python apply()函数

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>>> help(apply)Help on built-in function apply in module __builtin__:apply(...)    apply(object[, args[, kwargs]]) -> value    Call a callable object with positional arguments taken from the tuple args,    and keyword arguments taken from the optional dictionary kwargs.    Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.    <span style="color:#ff0000;">Deprecated since release 2.3. Instead, use the extended call syntax:        function(*args, **keywords).</span>>>> 

args是一个包含将要提供给函数的按位置传递的参数的元组。如果省略了args,任何参数都不会被传递。
kwargs是一个包含关键字参数的字典。
apply()的返回值就是object()的返回值。
apply()的元素参数是有序的,元素的顺序必须和object()形式参数的顺序一致。

1》执行不带参数的函数

def say():    print 'hello python!'    say()apply(say)
结果:
hello python!
hello python!
2》函数只带元组的参数

def say(a):    print asay('hello python!')apply(say,("hello python!",))def say_again(a,b):    print a,bsay_again('hello','python!')apply(say_again,('hello','python!'))
结果:
hello python!
hello python!
hello python!
hello python!
3》函数带关键字参数

def say(a=1,b=2):    print a,b def haha(**kw):    print kw    print type(kw)    say()    say(kw)#将kw传给a, b取默认值    apply(say,(),kw) haha(a='hello',b='python!')
结果:
{'a': 'hello', 'b': 'python!'}
<type 'dict'>
1 2
{'a': 'hello', 'b': 'python!'} 2

hello python!

又如:

def say(x,y,a=1,b=2):      print x,y,a,b     def haha(*args,**kw):    print args,type(args)    print kw,type(kw)    apply(say,args,kw)     haha(1,2,a='hello',b='python!')  

结果:

(1, 2) <type 'tuple'>
{'a': 'hello', 'b': 'python!'} <type 'dict'>
1 2 hello python!





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