Java爬虫到一些总结和心得
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最近做了很多关于爬虫到项目，写点感想，以后查询
1.请求http连接，并保存内容，catch不同到exception进行反爬处理
int countUrl=0; public String getOneHtml(String htmlurl,String encoding,String cookie) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//最多重复请求5次，用来反爬的 if(countUrl==5){ countUrl=0; return "0"; } //System.out.println(cookie); String temp; final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); HttpURLConnection httpConn = null; try { URL url = new URL(htmlurl); httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //头设置，get方法
HttpURLConnection.setFollowRedirects(true); httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/33.0.1750.152 Safari/537.36"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Connection","keep-alive"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("cookie",cookie); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Cache-control","no-cache, no-store"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Host","www.linkedin.com"); httpConn.setConnectTimeout(20000); httpConn.setReadTimeout(20000); // logger.info(httpConn.getResponseMessage()); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpConn.getInputStream(), encoding));////打开连接，获取内容 if(httpConn.getResponseCode()!=200){ //System.out.println(httpConn.getHeaderField("location")); // System.out.println(httpConn.getResponseCode()+htmlurl); httpConn.disconnect(); Thread.sleep(30000); cookie=login(); return getOneHtml(htmlurl,encoding,cookie); } while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) //替换点一些无用到符号 { temp=temp.replaceAll(" ",""); temp=temp.replaceAll("u002d","-"); temp=temp.replaceAll("u0026","&"); temp=temp.replaceAll("u002d","-"); temp=temp.replaceAll("u0026","&"); temp=temp.replaceAll("n",""); temp=temp.replaceAll("t",""); temp=temp.replaceAll("r",""); sb.append(temp); } in.close(); httpConn.disconnect(); } catch (final MalformedURLException me) { System.out.println("url不存在!"); me.getMessage(); throw me; } catch (final FileNotFoundException me) { System.out.println(htmlurl+"反爬启动"); return "0"; } catch (final IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("反爬启动:"+htmlurl+"次数:"+countUrl++); httpConn.disconnect(); Thread.sleep(20000); return this.getOneHtml(htmlurl, encoding,cookie); } //System.out.println(sb); countUrl=0; httpConn.disconnect(); return sb.toString(); }
2.模拟登录，获取cookie：
[java] view plain copy print ?
public String login() throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException{ //Thread.sleep(3000000); String htmlurl="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit"; HttpURLConnection httpConn = null; String cookie=""; try { URL url = new URL(htmlurl); httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); HttpURLConnection.setFollowRedirects(true); httpConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/33.0.1750.152 Safari/537.36"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Connection","keep-alive"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Cache-control","no-cache, no-store"); httpConn.setRequestProperty("Host","www.linkedin.com"); //httpConn.setRequestProperty("Referer","https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login?session_redirect=http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=222323610&authType=name&authToken=fcEe"); //post方法，重定向设置 httpConn.setDoOutput(true); httpConn.setDoInput(true); httpConn.setUseCaches(false); httpConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); //写入，post方法必须用流写入的方式传输数据 StringBuffer str_buf = new StringBuffer(4096); OutputStream os = httpConn.getOutputStream(); str_buf.append("session_key").append("=").append("email").append("&"); str_buf.append("session_password").append("=").append("gmail").append("&"); //str_buf.append("session_redirect").append("=").append(redictURL); os.write(str_buf.toString().getBytes()); os.flush(); os.close(); httpConn.setConnectTimeout(20000); httpConn.setReadTimeout(20000); //获取重定向和cookie //String redictURL= httpConn.getHeaderField( "Location" ); //System.out.println("第一次请求重定向地址 location="+redictURL); //获取cookie Map> map=httpConn.getHeaderFields(); //System.out.println(map.toString()); Set set=map.keySet(); for (Iterator iterator = set.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) { String key = iterator.next(); if(key!=null){ if (key.equals("Set-Cookie")) { System.out.println("key=" + key+",开始获取cookie"); List list = map.get(key); for (String str : list) { String temp=str.split("=")[0]; //System.out.println(temp);
