MediaRecorder录制音频及代码的抽取封装

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1、背景

android提供了MediaRecorder类,通过MediaRecorder录制音频的过程很简单,按步骤进行即可;在很多开发项目中,我们见到代码的封装很好;常常感觉这才是大牛写出的代码,其实我们也是可以写出来的,今天就通过一个MediaRecorder录制音频的实例,进行代码的抽取实现封装;

2、MediaRecorder录制音频的步骤(来自疯狂Androud讲义)

1:创建MediaRecorder对象;
2:调用MediaRecorder对象的setAudioSource()方法设置声音来源,一般传入MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC参数,指定录制来自麦克风的声音;
3:调用MediaRecorder对象的setOutputFormat()设置所录制的音频文件的格式;
4:调用MediaRecorder对象的setAudioEncoder()、setAudioEncodingBitRate(int bitRate)、setAudioSamplingRate(int samplingRate)设置所录制的声音的编码格式、编码位率、采样率等;这些参数将控制所录制音频的频率,文件的大小;一般来说,声音品质越好,文件越大;
5:调用MediaRedorder的setOutputFile(String path)方法,设置录制的音频文件的保存位置;
6:调用MediaRecorder的prepare()方法,准备录制;
7:调用MdiaRecorder的start()方法,开始录制;
8:录制完成,调用MediaRecorder对象的stop()方法停止录制,并调用release()方法释放资源;

注意:上面的第3 和第4 两个步骤,千万不能搞反;否则程序将会抛出 IllegalStateException 异常;

3、MediaPlayer的状态图

我们参考MediaRecorder的状态图就可以明白MediaRecorder录制音频的步骤:
这里写图片描述

4、实例代码:

没抽取MediaRecorder之前的代码:

1、布局文件

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical"    tools:context=".MainActivity" >    <Button        android:id="@+id/openRecord"         android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="Open Record"        android:textSize="20sp"        />    <Button         android:id="@+id/closeRecord"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="Close Record"        android:textSize="20sp"        />    <Button         android:id="@+id/playSound"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="Play Sound"        android:textSize="20sp"        />    <Button         android:id="@+id/stopSound"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="Stop Sound"        android:textSize="20sp"        /></LinearLayout>

四个按钮作用分别是:开始录制音频、停止录制音频、开始播放音频、停止播放音频

2、MainActivity代码:

public class MyActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{    private Button bt_start;    private Button bt_stop;    private Button bt_play;    private Button bt_stopSound;    private MediaRecorder mRecorder;    private MediaPlayer mPlayer;    private File soundFile;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        initView();    }    private void initView() {        bt_start = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.openRecord);        bt_stop = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.closeRecord);        bt_play = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.playSound);        bt_stopSound = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.stopSound);        bt_start.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_stop.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_play.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_stopSound.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_play.setEnabled(false);        bt_stopSound.setEnabled(false);        mRecorder = new MediaRecorder();    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch (v.getId()) {        case R.id.openRecord:            startRecord();            break;        case R.id.closeRecord:            stopRecord();            break;        case R.id.playSound:            playSound();            break;        case R.id.stopSound:            stopSound();            break;        default:            break;        }    }    private void stopSound() {        if(mPlayer.isPlaying()){            mPlayer.stop();            mPlayer.release();            mPlayer = null;        }    }    private void stopRecord() {        if(null != mRecorder){            mRecorder.stop();            mRecorder.release();            bt_play.setEnabled(true);            bt_stopSound.setEnabled(true);        }    }    private void playSound() {        if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){            try {                mPlayer = new MediaPlayer();                mPlayer.reset();                mPlayer.setDataSource(soundFile.getAbsolutePath());                mPlayer.prepare();                mPlayer.start();            } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }         }    }    private void startRecord() {        if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){            //Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "SD卡不存在,请插入SD卡!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();            return;        }        try {            //创建保存录制音频的文件            soundFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalFile(),"/sound.amr");            mRecorder.reset();            mRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);            mRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);            mRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);            mRecorder.setOutputFile(soundFile.getAbsolutePath());            mRecorder.prepare();            mRecorder.start();        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    @Override    protected void onDestroy() {        if(null != mRecorder){            mRecorder.stop();            mRecorder.release();            mRecorder = null;        }        if(mPlayer != null){            mPlayer.stop();            mPlayer.release();            mPlayer = null;        }        super.onDestroy();    }}

在上面的MainActivity代码中,我们可以看到虽然我们对代码进行了很好的模块化,但感觉如果我们把MediaRecorder 重新封装,MainActivity的代码量会更简介;好了,现在我们就开始通过自定义一个MyMediaRecorder来封装MediaRecorder,在MainActivity中我们只需通过MyMediaRecorder的封装来调用MediaRecorder,可以简化MainActivity中的代码量;

3、MediaRecorder的封装

public class MyMediaRecorder {    private MediaRecorder mRecorder;    private Context context;    public MyMediaRecorder(Context context){        mRecorder = new MediaRecorder();        this.context = context;    }    public void startRecord(File soundFile){        if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){            Toast.makeText(context, "SD卡不存在,请插入SD卡!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();            return;        }        try {            mRecorder.reset();            mRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);            mRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);            mRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);            mRecorder.setOutputFile(soundFile.getAbsolutePath());            mRecorder.prepare();            mRecorder.start();        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public void stopRecord(){        if(null != mRecorder){            mRecorder.stop();            mRecorder.release();        }    }    public void onDestroy(){        if(null != mRecorder){            mRecorder.stop();            mRecorder.release();            mRecorder = null;        }    }}

