MediaRecorder录制音频及代码的抽取封装
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1、背景
android提供了MediaRecorder类,通过MediaRecorder录制音频的过程很简单,按步骤进行即可;在很多开发项目中,我们见到代码的封装很好;常常感觉这才是大牛写出的代码,其实我们也是可以写出来的,今天就通过一个MediaRecorder录制音频的实例,进行代码的抽取实现封装;
2、MediaRecorder录制音频的步骤(来自疯狂Androud讲义)
1:创建MediaRecorder对象;
2:调用MediaRecorder对象的setAudioSource()方法设置声音来源,一般传入MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC参数,指定录制来自麦克风的声音;
3:调用MediaRecorder对象的setOutputFormat()设置所录制的音频文件的格式;
4:调用MediaRecorder对象的setAudioEncoder()、setAudioEncodingBitRate(int bitRate)、setAudioSamplingRate(int samplingRate)设置所录制的声音的编码格式、编码位率、采样率等;这些参数将控制所录制音频的频率,文件的大小;一般来说,声音品质越好,文件越大;
5:调用MediaRedorder的setOutputFile(String path)方法,设置录制的音频文件的保存位置;
6:调用MediaRecorder的prepare()方法,准备录制;
7:调用MdiaRecorder的start()方法,开始录制;
8:录制完成,调用MediaRecorder对象的stop()方法停止录制,并调用release()方法释放资源;
注意:上面的第3 和第4 两个步骤,千万不能搞反;否则程序将会抛出 IllegalStateException 异常;
3、MediaPlayer的状态图
我们参考MediaRecorder的状态图就可以明白MediaRecorder录制音频的步骤:
4、实例代码:
没抽取MediaRecorder之前的代码:
1、布局文件
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity" > <Button android:id="@+id/openRecord" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Open Record" android:textSize="20sp" /> <Button android:id="@+id/closeRecord" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Close Record" android:textSize="20sp" /> <Button android:id="@+id/playSound" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Play Sound" android:textSize="20sp" /> <Button android:id="@+id/stopSound" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Stop Sound" android:textSize="20sp" /></LinearLayout>
四个按钮作用分别是:开始录制音频、停止录制音频、开始播放音频、停止播放音频
2、MainActivity代码:
public class MyActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{ private Button bt_start; private Button bt_stop; private Button bt_play; private Button bt_stopSound; private MediaRecorder mRecorder; private MediaPlayer mPlayer; private File soundFile; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); } private void initView() { bt_start = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.openRecord); bt_stop = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.closeRecord); bt_play = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.playSound); bt_stopSound = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.stopSound); bt_start.setOnClickListener(this); bt_stop.setOnClickListener(this); bt_play.setOnClickListener(this); bt_stopSound.setOnClickListener(this); bt_play.setEnabled(false); bt_stopSound.setEnabled(false); mRecorder = new MediaRecorder(); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.openRecord: startRecord(); break; case R.id.closeRecord: stopRecord(); break; case R.id.playSound: playSound(); break; case R.id.stopSound: stopSound(); break; default: break; } } private void stopSound() { if(mPlayer.isPlaying()){ mPlayer.stop(); mPlayer.release(); mPlayer = null; } } private void stopRecord() { if(null != mRecorder){ mRecorder.stop(); mRecorder.release(); bt_play.setEnabled(true); bt_stopSound.setEnabled(true); } } private void playSound() { if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){ try { mPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); mPlayer.reset(); mPlayer.setDataSource(soundFile.getAbsolutePath()); mPlayer.prepare(); mPlayer.start(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private void startRecord() { if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){ //Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "SD卡不存在,请插入SD卡!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return; } try { //创建保存录制音频的文件 soundFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalFile(),"/sound.amr"); mRecorder.reset(); mRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); mRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP); mRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB); mRecorder.setOutputFile(soundFile.getAbsolutePath()); mRecorder.prepare(); mRecorder.start(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { if(null != mRecorder){ mRecorder.stop(); mRecorder.release(); mRecorder = null; } if(mPlayer != null){ mPlayer.stop(); mPlayer.release(); mPlayer = null; } super.onDestroy(); }}
在上面的MainActivity代码中,我们可以看到虽然我们对代码进行了很好的模块化,但感觉如果我们把MediaRecorder 重新封装,MainActivity的代码量会更简介;好了,现在我们就开始通过自定义一个MyMediaRecorder来封装MediaRecorder,在MainActivity中我们只需通过MyMediaRecorder的封装来调用MediaRecorder,可以简化MainActivity中的代码量;
3、MediaRecorder的封装
public class MyMediaRecorder { private MediaRecorder mRecorder; private Context context; public MyMediaRecorder(Context context){ mRecorder = new MediaRecorder(); this.context = context; } public void startRecord(File soundFile){ if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){ Toast.makeText(context, "SD卡不存在,请插入SD卡!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return; } try { mRecorder.reset(); mRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); mRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP); mRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB); mRecorder.setOutputFile(soundFile.getAbsolutePath()); mRecorder.prepare(); mRecorder.start(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void stopRecord(){ if(null != mRecorder){ mRecorder.stop(); mRecorder.release(); } } public void onDestroy(){ if(null != mRecorder){ mRecorder.stop(); mRecorder.release(); mRecorder = null; } }}