//cookie包含到信息非常多，调试发现登录只需这条信息 if(temp.equals("li_at")){ cookie=str; return cookie; } } } } } httpConn.disconnect(); } catch (final MalformedURLException me) { System.out.println("url不存在!"); me.getMessage(); throw me; } catch (final FileNotFoundException me) { System.out.println(htmlurl+"反爬启动"); return "0"; } catch (final IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("反爬启动:"+htmlurl+"次数:"+countUrl++); httpConn.disconnect(); Thread.sleep(20000); return login(); } //System.out.println(sb); return cookie; //return redictURL;
以上是http处理部分，灵活应用post和get方法，可以获取HTML内容。
但是不同网站反爬策略不同。有的封IP，需要登录到有封帐号的，我这个是最简单到断开链接的，直接进程休眠。。。需要换IP，代理，cookie的情况，可以自己分析，基本也就是设置httpConn的一些值。
3.数据获取：
我一般采用正则匹配，这比较适用于爬取数据不多，网站只返回HTML内容，非常不规范的。。。比如linkedin，所有数据都在一个注释到json里，各种链接和奇怪的符号，用工具很难解析。。。
//教育信息"fosList":.*?schoolLogo String edu="null"; ArrayList listEdu=new ArrayList(); String regex1 = ""fosList":.*?schoolLogo"; Pattern pa1 = Pattern.compile(regex1, Pattern.DOTALL); Matcher ma1 = pa1.matcher(s); while(ma1.find()){ EduInfor ei=new EduInfor(ui.getCv_id()); edu=ma1.group(); //学校 String school="null"; String regex = ""schoolName":.*?,"; Pattern pa= Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL); Matcher ma = pa.matcher(edu); if(ma.find()){ school=ma.group(); school=school.replaceAll(""schoolName":", ""); school=school.replaceAll(""", ""); school=school.replaceAll(",", ""); if(!school.equals("")){ ei.setCollege(school); } } //学位 String degree="null"; regex = ""fmt__degree_highlight":.*?,"; pa= Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL); ma = pa.matcher(edu); if(ma.find()){ degree=ma.group(); degree=degree.replaceAll(""fmt__degree_highlight":", ""); degree=degree.replaceAll(""", ""); degree=degree.replaceAll(",", ""); degree=degree.replaceAll("u0027s", ""); if(!degree.equals("")){ ei.setDegree_name(degree); } } //专业 String major="null"; regex = ""fmt__fos_highlight":.*?,"; pa= Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL); ma = pa.matcher(edu); if(ma.find()){ major=ma.group(); major=major.replaceAll(""fmt__fos_highlight":", ""); major=major.replaceAll(""", ""); major=major.replaceAll(",", ""); if(!major.equals("")){ ei.setMajor(major); } } //学历"grade":"1st" String academic="null"; regex = ""grade":.*?,"; pa= Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL); ma = pa.matcher(edu); if(ma.find()){ academic=ma.group(); academic=academic.replaceAll(""grade":", ""); academic=academic.replaceAll(""", ""); academic=academic.replaceAll(",", ""); if(!academic.equals("")){ ei.setAcademic_name(academic); } } //时间"enddate_my":"2005","startdate_my":"2002" String s_time="null"; regex = ""startdate_my":.*?,"; pa= Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL); ma = pa.matcher(edu); if(ma.find()){ s_time=ma.group(); s_time=s_time.replaceAll(""startdate_my":", ""); s_time=s_time.replaceAll(""", ""); s_time=s_time.replaceAll(",", ""); s_time=s_time.replaceAll(" ", ""); if(!s_time.equals("")){ ei.setStart_time(s_time); } } String e_time="null"; regex = ""enddate_my":.*?,"; pa= Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL); ma = pa.matcher(edu); if(ma.find()){ e_time=ma.group(); e_time=e_time.replaceAll(""enddate_my":", ""); e_time=e_time.replaceAll(""", ""); e_time=e_time.replaceAll(",", ""); e_time=e_time.replaceAll(" ", ""); if(!e_time.equals("")){ ei.setEnd_time(e_time); } }else{ ei.setEnd_time("目前"); } listEdu.add(ei); }
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