CentOS上面安装Oracle 11GR2

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正常图形化界面安装

安装X Window

yum groupinstall "X Window System"yum install unzip.x86_64 vim java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64

安装依赖软件包

yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel glibc-static

初始化账号

   groupadd oinstall   groupadd dba   groupadd oper   useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

调整/dev/shm，至少为oracle内存的两倍，编辑/etc/fstab，增加如下内容，然后执行mount -o remount /dev/shm重新挂载生效

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=8G       0 0

可选操作挂载swap文件

blocksize ，每个块大小为1k.count=2048000。则总大小为2G的文件。#dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1k count=2048000#mkswap /swapfile#chmod 600 /swapfile#swapon /swapfile修改/etc/fstab使其启动时自动mount，在/etc/fstab中增加如下语句：/swapfile  swap  swap    defaults 0 0

 mkdir -p /u01/app chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 chmod -R 775 /u01/app ```6. 编辑/etc/sysctl.conf，添加如下内容

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

然后执行sysctl -p生效7. 编辑/etc/security/limits.conf，添加如下内容

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

8. 编辑/etc/pam.d/login，增加如下内容：

session required pam_limits.so

9. 编辑/etc/profile，添加如下内容

if [ USER=“oracle”];thenif[SHELL = “/bin/ksh” ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

10. 以下切换到oracle用户执行11. 编辑/home/oracle/.bashrc文件，增加如下环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl

12. 解压缩oracle 11g压缩包，两个zip包，执行database下的runInstall脚本，需要开启图形化界面，ssh登录的需要开启x11 forward，并在本地启用x11 server13. 根据图形界面安装向导安装，安装过程中会报错两次，需要根据提示修改如下文件，然后点击重试即可。

vim /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk
这一行
ctxhx: (CTXHXOBJ)(LINK_CTXHX) (CTXHXOBJ)(INSO_LINK)
修改为
ctxhx: (CTXHXOBJ)–static(LINK_CTXHX) (CTXHXOBJ)(INSO_LINK) /usr/lib64/libc.a

vim /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
这一行
(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
修改为
(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11

14. 安装完毕，根据提示以root用户执行下面两个脚本

/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

15. 安装完毕，修改/home/oracle/.bashrc，增加如下两个环境变量

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=PATH:ORACLE_HOME/bin

16. 安装完成，本地可以访问，如果要开放远程访问，需要关闭或者配置防火墙，关闭防火墙命令如下：

systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁用

17. 安装完成，简单操作命令如下：

操作系统用户认证登录方式，以oracle用户执行
sqlplus / as sysdba
通过listener登录方式
sqlplus sys/密码@127.0.0.1/orcl as sysdba
sqlplus格式化列
col column_name format a20

18. 添加开机启动，创建启动脚本，放到/etc/init.d/路径下，命名为oracle```bash<div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div>#!/bin/sh <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># chkconfig: 35 80 10 <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># description: Oracle auto start-stop script. <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># Set ORACLE_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut; <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the <div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div># Oracle database in ORACLE_HOME. ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORA_OWNER=oracle start(){     # Start the Oracle databases:     echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" >>/var/log/oracle     echo "Done"     # Start the Listener:     echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle     echo "Done."     # Start the Enterprise Manager:     echo "Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager ... "     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" >>/var/log/oracle     echo "Done."     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle }stop(){    # Stop the Oracle Enterprise Manager:     echo "Stoping Oracle Enterprise Manager ... "     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Enterprise Manager as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" >>/var/log/oracle     echo "Done."     # Stop the Oracle Listener:     echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle     echo "Done."     rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle     # Stop the Oracle Database:     echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" >>/var/log/oracle     echo "Done."     echo ""     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle     date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle     echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle }case "$1" in start)        start        ;; stop)        stop        ;; restart)         echo $"Restaring oracle"         $0 stop         sleep 3         $0 start         ;; *)        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|}"        exit 1        ;;esacexit $RETVAL<div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div>

然后执行如下命令：# chkconfig --add oracle执行如下命令查看# chkconfig --list oracle修改文件/etc/oratab，将最后的'N'修改为'Y'，以使dbstarthe dbshut生效。

