设计模式(2)_代理模式 ————— 控制对象访问

来源:互联网 发布:电脑网络配置怎么设置 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/03 21:11

设计模式(2)_代理模式 ————— 控制对象访问

一、动机 需求
现在有这样一个需求:有一个出版社,该出版社有一个工厂,专门用来生产制造图书,该工厂里有很多台生产制造图书的机器。每个机器有自己的位置坐标,用 int表示,机器的状态,{正在工作,暂停,故障},已经印刷了多少页图书。在出版社 在工厂 厂长的电脑屏幕上,可以随时打印出任何一台机器的报告信息(report infomation)。
下来  我们用代码实现这个需求:

PrinterMachine.java
package com.crg;public class PrinterMachine {        //打印机位置,及第几台打印机        private int location;        //打印机当前的打印页数        private int pages;        //打印机当前的状态        private int state;        public PrinterMachine(int location, int state, int pages){                this.pages = pages;                this.location = location;                this.state = state;        }        public int getLocation(){                return location;        }        public int getPages(){                return pages;        }        public int getState(){                return state;        }}

打印机类,可以获得该打印机的位置信息,当前页数,当前状态;
---------------------------------------------

 PrinterMonitor.javapackage com.crg;import com.crg.PrinterMachine;public class PrinterMonitor{        private PrinterMachine printerMachine;        public PrinterMonitor(PrinterMachine printerMachine ){                this.printerMachine = printerMachine;        }        public void report(){                System.out.println("the PrinterMachine location is :" + printerMachine.getLocation());                System.out.println("the PrinterMachine state is :" + printerMachine.getState());                System.out.println("the PrinterMachine pages is :" + printerMachine.getPages());        }}

打印机监控类,可以打印出 那个位置的打印机的当前信息,并生成报告
---------------------------------------------

PrinterMonitorTest.javapackage com.crg;import com.crg.PrinterMachine;import com.crg.PrinterMonitor;public class PrinterMonitorTest{        public static void main(String args[]){                if(args.length < 3){                        System.out.println("the args must be three or more");                        System.exit(1);                }                int location = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                int state = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);                int pages = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);                PrinterMachine printerMachine = new PrinterMachine(location, state, pages);                PrinterMonitor printerMonitor = new PrinterMonitor(printerMachine);                printerMonitor.report();        }}

---------------------------------------------
测试类,从命令行窗口,接受三个参数,分别为 打印机位置,打印机当前状态,当前打印页数
运行效果如下:

crg@crg-pc:~/my_learning/code/proxypattern$ javac  com/crg/PrinterMonitorTest.javacrg@crg-pc:~/my_learning/code/proxypattern$ java  com/crg/PrinterMonitorTest 12 1 1126the PrinterMachine location is :12the PrinterMachine state is :1the PrinterMachine pages is :1126

二、新的需求
一中的实现是在,同一台电脑,同一个JVM 上运行的,现在  又有一个新的需求,打印机PrinterMachine.java 运行在工厂的 JVM 上,而厂长要在 自己的办公室里,查看打印机监察器(PrinterMonitor.java)的 打印报告,即 打印机监察器运行在,厂长办公室的JVM上。但是呢,要想获得,打印机的详细信息报告,就必须把 PrinterMachine.java 对象传给 PrinterMonitor.java,打印机监察器才能生成报告。
解决办法如下:
不需要修改之前的代码,把远程PrinterMachine.java 在本地的代理对象 交给打印机监察器,把这个打印机在本地的代理对象(proxy),当做真正的 PrinterMachine.java 对象,其实一切的动作,是,代理对象利用网络和真正的打印机对象沟通.

这里写图片描述

三、利用java 内置 JAVA RMI 实现远程访问
1、制作远程接口

package com.crg;import java.rmi.Remote;import java.rmi.RemoteException;public interface MyRemote extends Remote {    public String sayHello() throws RemoteException;}

2、制作远程服务实现

package com.crg;import java.rmi.Naming;import java.rmi.RemoteException;import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;public class MyRemoteImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements MyRemote {    /**     *      */    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;    protected MyRemoteImpl() throws RemoteException {        super();    }    @Override    public String sayHello() throws RemoteException {        return "Server says 'Hey'";    }    public static void amin(String[] args) {        try {            MyRemote service = new MyRemoteImpl();            Naming.rebind("RemoteHello", service);        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

3、产生 Stub(客户辅助对象,也就是远程服务对象的代理),Skeleton(服务辅助对象)
使用如下命令即可:

