Android测试工具MonkeyRunner(Demo篇)

没有写blog习惯，整理了下去年的学习记录，贴出来希望能给他人一些启发；

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MonkeyRunner简介

Monkeyrunner是用python编码实现的测试，是Monkey的升级版从随机事件流变成有逻辑的模拟用户按键、触屏、滑动操作，控制事件、随时截图。最主要是通过运行程序，在程序中提供按键或触摸事件的输入数值然后截屏，通过截屏对比是否是正常的运行。

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MonkeyRunner API主要包括三个模块：

• Monkeyrunner：这个类提供了用于连接设备或者模拟器的方法。
• MonkeyDevice：这个类为安装、卸载APK，启动activity发送按键和触摸事件运行测试包的方法。
• MonkeyImage：这个类提供了截图、对比保存的方法。

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MonkeyRunner特点：

编写语言：Python
运行环境：Python 环境，adb链接PC运行
测试对象：UI测试
测试限制：主要使用坐标，逻辑判断能力差

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MonkeyRunner使用方法：

• 引入MonkeyRunner中所要用的模块：
  from com.android.monkeyrunner
import MonkeyRunner,MonkeyDevice,MonkeyImage
• 与设备链接(没有报错即链接成功)
  device=MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()
• 卸载、安装要测试的APK
  device.removePackage('android-3.7.3.apk')
device.installPackage('d:/android-3.7.3.apk')
• 启动任意Activity
  componentName = 'com.itangyuan/.module.portlet.FlashActivity'
device.startActivity(component=componentName)
• 打开菜单
  device.press('KEYCODE_MENU','DOWN_AND_UP')
• 点击某一坐标点
  device.touch(35,75,'DOWN_AND_UP')
• 运行截图
  pic=device.takeSnapshot()
• 正确结果截图
  resultTrue=MonkeyRunner.loadImageFromFile(r"d:\login.png")
• 使用.sameAs()对比两张图片，并输出对比结果True或False
  print (pic.sameAs(resultTrue,0.9))

更多API参考

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MonkeyRunner脚本示例：
Demo 1:

# Imports the monkeyrunner modules used by this programfrom com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner, MonkeyDevice,MonkeyImage# Connects to the current device, returning a MonkeyDevice objectdevice = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()# Installs the Android package. Notice that this method returns a boolean, so you can test# to see if the installation worked.device.installPackage('myproject/bin/MyApplication.apk')# sets a variable with the package's internal namepackage = 'com.example.android.myapplication'# sets a variable with the name of an Activity in the packageactivity = 'com.example.android.myapplication.MainActivity'# sets the name of the component to startrunComponent = package + '/' + activity# Runs the componentdevice.startActivity(component=runComponent)# Presses the Menu buttondevice.press('KEYCODE_MENU', MonkeyDevice.DOWN_AND_UP)# Takes a screenshotresult = device.takeSnapshot()# Writes the screenshot to a fileresult.writeToFile('myproject/shot1.png','png')

Demo 2 :

#!/usr/bin/env monkeyrunner# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import timeimport sysimport osfrom com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner, MonkeyDevice, MonkeyImage#设置应用包名和入口Activity名pakageName = 'com.new.example'componentName = 'com.new.example/.WelcomeActivity'#APP启动时等待时间(秒)startTime = 5#获取年月日时分秒now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")#python中获取当前运行的文件的名字name=sys.argv[0].split("\\")filename=name[len(name)-1]#MonkeyRunner下获取运行的文件所在的路径rootpath  = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(sys.argv[0]))[0]#指定位置dir = rootpath + "/apk/"screenPath = rootpath + "/screenShot/"logpath = rootpath + "/log/"#获取待测APK个数countPak = len(os.listdir(dir))#新建一个Log文件if not os.path.isdir(logpath):    os.mkdir(logpath)log = open( logpath + filename[0:-3] + "-log" +now + ".txt" , 'w')#开始连接设备print("Connecting...")device = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()log.write("连接设备...\n")#卸载应用print('Removing...')device.removePackage(pakageName)print ('Remove Successful!')MonkeyRunner.sleep(2)log.write("初始化应用环境...\n")countOK = 0countNO = 0for i in os.listdir(dir):    print('Installing...<%s>'%i)    log.write("==========安装应用==========\n")    path = dir + '//' + i    #安装应用    device.installPackage(path)    print('Install Successful!')    #打开应用    device.startActivity(component=componentName)    MonkeyRunner.sleep(startTime)    log.write("启动App...\n")    #截图    result=device.takeSnapshot()    print("Take ScreenShot...")    #保存截图    result.writeToFile(screenPath + i + '.png','png')    #进行图片比较    resultTrue=MonkeyRunner.loadImageFromFile(screenPath + r'basePic.png')    print "Pic Comparing..."    log.write("对比图片中...\n")    if(result.sameAs(resultTrue,0.9)):        print("%s is OK!"%i)        log.write("比较通过！--%s--包可用！\n"%i)        #卸载应用        print('Removing...')        log.write("初始化应用环境，移除中...\n")        device.removePackage(pakageName)        print ('Remove Successful!')        log.write("==========移除完毕==========\n")        countOK += 1        MonkeyRunner.sleep(2)    else:        print("False!Please check %s!"%i)        log.write("比较失败！请检查安装包--%s--是否可用！\n"%i)        breaklog.write("共测试 %s 个包，%d 个通过。"%(countPak,countOK))

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MonkeyRunner脚本的执行：

• CMD窗口
  monkeyrunner G:\script\example.py

• BAT脚本

@echo off@echo.@echo.  =======运行脚本======set /p a=请输入脚本名称：start "" monkeyrunner G:\script\%a%

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MonkeyRunner的录制与回放

• monkeyrecoder.py

#!/usr/bin/env monkeyrunner# Copyright 2010, The Android Open Source Project## Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.# You may obtain a copy of the License at##     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and# limitations under the License.from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner as mrfrom com.android.monkeyrunner.recorder import MonkeyRecorder as recorderdevice = mr.waitForConnection()recorder.start(device)

• monkeyplayback.py

import sysfrom com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunnerCMD_MAP = {    "TOUCH":lambda dev,arg:dev.touch(**arg),    "DRAG":lambda dev,arg:dev.drag(**arg),    "PRESS":lambda dev,arg:dev.press(**arg),    "TYPE":lambda dev,arg:dev.type(**arg),    "WAIT":lambda dev,arg:MonkeyRunner.sleep(**arg)    }# Process a single file for the specified device.def process_file(fp,device):    for line in fp:        (cmd,rest) = line.split("|")        try:            rest = eval(rest)        except:            print"unable to parse options"            continue        if cmd not in CMD_MAP:            print"unknown command:" + cmd            continue        CMD_MAP[cmd](device,rest)def main():    file = sys.argv[1]    fp = open(file,"r")    device = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()    process_file(fp,device)    fp.close();if __name__=="__main__":    main() 

• 录制脚本example.py

  • CMD窗口中执行命令： monkeyrunner monkeyrecoder.py
  • 将生成的录制脚本保存为example.py

• 执行录制脚本example.py

  monkeyrunner G:\script\monkeyplayback.py G:\script\example.py

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作者 @new