Parsing XML Data

推荐使用XmlPullParser 来parse xml中的内容。
下面是XMl的例子
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:creativeCommons="http://backend.userland.com/creativeCommonsRssModule" ...">
<title type="text">newest questions tagged android - Stack Overflow</title>
...
    <entry>
    ...
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <id>http://stackoverflow.com/q/9439999</id>
        <re:rank scheme="http://stackoverflow.com">0</re:rank>
        <title type="text">Where is my data file?</title>
        <category scheme="http://stackoverflow.com/feeds/tag?tagnames=android&sort=newest/tags" term="android"/>
        <category scheme="http://stackoverflow.com/feeds/tag?tagnames=android&sort=newest/tags" term="file"/>
        <author>
            <name>cliff2310</name>
            <uri>http://stackoverflow.com/users/1128925</uri>
        </author>
        <link rel="alternate" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9439999/where-is-my-data-file" />
        <published>2012-02-25T00:30:54Z</published>
        <updated>2012-02-25T00:30:54Z</updated>
        <summary type="html">
            <p>I have an Application that requires a data file...</p>


        </summary>
    </entry>
    <entry>
    ...
    </entry>
...
</feed>


然后需要初始化一个parse
public class StackOverflowXmlParser {
    // We don't use namespaces
    private static final String ns = null;


    public List parse(InputStream in) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        try {
            XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
            parser.setFeature(XmlPullParser.FEATURE_PROCESS_NAMESPACES, false);
            parser.setInput(in, null);
            parser.nextTag();
            return readFeed(parser);
        } finally {
            in.close();
        }
    }
 ...
}
调用readFeed来读取xml中的feed项，在feed中找entry作为起点，由于feed中有很多entry，所以readFeed 返回一个list.


private List readFeed(XmlPullParser parser) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
    List entries = new ArrayList();


    parser.require(XmlPullParser.START_TAG, ns, "feed");
    while (parser.next() != XmlPullParser.END_TAG) {
        if (parser.getEventType() != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
            continue;
        }
        String name = parser.getName();
        // Starts by looking for the entry tag
        if (name.equals("entry")) {
            entries.add(readEntry(parser));
        } else {
            skip(parser);
        }
    }
    return entries;
}


同样可以调用readTitle等方法，写法都是类似的


public static class Entry {
    public final String title;
    public final String link;
    public final String summary;


    private Entry(String title, String summary, String link) {
        this.title = title;
        this.summary = summary;
        this.link = link;
    }
}


// Parses the contents of an entry. If it encounters a title, summary, or link tag, hands them off
// to their respective "read" methods for processing. Otherwise, skips the tag.
private Entry readEntry(XmlPullParser parser) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
    parser.require(XmlPullParser.START_TAG, ns, "entry");
    String title = null;
    String summary = null;
    String link = null;
    while (parser.next() != XmlPullParser.END_TAG) {
        if (parser.getEventType() != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
            continue;
        }
        String name = parser.getName();
        if (name.equals("title")) {
            title = readTitle(parser);
        } else if (name.equals("summary")) {
            summary = readSummary(parser);
        } else if (name.equals("link")) {
            link = readLink(parser);
        } else {
            skip(parser);
        }
    }
    return new Entry(title, summary, link);
}


// Processes title tags in the feed.
private String readTitle(XmlPullParser parser) throws IOException, XmlPullParserException {
    parser.require(XmlPullParser.START_TAG, ns, "title");
    String title = readText(parser);
    parser.require(XmlPullParser.END_TAG, ns, "title");
    return title;
}


// Processes link tags in the feed.
private String readLink(XmlPullParser parser) throws IOException, XmlPullParserException {
    String link = "";
    parser.require(XmlPullParser.START_TAG, ns, "link");
    String tag = parser.getName();
    String relType = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "rel");
    if (tag.equals("link")) {
        if (relType.equals("alternate")){
            link = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "href");
            parser.nextTag();
        }
    }
    parser.require(XmlPullParser.END_TAG, ns, "link");
    return link;
}


// Processes summary tags in the feed.
private String readSummary(XmlPullParser parser) throws IOException, XmlPullParserException {
    parser.require(XmlPullParser.START_TAG, ns, "summary");
    String summary = readText(parser);
    parser.require(XmlPullParser.END_TAG, ns, "summary");
    return summary;
}