-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  600  717 17:25 MyRemoteImpl.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  153  717 17:25 MyRemote.javacrg@crg-pc:~/my_learning/code/com/crg$ javac MyRemoteImpl.javacrg@crg-pc:~/my_learning/code/com/crg$ rmic -keep -v1.1 MyRemoteImplcrg@crg-pc:~/my_learning/code/com/crg$ lltotal 40drwxrwxr-x 2 crg crg 4096  717 17:31 ./drwxrwxr-x 3 crg crg 4096  717 16:16 ../-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  215  717 17:31 MyRemote.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  771  717 17:31 MyRemoteImpl.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  600  717 17:25 MyRemoteImpl.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 1362  717 17:31 MyRemoteImpl_Skel.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 1260  717 17:31 MyRemoteImpl_Skel.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 1604  717 17:31 MyRemoteImpl_Stub.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 1566  717 17:31 MyRemoteImpl_Stub.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  153  717 17:25 MyRemote.java

4、实现客户端

import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.rmi.Naming;import java.rmi.NotBoundException;import java.rmi.RemoteException;public class MyRemoteClient {    public static void main(String[] args) {        new MyRemoteClient().go();    }    public void go(){        MyRemote service = null;        try {            service = (MyRemote) Naming.lookup("rmi://10.0.0.54/RemoteHello");        } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        } catch (RemoteException e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        } catch (NotBoundException e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        }        String result = null;        try {            result = service.sayHello();        } catch (RemoteException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        System.out.println("the result is: " + result);    }}

5、开启一个终端 执行 rmiregistry
6、启动远程服务

crg@crg-pc:~/my_learning/code/com/crg$ java MyRemoteImpl

7、启动客户端
结果如下:

crg@crg-pc:~/Desktop/client$ java MyRemoteClientthe result is: Server says 'Hey'crg@crg-pc:~/Desktop/client$ 

已经成功实现了 客户端远程调用  服务器端的  方法了
贴出rmic 自动生成的 MyRemoteImpl_Stub.java 和 MyRemoteImpl_Skel.java 的代码

// Stub class generated by rmic, do not edit.// Contents subject to change without notice.public final class MyRemoteImpl_Stub    extends java.rmi.server.RemoteStub    implements MyRemote, java.rmi.Remote{    private static final java.rmi.server.Operation[] operations = {        new java.rmi.server.Operation("java.lang.String sayHello()")    };    private static final long interfaceHash = 6486744599627128933L;    // constructors    public MyRemoteImpl_Stub() {        super();    }    public MyRemoteImpl_Stub(java.rmi.server.RemoteRef ref) {        super(ref);    }    // methods from remote interfaces    // implementation of sayHello()    public java.lang.String sayHello()        throws java.rmi.RemoteException    {        try {            java.rmi.server.RemoteCall call = ref.newCall((java.rmi.server.RemoteObject) this, operations, 0, interfaceHash);            ref.invoke(call);            java.lang.String $result;            try {                java.io.ObjectInput in = call.getInputStream();                $result = (java.lang.String) in.readObject();            } catch (java.io.IOException e) {                throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("error unmarshalling return", e);            } catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {                throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("error unmarshalling return", e);            } finally {                ref.done(call);            }            return $result;        } catch (java.lang.RuntimeException e) {            throw e;        } catch (java.rmi.RemoteException e) {            throw e;        } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {            throw new java.rmi.UnexpectedException("undeclared checked exception", e);        }    }}
// Skeleton class generated by rmic, do not edit.// Contents subject to change without notice.public final class MyRemoteImpl_Skel    implements java.rmi.server.Skeleton{    private static final java.rmi.server.Operation[] operations = {        new java.rmi.server.Operation("java.lang.String sayHello()")    };    private static final long interfaceHash = 6486744599627128933L;    public java.rmi.server.Operation[] getOperations() {        return (java.rmi.server.Operation[]) operations.clone();    }    public void dispatch(java.rmi.Remote obj, java.rmi.server.RemoteCall call, int opnum, long hash)        throws java.lang.Exception    {        if (hash != interfaceHash)            throw new java.rmi.server.SkeletonMismatchException("interface hash mismatch");        MyRemoteImpl server = (MyRemoteImpl) obj;        switch (opnum) {        case 0: // sayHello()        {            call.releaseInputStream();            java.lang.String $result = server.sayHello();            try {                java.io.ObjectOutput out = call.getResultStream(true);                out.writeObject($result);            } catch (java.io.IOException e) {                throw new java.rmi.MarshalException("error marshalling return", e);            }            break;        }        default:            throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("invalid method number");        }    }}