重新配置listener，使不依赖于主机名，修改listener配置文件，不依赖于主机。

$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora首先修改HOST字段为0.0.0.0，然后增加如下配置，增加oracle静态注册到listenerSID_LIST_LISTENER =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)  (SID_NAME = orcl)  ))

重新配置em，使不依赖于主机名，具体步骤参见后面的EM配置部分，不依赖于主机名的话需要定义ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost

静默安装

package检查

rpm -q \binutils \compat-libstdc++-33 \elfutils-libelf \elfutils-libelf-devel \expat \gcc \gcc-c++ \glibc \glibc-common \glibc-devel \glibc-headers \libaio \libaio-devel \libgcc \libstdc++ \libstdc++-devel \make \pdksh \sysstat \unixODBC \unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

增加数据库组和用户

# id oracle (确认oracle用户是否存在)# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall (建立产品清单管理组)# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba (建立数据库安装组)# /usr/sbin/groupadd asmadmin (建立ASM管理组)# /usr/sbin/groupadd asmdba (建立Grid管理组)# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle (oinstall为主要组,确保/home/oracle原不存在)# id oracle (记住oracle用户的uid和gid)uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),504(asmdba)# passwd oracle

编辑/etc/sysctl.conf调整OS内核参数，kernel.shmmax 为4GB或一半的物理内存, 哪个值更低用哪个，fs.file-max为512*PROGRESS，编辑完成执行sysctl -p生效

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152#kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

修改/etc/security/limits.conf, /etc/pam.d/login， /etc/profile这几个文件，参见上面图形化安装对应部分的说明。
建立必须目录

# more /etc/oratab (确认原来是否存在Oracle主目录)# more /etc/oraInst.loc (确认原来是否存在Oracle产品清单目录)# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/ (Oracle基础目录, 一般为/mount_point/app/oracle_owner)# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u04# chmod -R 775 /u01# chmod -R 775 /u02# chmod -R 775 /u03# chmod -R 775 /u04

设置oracle用户环境变量

# su - oracle$ vi ~/.bashrcumask 022export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos7export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=ORCLexport PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATHexport LC_ALL="en_US"export LANG="en_US"export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"$ soruce .bashrc

解压zip安装文件，在解压后oracle软件的response目录里有各种响应文件的模版。
生成响应文件模板
1. 方法一，在database目录下$ vi db_swonly.rsp，内容如下：

#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不要更改oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYDECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#以下参数根据实际情况更改,一般也无需更改UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstallINVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TWORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=trueoracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#--------------------------------------------------------------------各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示-force 允许安装到一个非空目录-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径-ignoreDiskWarning 忽略swap警告-ignoreSysPrereqs 忽略软件包警告-ignorePrereq 忽略oracle.install.responseFileVersion 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改oracle.install.option 安装选项,本例只安装oracle软件,该参数不要更改DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不要更改ORACLE_HOSTNAME 安装主机名UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle用户用于安装软件的组名INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle产品清单目录SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文ORACLE_HOME Oracle安装目录ORACLE_BASE oracle基础目录oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安装版本类型,一般是企业版oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选上了oracle.install.db.customComponents 定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上Label Security和Database Vaultoracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSDBA权限的组名oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSOPER权限的组名

开始安装，注意db_swonly.rsp需要使用绝对路径

$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignoreDiskWarning -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/database/db_swonly.rsp

出现下面的输出时表示安装完成

#-------------------------------------------------------------------.../u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.shTo execute the configuration scripts:         1. Open a terminal window          2. Log in as "root"          3. Run the scripts          4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.#-------------------------------------------------------------------

安装期间查看安装日志信息了解安装进度

$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora首先修改HOST字段为0.0.0.0，然后增加如下配置，增加oracle静态注册到listenerSID_LIST_LISTENER =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)  (SID_NAME = orcl)  ))

重新配置em，使不依赖于主机名，具体步骤参见后面的EM配置部分，不依赖于主机名的话需要定义ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost

以下部分为转载。

$ vi $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml

运行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh，若本机第一次安装oracle软件, 则执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限:

# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh# more /etc/oraInst.loc执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh# more /etc/oratab

静默配置监听，通过response文件运行netca, 生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora文件, 位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:

# su - oracle$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile $DISTRIB/response/netca.rsp$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora$ lsnrctl status执行完后, 监听就已经启动了, 默认端口是1521, 默认是动态监听, 只要实例启动了就会监听到.

