Objective-C: Foundation——NSArray、NSMutableArray

1.NSArray

1.1 创建方法(5种)
1.2 求数组长度
1.3 根据指定下标获取元素值
1.4 根据元素值求下标
1.5 遍历(2种)

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    @autoreleasepool {        //创建方法        NSArray *array1=[NSArray array]; //空数组，没有意思。        NSArray *array2=[NSArray arrayWithObject:@"one"];//只有一个元素的数组        NSArray *array3=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"one", @"two",@"three",nil];//有多个元素的数组。        NSLog(@"array3:%@",array3);        NSArray *array4=@[@"one",@"two",@"three"]; //优化后的方法，最常用        NSLog(@"array4:%@",array4);        NSArray *array5=[NSArray arrayWithArray:array4]; //生成数组副本        NSLog(@"%p,%p",array5,array4);        //求数组元素个数        NSUInteger length=array4.count;        NSLog(@"array4的元素个数:%lu",length);        //求数组指定下标对应的元素值        NSString *str=[array4 objectAtIndex:1];        NSLog(@"下标为1的元素:%@",str);        NSLog(@"%@",array4[1]);  //优化后的方法，常用        str = [array4 lastObject];  //返回最后一个元素        NSLog(@"最后一个元素:%@",str);        str =[array4 firstObject];  //返回第一个元素        NSLog(@"第一个元素:%@",str);        //根据元素值求其在数组中的下标        NSUInteger index= [array4 indexOfObject:@"two"];        NSLog(@"two的下标:%lu",index);        index=[array4 indexOfObject:@"5"];        NSLog(@"%lu",index);        if(index>=array4.count)        {            NSLog(@"该元素不在数组中");        }        //遍历        for(int i=0;i<array4.count;i++)  //面向过程循环遍历        {            NSLog(@"%@",array4[i]);        }        NSLog(@"--------");        for(NSString* str in array4)    //面向对象循环遍历        {            NSLog(@"%@",str);        }        NSArray *array6=@[@"onr",@"two",@"three",@"two"];        for(NSString *str in array6)        {            if([str isEqualToString:@"two"]==YES)                NSLog(@"%@",str);        }    }    return 0;}

运行结果

2016-08-26 10:57:18.782 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] array3:(    one,    two,    three)2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] array4:(    one,    two,    three)2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] 0x100200ab0,0x1002002502016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] array4的元素个数:32016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] 下标为1的元素:two2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] two2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] 最后一个元素:three2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] 第一个元素:one2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] two的下标:12016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] 92233720368547758072016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] 该元素不在数组中2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] (    one,    two,    three)2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] one2016-08-26 10:57:18.783 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] two2016-08-26 10:57:18.784 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] three2016-08-26 10:57:18.784 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] --------2016-08-26 10:57:18.784 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] one2016-08-26 10:57:18.784 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] two2016-08-26 10:57:18.784 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] three2016-08-26 10:57:18.784 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] two2016-08-26 10:57:18.784 cz_day21_03[1965:69922] twoProgram ended with exit code: 0

练习
建一个Student类
.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface CZStudent : NSObject@property NSString* name;@property int age;-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andAge:(int)age;+(id)studentWithName:(NSString*)name andAge:(int)age;-(void)show;@end

.m文件

#import "CZStudent.h"@implementation CZStudent-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andAge:(int)age{    self = [super init];    if (self) {        self.name=name;        self.age=age;    }    return self;}+(id)studentWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age{    __autoreleasing CZStudent *stu=[[CZStudent alloc]initWithName:name andAge:age];    return stu;}-(void)show{    NSLog(@"name:%@,age:%d",self.name,self.age);}-(NSString*)description  //重写方法{    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@,age:%d",self.name,self.age];}@end

main函数

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "CZStudent.h"//将基本数据类型的数据10、3.14、‘a’，还有学生类的对象放入一个数组中，并遍历数组int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    @autoreleasepool {        NSNumber *n=[NSNumber numberWithInt:10];        NSNumber *d=[NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.14];        CZStudent*stu=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"xiaoming" andAge:18];        NSArray *array=@[n,d,@"a",stu];        for(id obj in array)        {            NSLog(@"%@",obj);        }    }    return 0;}

汉字转换汉语拼音

    NSMutableString *str=[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"计算机语言"];  //转换的必须是可变字符串        //带音标        if(CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)str,0, kCFStringTransformMandarinLatin, NO))        {            NSLog(@"%@",str);        }        //不带音标        if(CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)str, 0,kCFStringTransformStripDiacritics,NO))        {            NSLog(@"%@",str);        }

1.6 排序

建一个Integer类
.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface CZInteger : NSObject@property int integer;-(id)initWithInteger:(int)integer;+(id)integerWithInteger:(int)integer;-(void)show;-(NSComparisonResult)compareInteger:(CZInteger*)other;  //声明排序规则@end

