动态规划之最长公共子串

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面试经常出现问题:

最大子序列:http://blog.csdn.net/yangquanhui1991/article/details/51943359

动态规划之最长递增子序列:http://blog.csdn.net/yangquanhui1991/article/details/51943000

动态规划之最长公共子串:http://blog.csdn.net/yangquanhui1991/article/details/51945211

动态规划之最长公共子序列:http://blog.csdn.net/yangquanhui1991/article/details/51942532


 子字符串的定义和子序列的定义类似,但要求是连续分布在其他字符串中。比如输入两个字符串BDCABA和ABCBDAB的最长公共字符串有BD和AB,它们的长度都是2。

Longest Common Substring和Longest Common Subsequence是有区别的

     X = <a, b, c, f, b, c>

     Y = <a, b, f, c, a, b>

     X和Y的Longest Common Sequence为<a, b, c, b>,长度为4

     X和Y的Longest Common Substring为 <a, b>长度为2

    其实Substring问题是Subsequence问题的特殊情况,也是要找两个递增的下标序列

    <i1, i2, ...ik> 和 <j1, j2, ..., jk>使

     xi1 == yj1

    xi2 == yj2

    ......

    xik == yjk

    与Subsequence问题不同的是,Substring问题不光要求下标序列是递增的,还要求每次

   递增的增量为1, 即两个下标序列为:

   <i, i+1, i+2, ..., i+k-1> 和 <j, j+1, j+2, ..., j+k-1>

    类比Subquence问题的动态规划解法,Substring也可以用动态规划解决,令

    c[i][j]表示Xi和Yi的最大Substring的长度,比如

   X = <y, e, d, f>

   Y = <y, e, k, f>

   c[1][1] = 1

   c[2][2] = 2

   c[3][3] = 0

   c[4][4] = 1

   动态转移方程为:

   如果xi == yj, 则 c[i][j] = c[i-1][j-1]+1

   如果xi ! = yj,  那么c[i][j] = 0

   最后求Longest Common Substring的长度等于

  max{  c[i][j],  1<=i<=n, 1<=j<=m}

 完整的代码如下:

#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;//暴力法int longestSub(const string& str1, const string& str2){int len1 = str1.size();int len2 = str2.size();if ((len1 == 0) || (len2 == 0))return 0;// the start position of substring in original stringint start1 = -1;int start2 = -1;// the longest length of common substringint longest = 0;for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++){for (int j = 0; j < len2; j++){int length = 0;int m = i;int n = j;while (m < len1&&n < len2){if (str1[m] != str2[n])break;++length;++m; ++n;}if (longest < length){longest = length;start1 = i;start2 = j;}}}return longest;}//动态规划法int longestSub_LCS(const string& str1, const string& str2){int m = str1.size();int n = str2.size();if ((m == 0) || (n == 0)) return 0;int c[100][100] = { 0 };for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)c[i][0] = 0;for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)c[0][j] = 0;c[0][0] = 0;int max = -1;for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++){for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++){if (str1[i - 1] == str2[j - 1])c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;elsec[i][j] = 0;if (max < c[i][j])max = c[i][j];}}return max;}int main(){string str1("YXXXXXY");string str2("YXYXXXXZ");cout << longestSub(str1, str2) << endl;cout << longestSub_LCS(str1, str2) << endl;system("pause");return 0;}





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