4、MediaPlayer的封装

同样我们也可以把MediaPlayer进行封装:

public class MyMediaPlayer {    private MediaPlayer mPlayer;    public MyMediaPlayer(){        mPlayer = new MediaPlayer();    }    public void playSound(File soundFile){        try {            mPlayer.reset();            mPlayer.setDataSource(soundFile.getAbsolutePath());            mPlayer.prepare();            mPlayer.start();        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }     }    public void stopSound(){        if(mPlayer.isPlaying()){            mPlayer.stop();            mPlayer.release();            mPlayer = null;        }    }    public void onDestroy(){        if(mPlayer != null){            mPlayer.stop();            mPlayer.release();            mPlayer = null;        }    }}

5、封装之后的MainActivity 代码:

public class MyActivity02 extends Activity implements OnClickListener{    private Button bt_start;    private Button bt_stop;    private Button bt_play;    private Button bt_stopSound;    private MyMediaRecorder myMediaRecorder;    private MyMediaPlayer myMediaPlayer;    private File soundFile;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        initView();    }    private void initView() {        bt_start = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.openRecord);        bt_stop = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.closeRecord);        bt_play = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.playSound);        bt_stopSound = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.stopSound);        bt_start.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_stop.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_play.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_stopSound.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_play.setEnabled(false);        bt_stopSound.setEnabled(false);        //myMediaRecorder = new MyMediaRecorder(MainActivity.this);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch (v.getId()) {        case R.id.openRecord:            startRecord();            break;        case R.id.closeRecord:            stopRecord();            break;        case R.id.playSound:            playSound();            break;        case R.id.stopSound:            stopSound();            break;        default:            break;        }    }    public void stopSound() {        myMediaPlayer.stopSound();    }    public void playSound() {        if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){            myMediaPlayer = new MyMediaPlayer();            myMediaPlayer.playSound(soundFile);        }    }    public void stopRecord() {        myMediaRecorder.stopRecord();        bt_play.setEnabled(true);        bt_stopSound.setEnabled(true);    }    public void startRecord() {        try {            soundFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalFile(),"/sound.amr");            if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){                myMediaRecorder.startRecord(soundFile);            }        } catch (IOException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public void onDestroy() {        myMediaRecorder.onDestroy();        myMediaPlayer.onDestroy();    }}

现在,我们在MainActivity中只需要通过封装好的MyMediaRecorder、MyMediaPlayer可以实现音频的录制;复杂的代码都被我们封装起来了,所以在我们的MainActivity中,代码看上去更精炼;

现在我们看一下我们的MainActivity 还能更进一步封装吗?
其实代码的封装就是把有共性的给抽取出来,放到另一个类中;现在我们可以看到在我们的MainActivity中,各种视图控件看上去占据了大部分代码量,很繁琐;由于视图控件是一个界面,主要是与用户进行交互的;看到他们的共性点,所以我们也是可以进行抽取的;

6、MainActivity的进一步抽取视图控件

我把所有在MainActivity中出现的视图控件,去不都抽取到MyManager中:

public class MyManager implements OnClickListener{    private Button bt_start;    private Button bt_stop;    private Button bt_play;    private Button bt_stopSound;    private MyMediaRecorder myMediaRecorder;    private MyMediaPlayer myMediaPlayer;    private File soundFile;    private MainActivity context;    public MyManager(Context context){        this.context = (MainActivity) context;    }    public void initView(){        bt_start = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.openRecord);        bt_stop = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.closeRecord);        bt_play = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.playSound);        bt_stopSound = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.stopSound);        bt_start.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_stop.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_play.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_stopSound.setOnClickListener(this);        bt_play.setEnabled(false);        bt_stopSound.setEnabled(false);        myMediaRecorder = new MyMediaRecorder(context);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch (v.getId()) {        case R.id.openRecord:            startRecord();            break;        case R.id.closeRecord:            stopRecord();            break;        case R.id.playSound:            playSound();            break;        case R.id.stopSound:            stopSound();            break;        default:            break;        }    }    public void stopSound() {        myMediaPlayer.stopSound();    }    public void playSound() {        if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){            myMediaPlayer = new MyMediaPlayer();            myMediaPlayer.playSound(soundFile);        }    }    public void stopRecord() {        myMediaRecorder.stopRecord();        bt_play.setEnabled(true);        bt_stopSound.setEnabled(true);    }    public void startRecord() {        try {            soundFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalFile(),"/sound.amr");            if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){                myMediaRecorder.startRecord(soundFile);            }        } catch (IOException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public void onDestroy() {        myMediaRecorder.onDestroy();        myMediaPlayer.onDestroy();    }}

现在让我们再看一下MainActivity 的代码:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {    private MyManager manager;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        initView();    }    private void initView() {        manager = new MyManager(MainActivity.this);        manager.initView();    }    @Override    protected void onDestroy() {        manager.onDestroy();    }}

是不是很惊讶,简简单单的4行代码;对!!!这就是抽取、封装的重要性,它能把我们的代码进行提炼,让代码更精炼,更方便阅读;

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