Android提高之Android手机与BLE终端通信

最近穿戴设备发展得很火，把相关技术也带旺了，其中一项是BLE（Bluetooth Low Energy）。BLE是蓝牙4.0的核心Profile，主打功能是快速搜索，快速连接，超低功耗保持连接和传输数据，弱点是数据传输速率低，由于BLE的低功耗特点，因此普遍用于穿戴设备。Android 4.3才开始支持BLE API，所以请各位客官把本文代码运行在蓝牙4.0和Android 4.3及其以上的系统，另外本文所用的BLE终端是一个蓝牙4.0的串口蓝牙模块。

注：笔者的i9100刷了4.4系统后，竟然也能跟BLE蓝牙模块通信。

BLE分为三部分Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，这三部分都由UUID作为唯一标示符。一个蓝牙4.0的终端可以包含多个Service，一个Service可以包含多个Characteristic，一个Characteristic包含一个Value和多个Descriptor，一个Descriptor包含一个Value。一般来说，Characteristic是手机与BLE终端交换数据的关键，Characteristic有较多的跟权限相关的字段，例如PERMISSION和PROPERTY，而其中最常用的是PROPERTY，本文所用的BLE蓝牙模块竟然没有标准的Characteristic的PERMISSION。Characteristic的PROPERTY可以通过位运算符组合来设置读写属性，例如READ|WRITE、READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY，因此读取PROPERTY后要分解成所用的组合（本文代码已含此分解方法）。

本文代码改自Android 4.3 Sample的BluetoothLeGatt，把冗余代码去掉，获取的BLE设备信息都通过Log，还有一些必要的读写蓝牙方法，应该算是简化到大家一看就可以懂了。本文完整代码可以点击此处本站下载。

接下来贴出本文运行的结果，首先是连接BLE设备后，枚举出设备所有Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，并且手机会往Characteristic uuid=0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb写入“send data->”字符串，BLE终端收到数据通过串口传到PC串口助手：
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a05-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:INDICATE
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY|
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:26.025: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharRead BLE DEVICE read 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> 00
这里红字是由BluetoothGattCallback的onCharacteristicRead()回调而打出Log

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以下Log是PC上的串口工具通过BLE模块发送过来，由BluetoothGattCallback的 onCharacteristicChanged（）打出Log
04-21 18:30:18.260: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:18.745: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.085: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.350: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.605: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.835: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.055: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.320: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.510: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.735: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:21.000: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

接下来贴出本文核心代码：

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publicclassDeviceScanActivity extendsListActivity {

 privatefinalstatic String TAG = DeviceScanActivity.class.getSimpleName();

 privatefinalstatic String UUID_KEY_DATA = "0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";

 

  privateLeDeviceListAdapter mLeDeviceListAdapter;

  /**搜索BLE终端*/

  privateBluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

  /**读写BLE终端*/

  privateBluetoothLeClass mBLE;

  privatebooleanmScanning;

  privateHandler mHandler;

 

  // Stops scanning after 10 seconds.

  privatestaticfinal long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;

 

  @Override

  publicvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    getActionBar().setTitle(R.string.title_devices);

    mHandler = newHandler();

    // Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device. Then you can

    // selectively disable BLE-related features.

    if(!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {

      Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

      finish();

    }

    // Initializes a Bluetooth adapter. For API level 18 and above, get a reference to

    // BluetoothAdapter through BluetoothManager.

    finalBluetoothManager bluetoothManager =

        (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

    mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

    // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.

    if(mBluetoothAdapter == null) {

      Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

      finish();

      return;

    }

    //开启蓝牙

    mBluetoothAdapter.enable();

    mBLE = newBluetoothLeClass(this);

    if(!mBLE.initialize()) {

      Log.e(TAG,"Unable to initialize Bluetooth");

      finish();

    }

    //发现BLE终端的Service时回调

    mBLE.setOnServiceDiscoverListener(mOnServiceDiscover);

    //收到BLE终端数据交互的事件

    mBLE.setOnDataAvailableListener(mOnDataAvailable);

  }

  @Override

  protectedvoidonResume() {

    super.onResume();

 

    // Initializes list view adapter.

    mLeDeviceListAdapter = newLeDeviceListAdapter(this);

    setListAdapter(mLeDeviceListAdapter);

    scanLeDevice(true);

  }

  @Override

  protectedvoidonPause() {

    super.onPause();

    scanLeDevice(false);

    mLeDeviceListAdapter.clear();

    mBLE.disconnect();

  }

  @Override

  protectedvoidonStop() {

    super.onStop();

    mBLE.close();

  }

  @Override

  protectedvoidonListItemClick(ListView l, View v, intposition,longid) {

    finalBluetoothDevice device = mLeDeviceListAdapter.getDevice(position);

    if(device == null)return;

    if(mScanning) {

      mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

      mScanning = false;

    }

    mBLE.connect(device.getAddress());

  }

  privatevoidscanLeDevice(finalbooleanenable) {

    if(enable) {

      // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.

      mHandler.postDelayed(newRunnable() {

        @Override

        publicvoidrun() {

          mScanning = false;

          mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

          invalidateOptionsMenu();

        }

      }, SCAN_PERIOD);

      mScanning = true;

      mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

    }else{

      mScanning = false;

      mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

    }

    invalidateOptionsMenu();

  }

  /**

   * 搜索到BLE终端服务的事件

   */

  privateBluetoothLeClass.OnServiceDiscoverListener mOnServiceDiscover = newOnServiceDiscoverListener(){

 

 @Override

 publicvoidonServiceDiscover(BluetoothGatt gatt) {

  displayGattServices(mBLE.getSupportedGattServices());

 }

  };

