Android 6.0新特性之Runtime Permission

Runtime Permissions

在Android 6.0中谷歌摒弃了之前的install time permissions model取而代之的是runtime permissions model。先来说说install time permissions model，这个大家不陌生，就是当Android App安装的时候会向用户展示一坨权限，如果此时用户选择安装，则表示用户同意将这些权限赋予App，如果用户不同意那么这个App就会取消安装。runtime permissions model就牛逼了，在App安装的时候同样会向用户展示所需要的权限，并且在用户选择安装App的时候并不表示用户将这些权限赋予了App，而是需要App在运行阶段主动去申请这些权限。这样做的好处显而易见，App对权限的申请对于用户来说变得更加透明，而且用户对App权限的控制也更加灵活。

权限的分类

Android将系统权限分成了四个保护等级normal,dangerous,signature,signatureOrSystem,其中最常见的是normal permission和dangerous permission两类。

normal permission涵盖的一系列权限的共同点是：App需要访问App运行沙盒以外的数据或资源，但是这些资源对用户的隐私或其他App的危险性较小，下面列举一下这些权限：

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
FLASHLIGHT
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
SET_ALARM
INSTALL_SHORTCUT

以上这些就是Android 6.0中所有的normal permissions了。

dangerous permissions

dangerous permissions 涵盖的一系列权限的共同点是：这些权限会读写用户的隐私信息，也可能会读写用户存储的数据或影响其他App的正常运行。下面例举出这些权限：

权限组权限CALENDARREAD_CALENDAR

WRITE_CALENDAR

CAMERACAMERACONTACTSREAD_CONTACTS

WRITE_CONTACTS

GET_ACCOUNTS

LOCATIONACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

MICROPHONERECORD_AUDIOPHONEREAD_PHONE_STATE

CALL_PHONE，READ_CALL_LOG

WRITE_CALL_LOG

ADD_VOICEMAIL

USE_SIP

PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS

SENSORSBODY_SENSORSSMSSEND_SMS

RECEIVE_SMS

READ_SMS

RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH

RECEIVE_MMS

STORAGEREAD_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

以上这些权限就是Android6.0中所有的dangerous permissions。

Runtime Permissions针对的是dangerous permissions，normal permissions还是会在App安装期间被默认赋予。

实战

1、请求3个 dangerous permission，一定要在AndroidManifest.xml上配置，不然只在运行时请求会授权失败 

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

2、java code，封装好的一些方法

  //---------------------- permission request    final private int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_MULTIPLE_PERMISSIONS = 163;     private void startAppWrapper() {            List<String> permissionsNeeded = new ArrayList<String>();             final List<String> permissionsList = new ArrayList<String>();              //只需要在这添加需要的dangerous permissions             if (!addPermission(permissionsList, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE))                permissionsNeeded.add("Storage");            if (!addPermission(permissionsList, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE))                permissionsNeeded.add("Read Phone State");            if (!addPermission(permissionsList, Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS))                permissionsNeeded.add("Account Info");             if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {                if (permissionsNeeded.size() > 0) {                    // Need Rationale                    String message = "You need to grant access to " + permissionsNeeded.get(0);                    for (int i = 1; i < permissionsNeeded.size(); i++)                        message = message + ", " + permissionsNeeded.get(i);                    showMessageOKCancel(message,                            new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                                @Override                                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(Logo.this, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),                                            REQUEST_CODE_ASK_MULTIPLE_PERMISSIONS);                                }                            });                    return;                }                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(Logo.this, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),                        REQUEST_CODE_ASK_MULTIPLE_PERMISSIONS);                return;            }             newStartApp();        }         private boolean addPermission(List<String> permissionsList, String permission) {            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(Logo.this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                permissionsList.add(permission);                // Check for Rationale Option                if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Logo.this, permission))                    return false;            }            return true;        }         private void showMessage(String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener, boolean isCancel) {            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(Logo.this);             if (isCancel) {                builder.setNegativeButton("Cancel", null);            }             builder.setMessage(message)                   .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)                   .create()                   .show();        }         private void showMessageOKCancel(String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {            showMessage(message, okListener, true);        }         private void showMessageOK(String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {            showMessage(message, okListener, false);        }         @Override        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {            switch (requestCode) {                case REQUEST_CODE_ASK_MULTIPLE_PERMISSIONS:                    {                        for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {                            Log.e("--- asd", "--- asd: permission:"+permissions[i]+", result:"+ grantResults[i]);                        }                         boolean isAllAllow = true;                        String notGranted = "";                        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {                            if (grantResults[i] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {                                isAllAllow = false;                                notGranted = permissions[i];                                break;                            }                        }                         if (isAllAllow) {                            newStartApp();                            } else {                            // Permission Denied                            showMessageOK("Grant the permissions for the game please.\n" + notGranted,                                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                                    @Override                                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                                        finish();                                    }                                });                        }                    }                    break;                default:                    break;            }        }

(ps: newStartApp() 方法是跳转到游戏的Acitivity的方法，先在请求玩所有游戏中需要用到的权限，全部授权成功后在跳转到游戏的Activity）

 //进入app的第一个Activity的OnCreate方法    @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        Cocos2dxHelper.setContext(this);        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.q2_logo);                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {            newStartApp(); //如果api小与23，不需要运行请求权限            return;        }         startAppWrapper();    }

运行