正确合理设计并且使用索引的MySQL是一辆兰博基尼的话,那么没有设计和使用索引的MySQL就是一个人力三轮车', '2016-09-01 00:00:00'),(6, '集群', '关于MySQL索引的好处,如果正确合理设计并且使用索引的MySQL是一辆兰博基尼的话,那么没有设计和使用索引的MySQL就是一个人力三轮车', '0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(9, '复制原理', 'redis也有复制', '0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(10, 'redis集群', '集群技术是构建高性能网站架构的重要手段,试想在网站承受高并发访问压力的同时,还需要从海量数据中查询出满足条件的数据,并快速响应,我们必然想到的是将数据进行切片,把数据根据某种规则放入多个不同的服务器节点,来降低单节点服务器的压力', '0000-00-00 00:00:00');CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `sph_counter` (  `counter_id` int(11) NOT NULL,  `max_doc_id` int(11) NOT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`counter_id`)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='增量索引标示的计数表';



以下采用"Main + Delta" ("主索引"+"增量索引")的索引策略,使用Sphinx自带的一元分词。

6、Sphinx配置:注意修改数据源配置信息

vi /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.confsource items {    type = mysql    sql_host = localhost    sql_user = root    sql_pass = 123456    sql_db = sphinx_items        sql_query_pre = SET NAMES utf8    sql_query_pre = SET SESSION query_cache_type = OFF    sql_query_pre = REPLACE INTO sph_counter SELECT 1, MAX(id) FROM items        sql_query_range = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM items \                            WHERE id<=(SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1)    sql_range_step = 1000    sql_ranged_throttle = 1000    sql_query = SELECT id, title, content, created, 0 as deleted FROM items \                    WHERE id<=(SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1) \                                AND id >= $start AND id <= $end          sql_attr_timestamp = created    sql_attr_bool = deleted}source items_delta : items {    sql_query_pre = SET NAMES utf8    sql_query_range = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM items \                            WHERE id > (SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1)    sql_query = SELECT id, title, content, created, 0 as deleted FROM items \                    WHERE id>( SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1 ) \                        AND id >= $start AND id <= $end    sql_query_post_index = set @max_doc_id :=(SELECT max_doc_id FROM sph_counter WHERE counter_id=1)    sql_query_post_index = REPLACE INTO sph_counter SELECT 2, IF($maxid, $maxid, @max_doc_id)}#主索引index items {    source = items    path = /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/items    docinfo = extern    morphology = none    min_word_len = 1    min_prefix_len = 0    html_strip = 1    html_remove_elements = style, script    ngram_len = 1    ngram_chars = U+3000..U+2FA1F    charset_type = utf-8    charset_table = 0..9, A..Z->a..z, _, a..z, U+410..U+42F->U+430..U+44F, U+430..U+44F    preopen = 1   min_infix_len = 1}#增量索引index items_delta : items {    source = items_delta    path = /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/items-delta}#分布式索引index master {    type = distributed    local = items    local = items_delta}indexer {    mem_limit = 256M}searchd {    listen                   = 9312    listen                   = 9306:mysql41 #Used for SphinxQL    log                      = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/searchd.log    query_log          = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/query.log    compat_sphinxql_magics   = 0    attr_flush_period             = 600    mva_updates_pool   = 16M    read_timeout           = 5    max_children           = 0    dist_threads             = 2     pid_file                    = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/searchd.pid    max_matches          = 1000    seamless_rotate       = 1    preopen_indexes     = 1    unlink_old               = 1    workers                  = threads # for RT to work    binlog_path            = /usr/local/sphinx/var/data}
保存退出

7、Sphinx创建索引

#第一次需重建索引:[root@localhost bin]# ./indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --allSphinx 2.0.7-id64-release (r3759)Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew AksyonoffCopyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)using config file '/usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf'...indexing index 'items'...collected 8 docs, 0.0 MBsorted 0.0 Mhits, 100.0% donetotal 8 docs, 1121 bytestotal 1.017 sec, 1101 bytes/sec, 7.86 docs/secindexing index 'items_delta'...collected 0 docs, 0.0 MBtotal 0 docs, 0 bytestotal 1.007 sec, 0 bytes/sec, 0.00 docs/secskipping non-plain index 'master'...total 4 reads, 0.000 sec, 0.7 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avgtotal 14 writes, 0.001 sec, 0.5 kb/call avg, 0.1 msec/call avg#启动sphinx[root@localhost bin]# ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.confSphinx 2.0.7-id64-release (r3759)Copyright (c) 2001-2012, Andrew AksyonoffCopyright (c) 2008-2012, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)using config file '/usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf'...listening on all interfaces, port=9312listening on all interfaces, port=9306precaching index 'items'precaching index 'items_delta'rotating index 'items_delta': successprecached 2 indexes in 0.012 sec#查看进程[root@localhost bin]# ps -ef | grep searchdroot     30431     1  0 23:59 ?        00:00:00 ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.confroot     30432 30431  0 23:59 ?        00:00:00 ./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.confroot     30437  1490  0 23:59 pts/0    00:00:00 grep searchd#停止Searchd:./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --stop#查看Searchd状态:./searchd -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --status