// For the tags title and summary, extracts their text values.
private String readText(XmlPullParser parser) throws IOException, XmlPullParserException {
    String result = "";
    if (parser.next() == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
        result = parser.getText();
        parser.nextTag();
    }
    return result;
}
  ...
}




可以通过parse.next 跳过不用的tag，code 如下：
private void skip(XmlPullParser parser) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
    if (parser.getEventType() != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
        throw new IllegalStateException();
    }
    int depth = 1;
    while (depth != 0) {
        switch (parser.next()) {
        case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
            depth--;
            break;
        case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
            depth++;
            break;
        }
    }
 }


一般通过AsyncTask 来从network上下载xml 下面是一个例子
public class NetworkActivity extends Activity {
    public static final String WIFI = "Wi-Fi";
    public static final String ANY = "Any";
    private static final String URL = "http://stackoverflow.com/feeds/tag?tagnames=android&sort=newest";


    // Whether there is a Wi-Fi connection.
    private static boolean wifiConnected = false;
    // Whether there is a mobile connection.
    private static boolean mobileConnected = false;
    // Whether the display should be refreshed.
    public static boolean refreshDisplay = true;
    public static String sPref = null;


    ...


    // Uses AsyncTask to download the XML feed from stackoverflow.com.
    public void loadPage() {


        if((sPref.equals(ANY)) && (wifiConnected || mobileConnected)) {
            new DownloadXmlTask().execute(URL);
        }
        else if ((sPref.equals(WIFI)) && (wifiConnected)) {
            new DownloadXmlTask().execute(URL);
        } else {
            // show error
        }
    }




private class DownloadXmlTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... urls) {
        try {
            return loadXmlFromNetwork(urls[0]);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return getResources().getString(R.string.connection_error);
        } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
            return getResources().getString(R.string.xml_error);
        }
    }


    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        // Displays the HTML string in the UI via a WebView
        WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
        myWebView.loadData(result, "text/html", null);
    }
}


// Uploads XML from stackoverflow.com, parses it, and combines it with
// HTML markup. Returns HTML string.
private String loadXmlFromNetwork(String urlString) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
    InputStream stream = null;
    // Instantiate the parser
    StackOverflowXmlParser stackOverflowXmlParser = new StackOverflowXmlParser();
    List<Entry> entries = null;
    String title = null;
    String url = null;
    String summary = null;
    Calendar rightNow = Calendar.getInstance();
    DateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("MMM dd h:mmaa");


    // Checks whether the user set the preference to include summary text
    SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
    boolean pref = sharedPrefs.getBoolean("summaryPref", false);


    StringBuilder htmlString = new StringBuilder();
    htmlString.append("<h3>" + getResources().getString(R.string.page_title) + "</h3>");
    htmlString.append("<em>" + getResources().getString(R.string.updated) + " " +
            formatter.format(rightNow.getTime()) + "</em>");


    try {
        stream = downloadUrl(urlString);
        entries = stackOverflowXmlParser.parse(stream);
    // Makes sure that the InputStream is closed after the app is
    // finished using it.
    } finally {
        if (stream != null) {
            stream.close();
        }
     }


    // StackOverflowXmlParser returns a List (called "entries") of Entry objects.
    // Each Entry object represents a single post in the XML feed.
    // This section processes the entries list to combine each entry with HTML markup.
    // Each entry is displayed in the UI as a link that optionally includes
    // a text summary.
    for (Entry entry : entries) {
        htmlString.append("<p><a href='");
        htmlString.append(entry.link);
        htmlString.append("'>" + entry.title + "</a></p>");
        // If the user set the preference to include summary text,
        // adds it to the display.
        if (pref) {
            htmlString.append(entry.summary);
        }
    }
    return htmlString.toString();
}


// Given a string representation of a URL, sets up a connection and gets
// an input stream.
private InputStream downloadUrl(String urlString) throws IOException {
    URL url = new URL(urlString);
    HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    conn.setReadTimeout(10000 /* milliseconds */);
    conn.setConnectTimeout(15000 /* milliseconds */);
    conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
    conn.setDoInput(true);
    // Starts the query
    conn.connect();
    return conn.getInputStream();
}