KVM学习笔记（二）--虚拟机克隆
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一、KVM创建虚拟机
创建磁盘文件及虚拟机镜像
[root@ckcest04 images]# ll /var/lib/libvirt/images/ #kvm存放虚拟机的路径[root@kvmaster2 images]# qemu-img create ckcest07.img 30G Formatting 'ckcest07.img', fmt=raw size=32212254729[root@kvmaster2 images]# virt-install --name=ckcest07 --ram 2048 --vcpus=2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/ckcest07.img,size=150 \--cdrom /opt/Centos-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso --network bridge=br0 --force --autostart#virt-install 安装虚拟机命令，更多请--help#--name 虚拟机名字#--ram 内存#--vcpus cpu核数#--disk path 虚拟机路径，大小#--cdrom iso路径#--network bridge 桥接到网桥的名字，教程一里的网桥名#--autostart 自动开启#然后就是图形界面的安装操作系统步骤，这里不再赘述。
配置操作系统
[root@ckcest07 opt]# sed -i '/^HWADDR/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0[root@ckcest07 opt]# sed -i '/^UUID/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0[root@ckcest07 opt]# echo -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules#上面三条命令是为了用此系统做镜像，再建立虚拟机的时候，可以获得新的mac地址，否则到时候还要重新配置
[root@kvmaster2 images]# virsh list #虚拟机运行正常 Id 名称 状态---------------------------------------------------- 1 ckcest07 running
将raw格式转换成qcow2格式
[root@kvmaster2 images]# qemu-img info ckcest07.imgimage: ckcest07.imgfile format: rawvirtual size: 30G (32212254720 bytes)disk size: 2.9G[root@kvmaster2 images]# qemu-img convert -O qcow2 ckcest07.img ckcest07.img.qcow2[root@kvmaster2 images]# qemu-img info ckcest07.img.qcow2 image: ckcest07.img.qcow2file format: qcow2virtual size: 30G (32212254720 bytes)disk size: 2.3Gcluster_size: 65536#虚拟机各种磁盘格式介绍：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-14735472-id-4220089.html
根据创建的"基类"镜像，生成新的虚拟机
[root@kvmaster2 images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 ckcest08.qcow2 -o backing_file=ckcest07.img 150G \Formatting 'ckcest08.qcow2', fmt=qcow2size=161061273600 backing_file='ckcest07.img' encryption=off cluster_size=65536#基类镜像是30G大小、派生出来的镜像可以额外使用150G空间。[root@kvmaster2 images]# qemu-img info ckcest08.qcow2 image: ckcest08.qcow2file format: qcow2virtual size: 150G (161061273600 bytes)disk size: 196Kcluster_size: 65536backing file: ckcest07.img
挂载额外的磁盘空间
[root@ckcest08 ~]# df -h #根目录只有20G大小文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点/dev/mapper/vg_ckcest07-LogVol03 20G 2.0G 17G 11% /tmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm/dev/vda1 97M 33M 60M 35% /boot/dev/mapper/vg_ckcest07-LogVol00 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /home/dev/mapper/vg_ckcest07-LogVol02 97M 5.6M 87M 7% /tmp[root@ckcest08 ~]# fdisk -l #额外的磁盘空间，后面将他挂载到根目录下Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000e1aeb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 * 3 206 102400 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/vda2 206 62416 31353856 8e Linux LVMPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.#因为磁盘是用了LVM做了逻辑卷，所以先把磁盘放到VG，不了解lvm的朋友可以看下http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojun/archive/2012/08/22/2650229.html[root@ckcest08 ~]# fdisk /dev/vda #fdisk来创建分区WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): p #显示当前磁盘信息Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000e1aeb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 * 3 206 102400 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/vda2 206 62416 31353856 8e Linux LVMPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.Command (m for help): n #创建一个新的分区Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)p #选择新建分区Partition number (1-4): 3 #之前有了2个，所以这里是3，回车。First cylinder (1-312076, default 1): 62417Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (62417-312076, default 312076): Using default value 312076Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000e1aeb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 * 3 206 102400 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/vda2 206 62416 31353856 8e Linux LVMPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/vda3 62417 312076 125828640 83 Linux #新加了个分区，所有剩余空间都搞这了 Command (m for help): t #修改分区类型Partition number (1-4): 3 #选择修改的分区号Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #8e为lvm的分区类型Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000e1aeb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 * 3 206 102400 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/vda2 206 62416 31353856 8e Linux LVMPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/vda3 62417 312076 125828640 8e Linux LVM #修改成功Command (m for help): w #w为写入分区并保存。