  /**

   * 收到BLE终端数据交互的事件

   */

  privateBluetoothLeClass.OnDataAvailableListener mOnDataAvailable = newOnDataAvailableListener(){

   /**

   * BLE终端数据被读的事件

   */

 @Override

 publicvoidonCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,

  BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, intstatus) {

  if(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS)

  Log.e(TAG,"onCharRead "+gatt.getDevice().getName()

   +" read "

   +characteristic.getUuid().toString()

   +" -> "

   +Utils.bytesToHexString(characteristic.getValue()));

 }

   /**

   * 收到BLE终端写入数据回调

   */

 @Override

 publicvoidonCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,

  BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {

  Log.e(TAG,"onCharWrite "+gatt.getDevice().getName()

   +" write "

   +characteristic.getUuid().toString()

   +" -> "

   +newString(characteristic.getValue()));

 }

  };

  // Device scan callback.

  privateBluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =

      newBluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {

    @Override

    publicvoidonLeScan(finalBluetoothDevice device, intrssi,byte[] scanRecord) {

      runOnUiThread(newRunnable() {

        @Override

        publicvoidrun() {

          mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);

          mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

        }

      });

    }

  };

  privatevoiddisplayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {

    if(gattServices == null)return;

    for(BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {

     //-----Service的字段信息-----//

     inttype = gattService.getType();

      Log.e(TAG,"-->service type:"+Utils.getServiceType(type));

      Log.e(TAG,"-->includedServices size:"+gattService.getIncludedServices().size());

      Log.e(TAG,"-->service uuid:"+gattService.getUuid());

       

      //-----Characteristics的字段信息-----//

      List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =gattService.getCharacteristics();

      for(finalBluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic: gattCharacteristics) {

        Log.e(TAG,"---->char uuid:"+gattCharacteristic.getUuid());

        intpermission = gattCharacteristic.getPermissions();

        Log.e(TAG,"---->char permission:"+Utils.getCharPermission(permission));

        intproperty = gattCharacteristic.getProperties();

        Log.e(TAG,"---->char property:"+Utils.getCharPropertie(property));

        byte[] data = gattCharacteristic.getValue();

     if(data != null&& data.length > 0) {

      Log.e(TAG,"---->char value:"+newString(data));

     }

     //UUID_KEY_DATA是可以跟蓝牙模块串口通信的Characteristic

     if(gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString().equals(UUID_KEY_DATA)){     

      //测试读取当前Characteristic数据，会触发mOnDataAvailable.onCharacteristicRead()

      mHandler.postDelayed(newRunnable() {

            @Override

            publicvoidrun() {

             mBLE.readCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);

            }

          },500);

      //接受Characteristic被写的通知,收到蓝牙模块的数据后会触发mOnDataAvailable.onCharacteristicWrite()

      mBLE.setCharacteristicNotification(gattCharacteristic,true);

      //设置数据内容

      gattCharacteristic.setValue("send data->");

      //往蓝牙模块写入数据

      mBLE.writeCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);

     }

     //-----Descriptors的字段信息-----//

  List<BluetoothGattDescriptor> gattDescriptors = gattCharacteristic.getDescriptors();

  for(BluetoothGattDescriptor gattDescriptor : gattDescriptors) {

   Log.e(TAG,"-------->desc uuid:" + gattDescriptor.getUuid());

   intdescPermission = gattDescriptor.getPermissions();

   Log.e(TAG,"-------->desc permission:"+ Utils.getDescPermission(descPermission));

   byte[] desData = gattDescriptor.getValue();

   if(desData != null&& desData.length > 0) {

   Log.e(TAG,"-------->desc value:"+newString(desData));

   }

      }

      }

    }//

  }

}

感兴趣的读者可以动手测试一下代码的运行情况，希望能对大家的Android项目开发有所帮助。

分享一个集成目前主流蓝牙的demo、android蓝牙4.0开发、项目中使用到了搜索BLE终端和读写BLE终端、另外还有在程序里面开房蓝牙、在Demo里面还处理了收到BLE终端数据交互的事件、代码里都有中文注释、要读性应该非常好的、应该会对开发有一定帮助、有兴趣的哥们可以下载看看

onCreate代码

@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    getActionBar().setTitle(R.string.title_devices);    mHandler = new Handler();    // Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device.  Then you can    // selectively disable BLE-related features.    if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {        Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        finish();    }    // Initializes a Bluetooth adapter.  For API level 18 and above, get a reference to    // BluetoothAdapter through BluetoothManager.    final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =            (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);    mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.    if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {        Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        finish();        return;    }    //开启蓝牙    mBluetoothAdapter.enable();        mBLE = new BluetoothLeClass(this);    if (!mBLE.initialize()) {        Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize Bluetooth");        finish();    }    //发现BLE终端的Service时回调    mBLE.setOnServiceDiscoverListener(mOnServiceDiscover);    //收到BLE终端数据交互的事件    mBLE.setOnDataAvailableListener(mOnDataAvailable);}

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收到BLE终端数据交互的事件

/** * 收到BLE终端数据交互的事件 */private BluetoothLeClass.OnDataAvailableListener mOnDataAvailable = new OnDataAvailableListener(){    /**     * BLE终端数据被读的事件     */    @Override    public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,            BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS)             Log.e(TAG,"onCharRead " gatt.getDevice().getName()                     " read "                     characteristic.getUuid().toString()                     " -> "                     Utils.bytesToHexString(characteristic.getValue()));    }        /**     * 收到BLE终端写入数据回调     */    @Override    public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,            BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {        Log.e(TAG,"onCharWrite " gatt.getDevice().getName()                 " write "                 characteristic.getUuid().toString()                 " -> "                 new String(characteristic.getValue()));    }};

最后给贴上Demo的源代码、希望对大家有用、有兴趣的哥们可以下载看看