4、MediaPlayer的封装
同样我们也可以把MediaPlayer进行封装:
public class MyMediaPlayer { private MediaPlayer mPlayer; public MyMediaPlayer(){ mPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); } public void playSound(File soundFile){ try { mPlayer.reset(); mPlayer.setDataSource(soundFile.getAbsolutePath()); mPlayer.prepare(); mPlayer.start(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void stopSound(){ if(mPlayer.isPlaying()){ mPlayer.stop(); mPlayer.release(); mPlayer = null; } } public void onDestroy(){ if(mPlayer != null){ mPlayer.stop(); mPlayer.release(); mPlayer = null; } }}
5、封装之后的MainActivity 代码:
public class MyActivity02 extends Activity implements OnClickListener{ private Button bt_start; private Button bt_stop; private Button bt_play; private Button bt_stopSound; private MyMediaRecorder myMediaRecorder; private MyMediaPlayer myMediaPlayer; private File soundFile; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); } private void initView() { bt_start = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.openRecord); bt_stop = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.closeRecord); bt_play = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.playSound); bt_stopSound = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.stopSound); bt_start.setOnClickListener(this); bt_stop.setOnClickListener(this); bt_play.setOnClickListener(this); bt_stopSound.setOnClickListener(this); bt_play.setEnabled(false); bt_stopSound.setEnabled(false); //myMediaRecorder = new MyMediaRecorder(MainActivity.this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.openRecord: startRecord(); break; case R.id.closeRecord: stopRecord(); break; case R.id.playSound: playSound(); break; case R.id.stopSound: stopSound(); break; default: break; } } public void stopSound() { myMediaPlayer.stopSound(); } public void playSound() { if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){ myMediaPlayer = new MyMediaPlayer(); myMediaPlayer.playSound(soundFile); } } public void stopRecord() { myMediaRecorder.stopRecord(); bt_play.setEnabled(true); bt_stopSound.setEnabled(true); } public void startRecord() { try { soundFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalFile(),"/sound.amr"); if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){ myMediaRecorder.startRecord(soundFile); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void onDestroy() { myMediaRecorder.onDestroy(); myMediaPlayer.onDestroy(); }}
现在,我们在MainActivity中只需要通过封装好的MyMediaRecorder、MyMediaPlayer可以实现音频的录制;复杂的代码都被我们封装起来了,所以在我们的MainActivity中,代码看上去更精炼;
现在我们看一下我们的MainActivity 还能更进一步封装吗?
其实代码的封装就是把有共性的给抽取出来,放到另一个类中;现在我们可以看到在我们的MainActivity中,各种视图控件看上去占据了大部分代码量,很繁琐;由于视图控件是一个界面,主要是与用户进行交互的;看到他们的共性点,所以我们也是可以进行抽取的;
6、MainActivity的进一步抽取视图控件
我把所有在MainActivity中出现的视图控件,去不都抽取到MyManager中:
public class MyManager implements OnClickListener{ private Button bt_start; private Button bt_stop; private Button bt_play; private Button bt_stopSound; private MyMediaRecorder myMediaRecorder; private MyMediaPlayer myMediaPlayer; private File soundFile; private MainActivity context; public MyManager(Context context){ this.context = (MainActivity) context; } public void initView(){ bt_start = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.openRecord); bt_stop = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.closeRecord); bt_play = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.playSound); bt_stopSound = (Button) context.findViewById(R.id.stopSound); bt_start.setOnClickListener(this); bt_stop.setOnClickListener(this); bt_play.setOnClickListener(this); bt_stopSound.setOnClickListener(this); bt_play.setEnabled(false); bt_stopSound.setEnabled(false); myMediaRecorder = new MyMediaRecorder(context); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.openRecord: startRecord(); break; case R.id.closeRecord: stopRecord(); break; case R.id.playSound: playSound(); break; case R.id.stopSound: stopSound(); break; default: break; } } public void stopSound() { myMediaPlayer.stopSound(); } public void playSound() { if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){ myMediaPlayer = new MyMediaPlayer(); myMediaPlayer.playSound(soundFile); } } public void stopRecord() { myMediaRecorder.stopRecord(); bt_play.setEnabled(true); bt_stopSound.setEnabled(true); } public void startRecord() { try { soundFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalFile(),"/sound.amr"); if(soundFile != null && soundFile.exists()){ myMediaRecorder.startRecord(soundFile); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void onDestroy() { myMediaRecorder.onDestroy(); myMediaPlayer.onDestroy(); }}
现在让我们再看一下MainActivity 的代码:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private MyManager manager; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); } private void initView() { manager = new MyManager(MainActivity.this); manager.initView(); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { manager.onDestroy(); }}
是不是很惊讶,简简单单的4行代码;对!!!这就是抽取、封装的重要性,它能把我们的代码进行提炼,让代码更精炼,更方便阅读;
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