The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used atthe next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)Syncing disks.[root@ckcest08 ~]# partprobe #让内核加载新的分区表[root@ckcest08 ~]# reboot #最好重启，若是新分区标加载成功可以不重启。[root@ckcest08 ~]# pvscan #目前pv只有一个vda2在 PV /dev/vda2 VG vg_ckcest07 lvm2 [29.90 GiB / 0 free] Total: 1 [29.90 GiB] / in use: 1 [29.90 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ][root@ckcest08 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vda3 #将vda3也创建成pv， Physical volume "/dev/vda3" successfully created[root@ckcest08 ~]# pvscan PV /dev/vda2 VG vg_ckcest07 lvm2 [29.90 GiB / 0 free] PV /dev/vda3 lvm2 [120.00 GiB] #vda3成功加入 Total: 2 [149.90 GiB] / in use: 1 [29.90 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [120.00 GiB] [root@ckcest08 ~]# vgdisplay #vg目前只有30G --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_ckcest07 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 4 Open LV 4 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 29.90 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 7654 Alloc PE / Size 7654 / 29.90 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID rjJTHk-dOjL-mWQ8-I4FK-ukqW-OQvr-58Ro6Y[root@ckcest08 ~]# vgextend vg_ckcest07 /dev/vda3 #将vda3分区的容量加入vg Volume group "vg_ckcest07" successfully extended[root@ckcest08 ~]# vgdisplay #变成150G了。 --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_ckcest07 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 6 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 4 Open LV 4 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 149.89 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 38373 Alloc PE / Size 7654 / 29.90 GiB Free PE / Size 30719 / 120.00 GiB VG UUID rjJTHk-dOjL-mWQ8-I4FK-ukqW-OQvr-58Ro6Y [root@ckcest08 ~]# lvdisplay #因为做基类镜像时就都做了lvm所以有这么多，这里只需要将vg的剩余容量挂载到根目录下即可 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol01 LV Name LogVol01 VG Name vg_ckcest07 LV UUID QUPJNF-mUkd-9DNx-H02e-UvvN-pz4X-oga4Tt LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time ckcest07, 2016-08-04 17:11:32 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 100.00 MiB Current LE 25 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol00 LV Name LogVol00 #这个lv是挂载到/home下 VG Name vg_ckcest07 LV UUID PGkJ9t-BdF3-GG0r-P2FM-TSbX-J2ND-K3T8iB LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time ckcest07, 2016-08-04 17:11:32 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 10.00 GiB Current LE 2560 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol03 LV Name LogVol03 VG Name vg_ckcest07 LV UUID fOFqir-sIhU-0tBP-9a4C-tbiz-fufG-rQzrgF LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time ckcest07, 2016-08-04 17:11:35 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 19.70 GiB #这个lv挂载到根目录下 Current LE 5044 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol02 LV Name LogVol02 #这个lv挂载到/tmp下 VG Name vg_ckcest07 LV UUID TDEt0k-HW0p-mhZZ-UQew-t3hn-ysLs-oRykxd LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time ckcest07, 2016-08-04 17:11:38 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 100.00 MiB Current LE 25 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:3 [root@ckcest08 ~]# lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol03 #将vg剩余空间挂载到根目录下 Extending logical volume LogVol03 to 139.70 GiB Logical volume LogVol03 successfully resized[root@ckcest08 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol03 #重新加载分区大小..等待他加载完成。resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem at /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol03 is mounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 9Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol03 to 36621312 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/vg_ckcest07/LogVol03 is now 36621312 blocks long.[root@ckcest08 ~]# df -h文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点/dev/mapper/vg_ckcest07-LogVol03 138G 2.0G 129G 2% / #磁盘空间都挂载来了，donetmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm/dev/vda1 97M 33M 60M 35% /boot/dev/mapper/vg_ckcest07-LogVol00 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /home/dev/mapper/vg_ckcest07-LogVol02 97M 5.6M 87M 7% /tmp三、KVM克隆虚拟机
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