索引更新及使用说明
"增量索引"每N分钟更新一次.通常在每天晚上低负载的时进行一次索引合并,同时重新建立"增量索引"。当然"主索引"数据不多的话,也可以直接重新建立"主索引"。
API搜索的时,同时使用"主索引"和"增量索引",这样可以获得准实时的搜索数据.本文的Sphinx配置将"主索引"和"增量索引"放到分布式索引master中,因此只需查询分布式索引"master"即可获得全部匹配数据(包括最新数据)。

索引的更新与合并的操作可以放到cron job完成:
crontab -e*/1 * * * *  /usr/local/sphinx/shell/delta_index_update.sh0 3 * * *    /usr/local/sphinx/shell/merge_daily_index.shcrontab -l


cron job所用的shell脚本例子:

delta_index_update.sh:
#!/bin/bash/usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --rotate items_delta > /dev/null 2>&1
merge_daily_index.sh:
#!/bin/bashindexer=`which indexer`mysql=`which mysql`QUERY="use sphinx_items;select max_doc_id from sph_counter where counter_id = 2 limit 1;"index_counter=$($mysql -h192.168.1.198 -uroot -p123456 -sN -e "$QUERY")#merge "main + delta" indexes$indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --rotate --merge items items_delta --merge-dst-range deleted 0 0 >> /usr/local/sphinx/var/index_merge.log 2>&1if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then    ##update sphinx counter    if [ ! -z $index_counter ]; then        $mysql -h192.168.1.198 -uroot -p123456 -Dsphinx_items -e "REPLACE INTO sph_counter VALUES (1, '$index_counter')"    fi    ##rebuild delta index to avoid confusion with main index    $indexer -c /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf --rotate items_delta >> /usr/local/sphinx/var/rebuild_deltaindex.log 2>&1fi

8、php中文分词scws安装:注意扩展的版本和php的版本

wget -c http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-1.2.3.tar.bz2tar jxvf scws-1.2.3.tar.bz2cd scws-1.2.3./configure --prefix=/usr/local/scwsmake && make install

9、scws的PHP扩展安装:

cd ./phpextphpize ./configuremake && make installecho "[scws]" >> /etc/php.iniecho "extension = scws.so" >> /etc/php.iniecho "scws.default.charset = utf-8" >> /etc/php.iniecho "scws.default.fpath = /usr/local/scws/etc/" >> /etc/php.ini

10、词库安装:
wget http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2tar jxvf scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/scws/etc/chown www:www /usr/local/scws/etc/dict.utf8.xdb

11、php使用Sphinx+scws测试例子
在Sphinx源码API中,有好几种语言的API调用.其中有一个是sphinxapi.php。
不过以下的测试使用的是Sphinx的PHP扩展.具体安装见本文开头的Sphinx安装部分。
测试用的搜索类Search.php:注意修改getDBConnection()信息为自己的

