Java 中队列的使用示例及常用方法示例和比较

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在java5中新增加了java.util.Queue接口,用以支持队列的常见操作。

Queue接口与List、Set同一级别,都是继承了Collection接口。
Queue使用时要尽量避免Collection的add()和remove()方法,而是要使用offer()来加入元素,使用poll()来获取并移出元素。
新加的方法肯定有好处,不然干嘛加他,直接用add和remove方法不就好啦。add()和remove()方法在失败的时候会抛出异常。
 如果要使用前端而不移出该元素,使用 element()或者peek()方法。
值得注意的是LinkedList类实现了Queue接口,因此我们可以把LinkedList当成Queue来用。
LinkedList实现了Queue接口。

附上使用的示例代码,如下:

import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.Queue;class Hello {    public static void main(String[] a) {        Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<>();        queue.offer("1");//插入一个元素        queue.offer("2");        queue.offer("3");        //打印元素个数        System.out.println("queue.size()  " + queue.size());//queue.size()  3        //遍历打印所有的元素,按照插入的顺序打印        for (String string : queue) {            System.out.println(string);        }        System.out.println("queue.size()  " + queue.size());//queue.size()  3   上面只是简单循环,没改变队列        String getOneFrom1 = queue.element();        System.out.println("getOneFrom1  " + getOneFrom1);//getOneFrom1  1          因为使用前端而不移出该元素        System.out.println("queue.size()  " + queue.size());//queue.size()  3       队列变啦才怪        String getOneFrom2 = queue.peek();        System.out.println("getOneFrom2  " + getOneFrom2);//getOneFrom2  1          因为使用前端而不移出该元素        System.out.println("queue.size()  " + queue.size());//queue.size()  3       队列变啦才怪        String getOneFrom3 = queue.poll();        System.out.println("getOneFrom3  " + getOneFrom3);//getOneFrom3  1          获取并移出元素        System.out.println("queue.size()  " + queue.size());//queue.size()  2       队列变啦    }}
然后就是证明上面的结论是正确的,看看了队列这个接口的代码,如下:真不多。一共就六个方法。

//摘自Java 1.8 源码,注释摘一半不到.这个接口,就这么几个方法,好幸福啊,这么少。public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E> {    /**     * Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do so     * immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning     * {@code true} upon success and throwing an {@code IllegalStateException}     * if no space is currently available.     * ......     */    boolean add(E e);//比offer多丢了个异常,跟容量相关    /**     * Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do     * so immediately without violating capacity restrictions.     * When using a capacity-restricted queue, this method is generally     * preferable to {@link #add}, which can fail to insert an element only     * by throwing an exception.     * ......     */    boolean offer(E e);    /**     * Retrieves and removes the head of this queue.  This method differs     * from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an exception if this     * queue is empty.     * ......     */    E remove();//与poll的差别是当队列是空的时候,这个要报异常,下面返回null    /**     * Retrieves and removes the head of this queue,     * or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.     * ....     */    E poll();    /**     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue.  This method     * differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an exception     * if this queue is empty.     * ......     */    E element();//当队列空的时候异常,下面的只是返回null    /**     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue,     * or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.     * ......     */    E peek();}



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