android中怎么在View构造的attrs中拿到android给的属性以及attrs属性介绍

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attrs获得,而自定义的属性获得值方式如下,当然原生的也是一样,只需要把attr name该成系统的。一、 首先要在res/values目录下建立一个attrs.xml(名字可以自己定义)的文件,并在此文件中增加对控件的属性的定义.其xml文件如下所示:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>   <declare-styleable name="my_text_view">       <attr name="text_size" format="float"></attr>       <attr name="text_color" format="color"></attr>       <attr name="text_back_ground" format="color|reference"></attr>   </declare-styleable></resources>在这里,需要补充attrs属性的相关知识,即Attr属性是如何在XML中定义的,自定义属性的Value值可以有10种类型以及其类型的组合值,其具体使用方法如下:1. reference:参考某一资源ID。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name = "名称">                    <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />             </declare-styleable>(2)属性使用:             <ImageView                      android:layout_width = "42dip"                      android:layout_height = "42dip"                      android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"                      />2. color:颜色值。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name = "名称">                    <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />             </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:             <TextView                      android:layout_width = "42dip"                      android:layout_height = "42dip"                      android:textColor = "#00FF00"                      />3. boolean:布尔值。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name = "名称">                 <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />             </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:             <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                    android:focusable = "true"                     />4. dimension:尺寸值。      (1)属性定义:              <declare-styleable name = "名称">                    <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />             </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:             <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                   />5. float:浮点值。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">                    <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />                    <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />             </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:             <alpha                    android:fromAlpha = "1.0"                    android:toAlpha = "0.7"                    />6. integer:整型值。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">                    <attr name = "visible" />                    <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />                    <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />                    <attr name = "pivotX" />                    <attr name = "pivotY" />                    <attr name = "drawable" />             </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:             <animated-rotate                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                      android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"                      android:pivotX = "50%"                      android:pivotY = "50%"                      android:framesCount = "12"                      android:frameDuration = "100"                    />7. string:字符串。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name = "MapView">                    <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />             </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:             <com.google.android.maps.MapView                     android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                     android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                     android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"                     />8. fraction:百分数。      (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">                    <attr name = "visible" />                    <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />                    <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />                    <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />                    <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />                    <attr name = "drawable" />             </declare-styleable>(2)属性使用:             <rotate                  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                 android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"                  android:fromDegrees = "0"                 android:toDegrees = "360"                  android:pivotX = "200%"                  android:pivotY = "300%"                 android:duration = "5000"                  android:repeatMode = "restart"                  android:repeatCount = "infinite"                 />9. enum:枚举值。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name="名称">                    <attr name="orientation">                           <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />                           <enum name="vertical" value="1" />                    </attr>                         </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:             <LinearLayout                     xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                     android:orientation = "vertical"                     android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                     android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                     >             </LinearLayout>10. flag:位或运算。      (1)属性定义:              <declare-styleable name="名称">                     <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">                             <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />                             <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />                             <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />                             <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />                             <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />                             <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />                             <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />                             <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />                             <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />                             <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />                      </attr>                       </declare-styleable>(2)属性使用:             <activity                    android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"                    android:label = "@string/app_name"                    android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">                    <intent-filter>                           <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />                           <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />                    </intent-filter>              </activity>      注意:      属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name = "名称">                    <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />             </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:              <ImageView                      android:layout_width = "42dip"                      android:layout_height = "42dip"                      android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"                      />二、接下来实现自定义View的类,其中下面的构造方法是重点,在代码中获取自定义属性,其代码如下:package com.example.CustomAttr;import android.content.Context;import android.content.res.TypedArray;import android.graphics.Paint;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.util.TypedValue;import android.widget.TextView;/** * Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * User: zhiwen.nan * Date: 13-9-28 * Time: 下午10:00 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. */public class CustomTextView extends TextView {    private TypedArray mTypedArray;    private Paint mPaint;    public CustomTextView(Context context) {        super(context);    }    public CustomTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {        super(context, attrs);        inial(context,attrs);    }    public CustomTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {        super(context, attrs, defStyle);        inial(context,attrs);    }    private void inial(Context context,AttributeSet attrs)  {        TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.my_text_view);float textsize = typedArray.getFloat(R.styleable.my_text_view_text_size,14)   ;        int textColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.my_text_view_text_color,0xFFFFFF)   ;        int bgColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.my_text_view_text_back_ground,0xFFFFFF) ;        super.setTextColor(textColor);        super.setTextSize(textsize);        super.setBackgroundColor(bgColor);typedArray.recycle();    }}三、接下来在XML布局中引用自定义View控件,其XML代码如下:?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.CustomAttr"              android:orientation="vertical"              android:layout_width="fill_parent"              android:layout_height="fill_parent"        >    <com.example.CustomAttr.CustomTextView            android:layout_width="fill_parent"            android:layout_height="wrap_content"            android:text="Hello World, MainActivity"            app:text_size ="20"            app:text_color ="#00FF00"            app:text_back_ground="#ffffff"            /></LinearLayout>注意上面XML中代码:   xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.CustomAttr",是自定义的app命名空间,res后面是应用程序包名,然后可以直接使用app:text_size,等属性,其值类型要和attrs.xml定义的属性Value值相对应。四、总结:    注意该例子中是使用app:text_size = "20 和app:text_color="#00FF00定义TextView的颜色和textView的字体大小,而不是使用系统的属性android:textsize等。该例子中只是起到抛砖引玉的作用,你可以自定义其他属性,来实现你想要的自定义View效果。
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