.m文件

#import "CZInteger.h"@implementation CZInteger-(id)initWithInteger:(int)integer{    if(self=[super init])    {        self.integer=integer;    }    return self;}+(id)integerWithInteger:(int)integer{    __autoreleasing CZInteger* i=[[CZInteger alloc]initWithInteger:integer];    return i;}-(void)show{    NSLog(@"%d",self.integer);}-(NSString*)description{    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",self.integer];}-(NSComparisonResult)compareInteger:(CZInteger *)other  //升序规则，>,<变更一下就变成降序规则{    if(self.integer<other.integer)    {        return NSOrderedAscending;    }    else if(self.integer>other.integer)    {        return NSOrderedDescending;    }    else        return NSOrderedSame;}@end

main函数

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "CZInteger.h"int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    @autoreleasepool {        CZInteger *i1=[CZInteger integerWithInteger:10];        CZInteger *i2=[CZInteger integerWithInteger:3];        CZInteger *i3=[CZInteger integerWithInteger:8];        CZInteger *i4=[CZInteger integerWithInteger:17];        CZInteger *i5=[CZInteger integerWithInteger:5];        NSArray *array=@[i1,i2,i3,i4,i5];        NSArray *sorted=[array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareInteger:)];        NSLog(@"%@",sorted);    }    return 0;}

运行结果

2016-08-26 14:30:21.719 cz_day21_05[2873:183915] (    3,    5,    8,    10,    17)Program ended with exit code: 0

练习
建一个Student类
.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface CZStudent : NSObject@property NSString* name;@property int age;@property NSMutableString *pinYin;-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andAge:(int)age;+(id)studentWthName:(NSString*)name andAge:(int)age;-(NSComparisonResult)compareAge:(CZStudent*)other;-(NSComparisonResult)compareName:(CZStudent *)other;@end

.m文件

#import "CZStudent.h"@implementation CZStudent-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andAge:(int)age{    self = [super init];    if (self) {        self.name=name;        self.pinYin=[NSMutableString stringWithString:self.name];        CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)self.pinYin, 0, kCFStringTransformMandarinLatin, NO);//将汉字转换成拼音        self.age=age;    }    return self;}+(id)studentWthName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age{    __autoreleasing CZStudent* stu=[[CZStudent alloc]initWithName:name andAge:age];    return stu;}-(NSString*)description{    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@,age:%d",self.name,self.age];}-(NSComparisonResult)compareAge:(CZStudent*)other{    if(self.age<other.age)    {        return NSOrderedAscending;    }    else if(self.age>other.age)    {        return NSOrderedDescending;    }    else        return NSOrderedSame;}-(NSComparisonResult)compareName:(CZStudent *)other{    return [self.pinYin compare:other.pinYin];}@end

main函数

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "CZStudent.h"int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    @autoreleasepool {        CZStudent* s1=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"张三" andAge:19];        CZStudent* s2=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"李四" andAge:10];        CZStudent* s3=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"王五" andAge:28];        CZStudent* s4=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"赵六" andAge:3];        CZStudent* s5=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"钱七" andAge:22];        NSArray *array=@[s1,s2,s3,s4,s5];        //年龄排序        NSArray *sorted=[array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareAge:)];        for(id obj in sorted)        {            NSLog(@"%@",obj);        }        //姓名排序        NSArray *sortedName=[array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareName:)];        NSLog(@"---------");        for(id obj in sortedName)        {            NSLog(@"%@",obj);        }    }    return 0;}

运行结果

016-08-26 15:37:32.846 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:赵六,age:32016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:李四,age:102016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:张三,age:192016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:钱七,age:222016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:王五,age:282016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] ---------2016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:李四,age:102016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:钱七,age:222016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:王五,age:282016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:赵六,age:32016-08-26 15:37:32.847 cz_day21_06[3367:209237] name:张三,age:19Program ended with exit code: 0

1.7 副本中的数组元素，深浅拷贝生成方法

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "CZStudent.h"int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    @autoreleasepool {        CZStudent* s1=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"张三" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s2=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"李四" andAge:20];        CZStudent* s3=[CZStudent studentWthName:@"王五" andAge:19];        NSArray *stu=@[s1,s2,s3];        NSArray *copied=[[NSArray alloc]initWithArray:stu copyItems:NO];//写成NO是引用计数拷贝        NSLog(@"s1:%p,stu[0]:%p,copied[0]%p",s1,stu[0],copied[0]);        //深拷贝        NSArray *copiedDeep=[[NSArray alloc]initWithArray:stu copyItems:YES];        NSLog(@"s1:%p,stu[0]:%p,copiedDeep[0]%p",s1,stu[0],copied[0]);    }    return 0;}

运行结果

2016-08-26 16:13:53.164 cz_day21_08[3770:220267] s1:0x100700320,stu[0]:0x100700320,copied[0]0x1007003202016-08-26 16:13:53.165 cz_day21_08[3770:220267] s1:0x100700320,stu[0]:0x100700320,copiedDeep[0]0x100700320Program ended with exit code: 0