四、用远程代理 来改写开始那个图书工厂的例子;

源码地址:

https://github.com/aloe-all/proxy_design_pattern

先看一个逻辑思路图:

这里写图片描述

如上图所示,我们先实现,远程服务端的 打印机对象 PrinterMachine

package com.crg;import java.rmi.Remote;import java.rmi.RemoteException;/** * 远程接口 * @author crg * 方法的返回类型都必须是 可序列化的,因为要在网络传输 * */public interface PrinterMachineRemote extends Remote {    public int getCount() throws RemoteException;    public int getLocation() throws RemoteException;    public State getState() throws RemoteException;}
package com.crg;import java.io.Serializable;/** * 打印机的状态接口,把此接口序列化,所有的实现类中的 State 就可以在网络上传送了 * @author crg * */public interface State extends Serializable {    public int getStateInfo();}
package com.crg;/** *  * State 的一个实现类,正常状态 * @author crg * */public class NormalState implements State {    /**     * PrinterMachineRemote 对象的引用,可以调用 PrinterMachine 的方法;     * transient 修饰 PrinterMachine,告诉 JVM 不要实例化该字段     */    private transient PrinterMachineRemote mPrinterMachineRemote;    @Override    public int getStateInfo() {        //0 代表正常状态        return 0;    }}
package com.crg;import java.rmi.RemoteException;import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;public class PrinterMachine extends UnicastRemoteObject implements PrinterMachineRemote {    //打印机位置,及第几台打印机    private int location;    //打印机当前的打印页数    private int pages;    //打印机当前的状态    private State state;    protected PrinterMachine(int location, State state, int pages) throws RemoteException {        super();        this.pages = pages;        this.location = location;        this.state = state;    }    @Override    public int getCount() throws RemoteException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return pages;    }    @Override    public int getLocation() throws RemoteException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return location;    }    @Override    public State getState() throws RemoteException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        return state;    }}

打印机服务已经完成了。现在我们需要将它开启,好开始接受请求,首先我们要确保将他注册到 RMI registry中,好让客户端可以找到它。
服务端代码:

import java.rmi.Naming;public class PrinterMachinePort{        public static void main(String args[]){            PrinterMachine currentMachine;            int currentPages;                if(args.length < 2){                        System.out.println("the args must be two or more");                        System.exit(1);                }                int currentMachineLocation = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                currentPages = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);                try {                    currentMachine = new PrinterMachine(currentMachineLocation, currentPages);                    Naming.rebind(currentMachineLocation + "_PrinterMachine", currentMachine);                } catch (Exception e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }        }}

本地客户端代码:

package com.crg;import java.rmi.RemoteException;/** * 本地客户端监控器,运行在厂长办公室的jvm上,监控工厂的打印机 *  * @author crg * */public class PrinterMonitor{        private PrinterMachineRemote printerMachineRemote;        public PrinterMonitor(PrinterMachineRemote printerMachineRemote ){                this.printerMachineRemote = printerMachineRemote;        }        public void report(){                try {                    System.out.println("the PrinterMachine state is :" + printerMachineRemote.getState().getStateInfo());                    System.out.println("the PrinterMachine location is :" + printerMachineRemote.getLocation());                    System.out.println("the PrinterMachine pages is :" + printerMachineRemote.getCount());                } catch (RemoteException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }        }}

客户端测试程序代码:

import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.rmi.Naming;import java.rmi.NotBoundException;import java.rmi.RemoteException;/** * 监视器测试程序 * 厂长会执行这个程序,就可以得到 ,打印机报告 * @author crg * */public class PrinterMachineClientTest {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //远程打印机 名称数组        String[] location = {"rmi://10.0.0.54/10_PrinterMachine", "rmi://10.0.0.54/20_PrinterMachine", "rmi://10.0.0.54/30_PrinterMachine"};        PrinterMonitor[] printerMonitors = new PrinterMonitor[location.length];        for (int i = 0; i < location.length; i++) {            try {                //获得远程打印机对象,实际上得到的是远程呢个 打印机的代理 stub                PrinterMachineRemote printerMachineRemote = (PrinterMachineRemote) Naming.lookup(location[i]);                printerMonitors[i] = new PrinterMonitor(printerMachineRemote);            } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        for (int i = 0; i < printerMonitors.length; i++) {            //打印报告            printerMonitors[i].report();        }    }}

