LINUX flock 控制异步执行
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利用flock
来管理工作状态
我过去在自修作业系统的时候,有学到mutex这个东西,而flock
就是可以在shell上使用的mutex。
flock
的官方说明
NAME flock - Manage locks from shell scriptsSYNOPSIS flock [-sxon] [-w timeout] lockfile [-c] command... flock [-sxon] [-w timeout] lockdir [-c] command... flock [-sxun] [-w timeout] fdDESCRIPTION This utility manages flock(2) locks from within shell scripts or the command line. The first and second forms wraps the lock around the executing a command, in a manner similar to su(1) or newgrp(1). It locks a specified file or directory, which is created (assuming appropriate permissions), if it does not already exist. The third form is convenient inside shell scripts, and is usually used the following manner: ( flock -s 200 # ... commands executed under lock ... ) 200>/var/lock/mylockfile The mode used to open the file doesn’t matter to flock; using > or >> allows the lockfile to be created if it does not already exist, however, write permission is required; using < requires that the file already exists but only read permission is required. By default, if the lock cannot be immediately acquired, flock waits until the lock is available.OPTIONS -s, --shared Obtain a shared lock, sometimes called a read lock. -x, -e, --exclusive Obtain an exclusive lock, sometimes called a write lock. This is the default. -u, --unlock Drop a lock. This is usually not required, since a lock is automatically dropped when the file is closed. However, it may be required in special cases, for example if the enclosed command group may have forked a background process which should not be holding the lock. -n, --nb, --nonblock Fail (with an exit code of 1) rather than wait if the lock cannot be immediately acquired. -w, --wait, --timeout seconds Fail (with an exit code of 1) if the lock cannot be acquired within seconds seconds. Decimal fractional values are allowed. -o, --close Close the file descriptor on which the lock is held before executing command. This is useful if command spawns a child process which should not be hold ing the lock. -c, --command command Pass a single command to the shell with -c. -h, --help Print a help message.AUTHOR Written by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>.COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2003-2006 H. Peter Anvin. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.SEE ALSO flock(2)AVAILABILITY The flock command is part of the util-linux-ng package and is available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux-ng/.
重点说明
透过flock
,程序会先尝试取得某个lock(通常代表某个档案)的拥有权之后才执行,执行的时候会握有该lock的拥有权,并且在结束之后才释出拥有权。举例来说,如果我们写一个shell script放在$HOME
底下:
#! /bin/bashsleep 10date
储存成test.sh
并且打开执行权限(chmod 700 test.sh
)
此时如果我们打开两个shell, 并且约同时执行:
flock /tmp/demo.lock ~/test.sh
这时会发生什麽事情呢?
使用者应该会看到两个shell都停住,一个等10秒后印出时间,一个再过10秒后印出时间:
flock
的参数
除了预设的行为之外,我们可以透过参数来调整flock
的行为。和预设行为上最主要的差异在于,当无法获得lock_path
的拥有权时,接下来的动作会不同。
flock -n lock_path xxx
:当无法获得拥有权的时候,直接中止程序,不执行xxx。flock -s lock_path xxx
:把lock_path
当成一个shared lock,同时能被多个程序拥有。所以大家都可以马上执行,而且同时拥有lock_path
flock -x lock_path xxx
:把lock_path
当成一个exclusive lock,同时只能被一个程序拥有。
注:一个lock_path
不能同时为shared和exclusive!
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