静默建库
1. 生成响应文件模板

$ vi $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不要更改[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"#以下参数必须设置[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "ORCL.LK"TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"TOTALMEMORY = "1024"#--------------------------------------------------------------------

2. dbca静默建库, 大概3-4分钟，种子数据库和控制文件位于$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/下, 即Seed_Database.dfb和Seed_Database.ctl文件, 实际上建库就是基于通过rman恢复种子数据库和控制文件来实现的.

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_create.rspEnter SYS user password: <输入sys用户密码> Enter SYSTEM user password: <输入system用户密码> Copying database files...37% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance...62% completeCompleting Database Creation...100% completeLook at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式安装-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改OPERATION_TYPE 安装类型,该参数不要更改GDBNAME 全局数据库名,点号前面默认是db_name,点号后面默认就是db_domainTEMPLATENAME 建库模板名,参考各模板定义:$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/template/*.dbcCHARACTERSET 字符集,默认是WE8MSWIN1252TOTALMEMORY 实例内存,默认是服务器物理内存的40%

3. 安装期间查看日志信息了解进度:

$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log

建库后实例检查

$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l21$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v greporacle    1855     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCLoracle    1857     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCLoracle    1861     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_ORCLoracle    1863     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_ORCLoracle    1865     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ORCLoracle    1867     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_ORCLoracle    1869     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_ORCLoracle    1871     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_ORCLoracle    1873     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ORCLoracle    1875     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ORCLoracle    1877     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ORCLoracle    1879     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCLoracle    1881     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_ORCLoracle    1883     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_ORCLoracle    1885     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ORCLoracle    1887     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_ORCLoracle    1889     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_ORCLoracle    1969     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ORCLoracle    1985     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ORCLoracle    2003     1  0 10:08 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_ORCLoracle    2005     1  0 10:08 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_ORCL

建库后监听检查

$ lsnrctl status...Services Summary...Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully实例应该被动态注册到监听程序了. 如果未被动态注册到监听程序, 则可以手工注册:$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 16 11:11:46 2009Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> alter system register;

改为归档模式并重启

$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> shutdown immediate;SQL> startup mount;SQL> alter database archivelog;SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要启用数据库闪回功能则执行)SQL> alter database open;SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新编译所有可能失效对象)SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工归档测试)

静默删库
1. 生成响应文件

$ vi $DISTRIB/db_delete.rsp#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不能更改[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"#以下参数根据实际情况更改[DELETEDATABASE]SOURCEDB = "ORCL"#--------------------------------------------------------------------

2. dbca静默删库，无需手工停库，大概1分钟

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_delete.rspConnecting to database...47% completeUpdating network configuration files...52% completeDeleting instance and datafiles...100% completeLook at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL.log" for further details.各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式删除-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改OPERATION_TYPE 安装类型,该参数不要更改SOURCEDB  数据库名,不是全局数据库名,即不包含db_domain

3. 删除期间查看日志信息了解进度:

$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log

EM配置命令

创建一个EM资料库emca -repos create
重建一个EM资料库emca -repos recreate
删除一个EM资料库emca -repos drop
配置数据库的Database Control emca -config dbcontrol db
删除数据库的 Database Control配置emca -deconfig dbcontrol db
重新配置db control的端口，默认端口在1158

emca -reconfig portsemca -reconfig ports -DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT 1158emca -reconfig ports -RMI_PORT 5520emca -reconfig ports -AGENT_PORT 3938emca -reconfig ports -JMS_PORT 5540

启动EM console服务emctl start dbconsole
停止EM console服务emctl stop dbconsole
查看EM console服务的状态emctl status dbconsole
配置dbconsole的步骤

emca -repos createemca -config dbcontrol dbemctl start dbconsole

重新配置dbconsole的步骤

emca -repos dropemca -repos createemca -config dbcontrol dbemctl start dbconsole

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