3.NSMutableArray

3.1 可变数组
3.2 创建方法(3种)
3.3 添加方法(2种)
3.4 修改方法(2种)
3.5 删除方法(6种)

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    @autoreleasepool {        //创建方法        NSMutableArray *array1=[NSMutableArray array];  //空数组，有意义        NSMutableArray *array2=[NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:100]; //预估值        NSMutableArray *array3=@[@"one",@"two"]; //会退化成NSArray        NSMutableArray *array4=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three", nil];        NSLog(@"array4:%@",array4);        //添加元素        [array4 addObject:@"four"]; //在最后追加一个元素        NSLog(@"末尾加元素:%@",array4);        [array4 insertObject:@"five" atIndex:1];        NSLog(@"在指定下标加元素:%@",array4);        //修改        [array4 replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:@"aaa"];//修改指定下标元素        NSLog(@"修改指定下标元素:%@",array4);        NSArray *replace =@[@"five",@"six",@"seven",@"eight",@"nine",@"ten"];        [array4 replaceObjectsInRange:NSMakeRange(1,2) withObjectsFromArray:replace];//批量修改        NSLog(@"批量修改:%@",array4);        //删除方法        [array4 removeLastObject]; //删除最后一个元素        NSLog(@"删除最后一个元素:%@",array4);        [array4 removeObjectAtIndex:0]; //指定下标元素删除        NSLog(@"指定下标元素删除:%@",array4);        [array4 removeObject:@"six"];//指定元素删除        NSLog(@"指定元素删除:%@",array4);        [array4 removeObjectsInRange:NSMakeRange(3, 2)]; //指定范围删除         NSLog(@"指定范围删除:%@",array4);        NSArray *del=@[@"seven",@"three"]; //指定批量元素删除        [array4 removeObjectsInArray:del];        NSLog(@"指定批量元素删除:%@",array4);        [array4 removeAllObjects];  //清空数组        NSLog(@"清空数组:%@",array4);    }    return 0;}

输出结果

2016-08-26 17:02:16.981 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] array4:(    one,    two,    three)2016-08-26 17:02:16.982 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 末尾加元素:(    one,    two,    three,    four)2016-08-26 17:02:16.982 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 在指定下标加元素:(    one,    five,    two,    three,    four)2016-08-26 17:02:16.982 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 修改指定下标元素:(    one,    aaa,    two,    three,    four)2016-08-26 17:02:16.982 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 批量修改:(    one,    five,    six,    seven,    eight,    nine,    ten,    three,    four)2016-08-26 17:02:16.982 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 删除最后一个元素:(    one,    five,    six,    seven,    eight,    nine,    ten,    three)2016-08-26 17:02:16.982 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 指定下标元素删除:(    five,    six,    seven,    eight,    nine,    ten,    three)2016-08-26 17:02:16.983 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 指定元素删除:(    five,    seven,    eight,    nine,    ten,    three)2016-08-26 17:02:16.983 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 指定范围删除:(    five,    seven,    eight,    three)2016-08-26 17:02:16.983 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 指定批量元素删除:(    five,    eight)2016-08-26 17:02:16.983 cz_day21_09[4164:236372] 清空数组:()Program ended with exit code: 0

练习

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "CZStudent.h"int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    @autoreleasepool {        CZStudent* s1=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s1" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s2=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s2" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s3=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s3" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s4=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s4" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s5=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s5" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s6=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s6" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s7=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s7" andAge:18];        CZStudent* s8=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"s8" andAge:18];        NSMutableArray *Class1=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:s1,s2, nil];        NSMutableArray *Class2=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:s3,s4, nil];        NSMutableArray *Class3=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:s5,s6, nil];        NSMutableArray *Class4=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:s7,s8, nil];        NSMutableArray *College1=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:Class1,Class2, nil];        NSMutableArray *College2=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:Class3,Class4, nil];        NSMutableArray *School=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:College1,College2, nil];        for(id obj in School)        {            NSLog(@"%@",obj);        }        for(id obj1 in School)            for(id obj2 in obj1)                for(id obj3 in obj2)                    NSLog(@"%@",obj3);}    return 0;}

运行结果

2016-08-26 17:50:44.070 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] (        (        "name:s1,age:18",        "name:s2,age:18"    ),        (        "name:s3,age:18",        "name:s4,age:18"    ))2016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] (        (        "name:s5,age:18",        "name:s6,age:18"    ),        (        "name:s7,age:18",        "name:s8,age:18"    ))2016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s1,age:182016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s2,age:182016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s3,age:182016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s4,age:182016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s5,age:182016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s6,age:182016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s7,age:182016-08-26 17:50:44.071 cz_day21_每日一练[4595:250550] name:s8,age:18Program ended with exit code: 0