RHEL7实验快照

来源：互联网发布：古代军官知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 07:01

配置虚拟机连接网络

首先确保NetworkManager服务正常运行

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl status  NetworkManager● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-08-07 00:21:59 EDT; 2min 58s ago Main PID: 1192 (NetworkManager)   CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service           └─1192 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemonAug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): dev...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0): device ...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): dev...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0): device ...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  NetworkManager st...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0): Activat...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): dev...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): Act...Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): lin...Aug 07 00:22:14 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): lin...Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

PING本机

[root@administrator ~]# ping 127.0.0.1PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.092 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.092 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms^C--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9002msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.058/0.091/0.100/0.015 ms

PING百度

[root@administrator ~]# ping baidu.comping: unknown host baidu.com

PING百度无法PING通，下面开始配置
两种配置方式：修改配置文件/使用图形界面工具

修改网卡配置文件

打开配置文件

[root@administrator ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736

修改前的原配置文件

TYPE=EthernetBOOTPROTO=dhcpDEFROUTE=yesPEERDNS=yesPEERROUTES=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6INIT=yesIPV6_AUTOCONF=yesIPV6_DEFROUTE=yesIPV6_PEERDNS=yesIPV6_PEERROUTES=yesIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=noNAME=eno16777736UUID=ea5c55cd-2fcf-4ed8-a31d-90e86fe56925DEVICE=eno16777736ONBOOT=no

修改后的配置文件

TYPE=Ethernet#static/none/dhcp 桥接模式设置为dhcp即可BOOTPROTO=dhcpDEFROUTE=yesPEERDNS=yesPEERROUTES=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6INIT=yesIPV6_AUTOCONF=yesIPV6_DEFROUTE=yesgiIPV6_PEERDNS=yesIPV6_PEERROUTES=yesIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=noNAME=eno16777736UUID=ea5c55cd-2fcf-4ed8-a31d-90e86fe56925DEVICE=eno16777736#启用ONBOOT=yes

重启网络服务

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl restart network

再次PING百度，虚拟机已经能正常上网

[root@administrator ~]# ping baiu.comPING baiu.com (222.76.218.234) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=52.1 ms64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=133 ms64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=52.1 ms64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=50.7 ms64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=54.0 ms64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=6 ttl=119 time=53.3 ms^C--- baiu.com ping statistics ---6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5009msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 50.727/65.890/133.046/30.051 ms

设置为固定IP上网

C:\Users\admin>ipconfigWindows IP ConfigurationWireless LAN adapter Local Area Connection* 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::55e1:aa5d:1373:732d%19 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.19.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::89ce:2f34:2be5:2f22%20 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.72.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi: Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : DHCP HOST Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::549b:37ee:8982:a1a0%6 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.104 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1Tunnel adapter isatap.DHCP HOST: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : DHCP HOSTTunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:9d38:6abd:2cd8:158e:5422:ffa6 Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::2cd8:158e:5422:ffa6%4 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ::Tunnel adapter isatap.{D7907800-61F5-4BB5-8D20-E1F1ECB51622}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :Tunnel adapter isatap.{077C386B-1B8A-408E-9D76-EF1AAA015440}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :C:\Users\admin>

从上面看出宿主机的网段在0网段:192.168.0.1（默认网关）
设置在这个网段内即可（确保你设置的ip没有在局域网内已经被使用）
再次修改配置文件为如下配置：

TYPE=EthernetBOOTPROTO=noneIPADDR=192.168.0.254PREFIX=32GATEWAY=192.168.0.1DNS1=114.114.114.114DEFROUTE=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6INIT=yesIPV6_AUTOCONF=yesIPV6_DEFROUTE=yesIPV6_PEERDNS=yesIPV6_PEERROUTES=yesIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=noNAME=eno16777736UUID=ea5c55cd-2fcf-4ed8-a31d-90e86fe56925  DEVICE=eno16777736ONBOOT=yes

配置说明

BOOTPROTO：IP地址类型 值为none/static/dhcp，配置为静态ip设置为none或者staticIPADDR：IP地址ONBOOT：是否启动PREFIX：掩码长度DNS1：DNS SERVERGATEWAY：默认网关