编译源码

crg@crg-pc:~/workspace/RemotePrinterMachine/src/com/crg$ javac PrinterMachinePort.java

利用 java rmic 生成 代理对象

crg@crg-pc:~/workspace/RemotePrinterMachine/src/com/crg$ rmic -keep -v1.1 PrinterMachinecrg@crg-pc:~/workspace/RemotePrinterMachine/src/com/crg$ lltotal 72drwxrwxr-x 2 crg crg 4096  723 16:52 ./drwxrwxr-x 3 crg crg 4096  721 21:33 ../-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  327  723 16:50 NormalState.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  437  723 16:11 NormalState.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  677  723 16:50 PrinterMachine.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 1089  723 16:44 PrinterMachineClientTest.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  908  723 16:49 PrinterMachine.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 1110  723 16:51 PrinterMachinePort.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  745  723 16:40 PrinterMachinePort.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  295  723 16:50 PrinterMachineRemote.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  383  723 16:11 PrinterMachineRemote.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 1634  723 16:52 PrinterMachine_Skel.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 2006  723 16:52 PrinterMachine_Skel.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 2092  723 16:52 PrinterMachine_Stub.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg 3190  723 16:52 PrinterMachine_Stub.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  821  723 16:11 PrinterMonitor.java-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  148  723 16:50 State.class-rw-rw-r-- 1 crg crg  249  723 16:11 State.java

启动 rmiregistry 服务

crg@crg-pc:~/workspace/RemotePrinterMachine/src/com/crg$ rmiregistry

新开命令行窗口,启动远程打印机,启动三个不同的 打印机 服务:
这里写图片描述

这里写图片描述

crg@crg-pc:~/workspace/RemotePrinterMachine/src/com/crg$ java PrinterMachinePort 10 100crg@crg-pc:~/workspace/RemotePrinterMachine/src/com/crg$ java PrinterMachinePort 20 2000crg@crg-pc:~/workspace/RemotePrinterMachine/src/com/crg$ java PrinterMachinePort 30 300

然后 我在另一台 笔记本上,模拟本地客户端,笔记本上运行的是另一个 jvm 请求的是 台式机的 PrinterMachine 服务
结果如下:
这里写图片描述

这里写图片描述

本地客户端,也就是厂长的 笔记本上拿到了 打印机工厂的 打印机的 信息,远程 通过网络调用成功。
事实上 PrinterMachineClientTest.java 调用的是 PrinterMachine 在本地的 代理 PrinterMachine_Stub 来完成远程交互的。
通过调用代理的方法,远程调用可以跨过网络,返回字符串、数组、和State对象。因为我们使用的是代理,调用那方法会在远程执行。

java rmi 生成的代理文件 如下:

// Stub class generated by rmic, do not edit.// Contents subject to change without notice.public final class PrinterMachine_Stub    extends java.rmi.server.RemoteStub    implements PrinterMachineRemote, java.rmi.Remote{    private static final java.rmi.server.Operation[] operations = {    new java.rmi.server.Operation("int getCount()"),    new java.rmi.server.Operation("int getLocation()"),    new java.rmi.server.Operation("State getState()")    };    private static final long interfaceHash = -5260438444927807617L;    // constructors    public PrinterMachine_Stub() {    super();    }    public PrinterMachine_Stub(java.rmi.server.RemoteRef ref) {    super(ref);    }    // methods from remote interfaces    // implementation of getCount()    public int getCount()    throws java.rmi.RemoteException    {    try {        java.rmi.server.RemoteCall call = ref.newCall((java.rmi.server.RemoteObject) this, operations, 0, interfaceHash);        ref.invoke(call);        int $result;        try {        java.io.ObjectInput in = call.getInputStream();        $result = in.readInt();        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {        throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("error unmarshalling return", e);        } finally {        ref.done(call);        }        return $result;    } catch (java.lang.RuntimeException e) {        throw e;    } catch (java.rmi.RemoteException e) {        throw e;    } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {        throw new java.rmi.UnexpectedException("undeclared checked exception", e);    }    }    // implementation of getLocation()    public int getLocation()    throws java.rmi.RemoteException    {    try {        java.rmi.server.RemoteCall call = ref.newCall((java.rmi.server.RemoteObject) this, operations, 1, interfaceHash);        ref.invoke(call);        int $result;        try {        java.io.ObjectInput in = call.getInputStream();        $result = in.readInt();        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {        throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("error unmarshalling return", e);        } finally {        ref.done(call);        }        return $result;    } catch (java.lang.RuntimeException e) {        throw e;    } catch (java.rmi.RemoteException e) {        throw e;    } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {        throw new java.rmi.UnexpectedException("undeclared checked exception", e);    }    }    // implementation of getState()    public State getState()    throws java.rmi.RemoteException    {    try {        java.rmi.server.RemoteCall call = ref.newCall((java.rmi.server.RemoteObject) this, operations, 2, interfaceHash);        ref.invoke(call);        State $result;        try {        java.io.ObjectInput in = call.getInputStream();        $result = (State) in.readObject();        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {        throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("error unmarshalling return", e);        } catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {        throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("error unmarshalling return", e);        } finally {        ref.done(call);        }        return $result;    } catch (java.lang.RuntimeException e) {        throw e;    } catch (java.rmi.RemoteException e) {        throw e;    } catch (java.lang.Exception e) {        throw new java.rmi.UnexpectedException("undeclared checked exception", e);    }    }}
// Skeleton class generated by rmic, do not edit.// Contents subject to change without notice.public final class PrinterMachine_Skel    implements java.rmi.server.Skeleton{    private static final java.rmi.server.Operation[] operations = {    new java.rmi.server.Operation("int getCount()"),    new java.rmi.server.Operation("int getLocation()"),    new java.rmi.server.Operation("State getState()")    };    private static final long interfaceHash = -5260438444927807617L;    public java.rmi.server.Operation[] getOperations() {    return (java.rmi.server.Operation[]) operations.clone();    }    public void dispatch(java.rmi.Remote obj, java.rmi.server.RemoteCall call, int opnum, long hash)    throws java.lang.Exception    {    if (hash != interfaceHash)        throw new java.rmi.server.SkeletonMismatchException("interface hash mismatch");    PrinterMachine server = (PrinterMachine) obj;    switch (opnum) {    case 0: // getCount()    {        call.releaseInputStream();        int $result = server.getCount();        try {        java.io.ObjectOutput out = call.getResultStream(true);        out.writeInt($result);        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {        throw new java.rmi.MarshalException("error marshalling return", e);        }        break;    }    case 1: // getLocation()    {        call.releaseInputStream();        int $result = server.getLocation();        try {        java.io.ObjectOutput out = call.getResultStream(true);        out.writeInt($result);        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {        throw new java.rmi.MarshalException("error marshalling return", e);        }        break;    }    case 2: // getState()    {        call.releaseInputStream();        State $result = server.getState();        try {        java.io.ObjectOutput out = call.getResultStream(true);        out.writeObject($result);        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {        throw new java.rmi.MarshalException("error marshalling return", e);        }        break;    }    default:        throw new java.rmi.UnmarshalException("invalid method number");    }    }}

五、定义代理模式

从上面的例子可以看出,远程代理是一般代理模式的一种体现。

代理模式 :为一个对象提供一个替身或占位符以控制对这个对象的访问。
使用代理模式创建代表(representative)对象,让代表对象控制某对象的访问,被代理的对象可以是远程的对象、创建开销大的对象或需要安全控制的对象。
代理模式 uml类图

这里写图片描述

首先是 Subject,为 RealSubject 和 Proxy 提供了接口。通过实现同一接口,Proxy在RealSubject出现的地方取代它。
RealSubject 是真正做事的对象,它是被 Proxy代理控制访问的对象
Proxy 持有 RealSubject 的引用。在某些例子中,Proxy 还会负责RealSubject对象的创建和销毁。客户和 RealSubject 之间的交互必须通过 Proxy.因为代理和真实的对象 实现了相同的 接口,所以用到真实对象的地方,都可以用的代理取代。Proxy 控制 RealSubject 对象的访问。RealSubject 可以是远程对象,创建开销大,RealSubject 需要被保护。

上面的两个例子,都是远程代理,再加上 代理模式的 概念,就很容易理解了。下面看看 远程代理和 虚拟代理的比较:

这里写图片描述

1、远程代理,可以作为另一个JVM上对象的本地代表。调用代理地方法,会被代理利用网络转发到远程执行,并且结果会通过网络返回给代理,再由代理将结果转给客户;

2、虚拟代理,作为创建开销大的对象代表。虚拟代理经常等到我们真正需要创建一个对象的时候才创建它。当对象在创建前和创建中时,由虚拟代理来扮演对象的替身。对象创建后,代理就会将请求直接委托给对象。

0 0