对 Jenkins+ANT+Jmeter 接口测试的实践

1、前言

最近感觉大家都在讲Jenkins+jmeter+ant或maven的使用，但没有说到具体怎么投入到项目使用，只有比较基本的流程说说，所以我今天要说的就是我是怎么将这个方案投入到实际中使用的，jmeter和ant，之前做性能测试是用loadrunner，接口测试使用RobotFramework+Request来做的，loadrunner用来做简单接口测试太笨重而且成效不高，RobotFramework+Request虽然可以使用数据驱动模式，但测试报告就会显示很鸡肋，因为基本是一个测试用例在循环，所以后面使用了Jenkins+jmeter+ant的方案

2、框架与数据准备

在做接口测试框架之前，我研究了一下jmeter工具特征和本身项目接口的特征，jmeter是以请求为单位，不是以脚本或测试用例为单位，既然这样，我就可以每次循环获取接口或对应数据进行测试了，加上之前在testerhome上看到一些大神写的接口测试框架，其实框架是死的，思想是活的，利用这个活的特点，后面就想了一套比较简单的框架，可以看下图

是的，我的测试数据是用Excel管理的，Excel的测试数据可看下图

从数据格式可以看出，做了用例的执行标识，选中为YES时才执行，NO时不执行，这是一个用例选择执行的简单设计，还有请求的方法也是可以选择的，目前项目中的主要用POST和GET，除此之外之后要获取的还有用例名，调用的接口和具体的测试请求数据，这就是使用excel管理测试用例的模块
数据准备好以后做一些全局或初始的配置，一般就是改jmeter.properties里面对应的配置

是的，里面这行本来是默认指定为user.properties，但有自己个性化的需求，例如服务器和测试账号

配置基本完成，之后就是项目的目录架构,conf就是放配置文件的，如myuser.properties，jmx就是对应的脚本，report是输出的测试报告路径，res是一些上传文件所用的测试资源等，test_data是为后期性能测试作准备的，现在先忽略，test_suite就是放excel表格的，build.xml就不多说了，就是ant的执行文件

3、脚本设计

好吧，接下来就是jmx脚本的设计，如下图，这是一些变量的设置

还有上文提到用myuser.properties配置的，这些在jmeter中作为变量来使用

然后对于读取数据，我是用了beanshell写了简单的java读取excel的脚本构建起与测试数据的连接，首先是先获取测试用例数，用于设置执行循环请求的次数，这里是用前置处理器的方式获取数据的，前置处理器需要sampler紧接着在其后使用，不然是不会执行的，所有我把它放在了登录的请求里面

具体的代码：

<code><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"test_data"</span><span class="o">);</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="o">];</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">content</span><span class="o">;</span><span class="n">InputStream</span> <span class="n">openfile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">FileInputStream</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">);</span> <span class="n">Workbook</span> <span class="n">wb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Workbook</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getWorkbook</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">openfile</span><span class="o">);</span><span class="n">Sheet</span> <span class="n">FirstSheet</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getSheet</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">);</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">totalRows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">FirstSheet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getRows</span><span class="o">();</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">totalRows</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">;</span>    <span class="c1">//减1是因为我标题行不取，为了后面从第二行开始取</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="o">();</span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">);</span>   <span class="c1">//用例行数</span><span class="n">wb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="o">();</span></code>

然后获取正常的测试数据是用beanshell sampler，这个有个大坑，就是用sampler来获取数据的话到时在测试报告会显示出来，但实际上其不是测试用例，后面会说我目前是怎么破的，反正取数据的操作最好就是不要显示在测试报告的统计上,这里就是取到刚才所说的测试用到的值，执行标识load，用例名称testcase，调用接口inter，请求方法method，请求数据request以及预期结果断言response，之前就将他们作为变量传到脚本当中

具体的代码（补充说明一下，取excel我是用jxl.jar去读的，但有部分小伙伴喜欢用POI去读，反正原理都是一样的，像在平时编写代码那样导入包就好了）：

<code>    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">;</span>    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">;</span>    <span class="n">String</span> <span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="o">];</span>    <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">content</span><span class="o">;</span>    <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"test_data"</span><span class="o">);</span>    <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">str</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"rownum"</span><span class="o">);</span>    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">parseInt</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="o">);</span>     <span class="n">InputStream</span> <span class="n">openfile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">FileInputStream</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">);</span>          <span class="n">Workbook</span> <span class="n">wb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Workbook</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getWorkbook</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">openfile</span><span class="o">);</span>        <span class="n">Sheet</span> <span class="n">FirstSheet</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getSheet</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">);</span>        <span class="k">for</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">;</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="o">;</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++){</span>                    <span class="c1">//9是因为我表格就是9列的</span>            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">){</span>            <span class="c1">//表格中白色的两行不取</span>            <span class="n">Cell</span> <span class="n">oCell</span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FirstSheet</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getCell</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">);</span>            <span class="n">content</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">oCell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getContents</span><span class="o">();</span>            <span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="o">;</span>            <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">++;</span>            <span class="o">}</span>        <span class="o">}</span>            <span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"load"</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">]);</span>     <span class="c1">//标识</span>            <span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"testcase"</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]);</span>   <span class="c1">//用例名称</span>            <span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"inter"</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]);</span>     <span class="c1">//接口</span>            <span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"method"</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]);</span>    <span class="c1">//请求方法</span>            <span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"request"</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">]);</span>      <span class="c1">//请求数据</span>            <span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"response"</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">datalist</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]);</span>   <span class="c1">///断言校验</span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">content</span><span class="o">;</span></code>

执行的效果如下图，开始在登录完之后拿到测试用例的数量，作为循环的次数，做个计数器用来excel行的遍历，使用if控制器判断执行方法，如果是YES的话才执行请求，如果method是POST就是执行POST请求的http sampler，GET就执行GET请求的http sampler，然后输出的请求结果会有对应的用例名称，最后在响应断言中填上response变量，基本的脚本设计就完成了

具体http请求也是很简单的

4、整理测试报告

脚本设计完以后，用ant去执行jmx就可以了，至于怎么用ant去执行我就不多说了，去网上搜一下大把的教程，我这里是同时输出了两份测试报告，一份是作简单的统计用，就是jmeter-results-detail-report_21.xsl那份

还有是查看测试数据详情用的，就是jmeter-results-shanhe-me.xsl，两份报告之间做了一个比较简单的跳转，方便查看

其实在这里我是用了比较取巧的方法把之前取数据的sampler过滤掉了，不输出到html测试报告，打开输出的jtl看一下你就懂了

所以两份测试报告我也做了一些手脚，但这个不是明智的方法，只不过是没有办法中的办法，就是去改上文的两个xsl
统计的

查看数据的

其实这些也是我之后要优化的地方，只是目前太急要出个方案罢了

说了那么多，还没说到jenkins，至于怎么使用，https://testerhome.com/topics/5099，大同小异，就是这样用就好