修改完毕后重启网络服务并PING百度已能正常上网

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl restart network[root@administrator ~]# ping baidu.comPING baidu.com (180.149.132.47) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=66.2 ms64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=65.3 ms64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=60.6 ms^C--- baidu.com ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 60.692/64.111/66.296/2.466 ms

使用图形界面工具NetworkManager TUI
```
[root@administrator ~]# nmtui
```
然后根据图形界面傻瓜式操作即可

关闭防火墙并设置开机自动关闭

查看防火墙状态

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-08-07 02:44:34 EDT; 6min ago Main PID: 1025 (firewalld)   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service           └─1025 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopidAug 07 02:44:28 administrator systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firew....Aug 07 02:44:34 administrator systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewa....Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

关闭防火墙

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

设置开机自动关闭

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl disable firewall

再次查看防火墙状态发现已经成功关闭

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2016-08-07 02:53:09 EDT; 1min 31s ago Main PID: 1025 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Aug 07 02:44:28 administrator systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firew....Aug 07 02:44:34 administrator systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewa....Aug 07 02:53:08 administrator systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firew....Aug 07 02:53:09 administrator systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewa....Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

关闭selinux并设置开机自动关闭

临时关闭：本次操作后关闭，下次重启依然会开启

[root@administrator ~]# setenforce 0

永久关闭

[root@administrator ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

原配置文件

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.SELINUX=enforcing# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted

修改为

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.SELINUX=disabled# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted

设置光盘开机自动挂载

[root@administrator ~]# vim /etc/fstab

原配置文件

## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Sun Aug  7 08:42:09 2016## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0UUID=b2cf3412-1b3b-48b7-a16a-d971b50b1660 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

在最后添加下面的配置保存退出

/dev/cdrom              /mnt                    iso9660 defaults        0 0

验证并查看是否挂载成功

[root@administrator ~]# mount -amount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only[root@administrator ~]# dfFilesystem            1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/rhel-root  49746196 3244372  46501824   7% /devtmpfs                1001236       0   1001236   0% /devtmpfs                   1016776     144   1016632   1% /dev/shmtmpfs                   1016776    9144   1007632   1% /runtmpfs                   1016776       0   1016776   0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1                508588  143104    365484  29% /boottmpfs                    203356       4    203352   1% /run/user/42tmpfs                    203356      16    203340   1% /run/user/0/dev/sr0                3947824 3947824         0 100% /mnt

配置本地yum源

配置本地yum源之前先挂载系统盘
切换到/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下，删除该目录下的所有文件(请勿在真机操作：先备份)

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# lltotal 0

创建yum源配置文件

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# vim redhat.repo

添加以下内容保存退出

[local-repository]name=local-repositorybaseurl=file:///mntenabled=1gpgcheck=0

查看以下刚才编辑的内容

administrator yum.repos.d]# cat local.repo[local-repository]name=local-repositorybaseurl=file:///mntenabled=1gpgcheck=0

清空yum缓存

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# yum clean allLoaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-              : managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.Cleaning repos: local-repositoryCleaning up everything

生成缓存列表（软件包的数量上千个，只截取了前面几个）

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# yum listLoaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-              : managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.local-repository                                         | 4.1 kB     00:00     (1/2): local-repository/group_gz                           | 136 kB   00:00     (2/2): local-repository/primary_db                         | 3.6 MB   00:00     Installed PackagesGConf2.x86_64                          3.2.6-8.el7              @anaconda/7.2   ModemManager.x86_64                    1.1.0-8.git20130913.el7  @anaconda/7.2   ModemManager-glib.x86_64               1.1.0-8.git20130913.el7  @anaconda/7.2   NetworkManager.x86_64                  1:1.0.6-27.el7           @anaconda/7.2   NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64             1:1.0.6-27.el7           @anaconda/7.2

统计上面操作的结果行数：大约有4000个以上的软件包

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# yum list | wc -l4734

创建快照

上述步骤全部操作完毕后，使用VMWare Workstation创建一个快照供以后使用

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