<?phpclass Search {    /**     * @var SphinxClient     **/    protected $client;    /**     * @var string    **/    protected $keywords;    /**     * @var resource    **/    private static $dbconnection = null;        /**     * Constructor     **/    public function __construct($options = array()) {        $defaults = array(            'query_mode' => SPH_MATCH_EXTENDED2,            'sort_mode' => SPH_SORT_EXTENDED,            'ranking_mode' => SPH_RANK_PROXIMITY_BM25,            'field_weights' => array(),            'max_matches' => 1000,            'snippet_enabled' => true,            'snippet_index' => 'items',            'snippet_fields' => array(),         );        $this->options = array_merge($defaults, $options);        $this->client = new SphinxClient();//$this->client->setServer("192.168.1.198", 9312);        $this->client->setMatchMode($this->options['query_mode']);        if ($this->options['field_weights'] !== array()) {            $this->client->setFieldWeights($this->options['field_weights']);        }        /*        if ( in_array($this->options['query_mode'], [SPH_MATCH_EXTENDED2,SPH_MATCH_EXTENDED]) ) {            $this->client->setRankingMode($this->options['ranking_mode']);        }        */    }       /**     * Query     *     * @param string  $keywords     * @param integer $offset     * @param integer $limit     * @param string  $index     * @return array     **/    public function query($keywords, $offset = 0, $limit = 10, $index = '*') {        $this->keywords = $keywords;        $max_matches = $limit > $this->options['max_matches'] ? $limit : $this->options['max_matches'];        $this->client->setLimits($offset, $limit, $max_matches);        $query_results = $this->client->query($keywords, $index);        if ($query_results === false) {            $this->log('error:' . $this->client->getLastError());        }                       $res = [];        if ( empty($query_results['matches']) ) {            return $res;        }        $res['total'] = $query_results['total'];        $res['total_found'] = $query_results['total_found'];        $res['time'] = $query_results['time'];        $doc_ids = array_keys($query_results['matches']);        unset($query_results);        $res['data'] = $this->fetch_data($doc_ids);        if ($this->options['snippet_enabled']) {            $this->buildExcerptRows($res['data']);        }                return $res;    }        /**     * custom sorting      *      * @param string $sortBy     * @param int $mode     * @return bool     **/    public function setSortBy($sortBy = '', $mode = 0) {        if ($sortBy) {            $mode = $mode ?: $this->options['sort_mode'];            $this->client->setSortMode($mode, $sortBy);        } else {            $this->client->setSortMode(SPH_SORT_RELEVANCE);        }    }        /**     * fetch data based on matched doc_ids     *      * @param array $doc_ids     * @return array     **/        protected function fetch_data($doc_ids) {        $ids = implode(',', $doc_ids);        $queries = self::getDBConnection()->query("SELECT * FROM items WHERE id in ($ids)", PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);        return iterator_to_array($queries);    }        /**     * build excerpts for data     *      * @param array $rows     * @return array     **/     protected function buildExcerptRows(&$rows) {        $options = array(            'before_match' => '<b style="color:red">',            'after_match'  => '</b>',            'chunk_separator' => '...',            'limit'    => 256,            'around'   => 3,            'exact_phrase' => false,            'single_passage' => true,            'limit_words' => 5,        );        $scount = count($this->options['snippet_fields']);        foreach ($rows as &$row) {            foreach ($row as $fk => $item) {                if (!is_string($item) || ($scount && !in_array($fk, $this->options['snippet_fields'])) ) continue;                $item = preg_replace('/[\r\t\n]+/', '', strip_tags($item));                $res = $this->client->buildExcerpts(array($item), $this->options['snippet_index'], $this->keywords, $options);                $row[$fk] = $res === false ? $item : $res[0];            }        }                return $rows;    }        /**     * database connection     *     * @return resource     **/     private static function getDBConnection() {        $dsn = 'mysql:host=192.168.1.198;dbname=sphinx_items';        $user = 'root';        $pass = '123456';        if (!self::$dbconnection) {            try {                self::$dbconnection = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);            } catch (PDOException $e) {                die('Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage());            }        }        return self::$dbconnection;    }    /**     * Chinese words segmentation     *     **/    public function wordSplit($keywords) {        $fpath = ini_get('scws.default.fpath');        $so = scws_new();        $so->set_charset('utf-8');        $so->add_dict($fpath . '/dict.utf8.xdb');        //$so->add_dict($fpath .'/custom_dict.txt', SCWS_XDICT_TXT);        $so->set_rule($fpath . '/rules.utf8.ini');        $so->set_ignore(true);        $so->set_multi(false);        $so->set_duality(false);        $so->send_text($keywords);        $words = [];        $results =  $so->get_result();        foreach ($results as $res) {            $words[] = '(' . $res['word'] . ')';        }        $words[] = '(' . $keywords . ')';        return join('|', $words);    }        /**     * get current sphinx client     *     * @return resource     **/    public function getClient() {        return $this->client;    }    /**     * log error     **/    public function log($msg) {        // log errors here        //echo $msg;    }        /**     * magic methods     **/    public function __call($method, $args) {        $rc = new ReflectionClass('SphinxClient');        if ( !$rc->hasMethod($method) ) {            throw new Exception('invalid method :' . $method);        }        return call_user_func_array(array($this->client, $method), $args);    }}

测试文件test.php:

<?phprequire('Search.php');$s = new Search([        'snippet_fields' => ['title', 'content'],        'field_weights' => ['title' => 20, 'content' => 10],    ]);$s->setSortMode(SPH_SORT_EXTENDED, 'created desc,@weight desc');//$s->setSortBy('created desc,@weight desc');$words = $s->wordSplit("mysql集群");//先分词 结果:(mysql)|(mysql集群)//print_r($words);exit;$res = $s->query($words, 0, 10, 'master');echo '<pre/>';print_r($res);

测试结果:



12、SphinxQL测试

要使用SphinxQL需要在Searchd的配置里面增加相应的监听端口(参考上文配置)。

[root@localhost bin]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P9306 -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 2.0.7-id64-release (r3759)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show global variables;+----------------------+---------+| Variable_name        | Value   |+----------------------+---------+| autocommit           | 1       || collation_connection | libc_ci || query_log_format     | plain   || log_level            | info    |+----------------------+---------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> desc items;+---------+-----------+| Field   | Type      |+---------+-----------+| id      | bigint    || title   | field     || content | field     || created | timestamp || deleted | bool      |+---------+-----------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from master where match ('mysql集群') limit 10;+------+---------+---------+| id   | created | deleted |+------+---------+---------+|    1 |    2016 |       0 ||    6 |       0 |       0 |+------+---------+---------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show meta;+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| total         | 2     || total_found   | 2     || time          | 0.006 || keyword[0]    | mysql || docs[0]       | 5     || hits[0]       | 15    || keyword[1]    | 集    || docs[1]       | 3     || hits[1]       | 4     || keyword[2]    | 群    || docs[2]       | 3     || hits[2]       | 4     |+---------------+-------+12 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>



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