Objective-C: Foundation——NSDictionary、NSMutableDictionary、Block
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1.NSDictionary
1.1 由键值组成，关键字不允许重复，值可以重复。
1.2 创建方法
1.3 求键值对个数
1.4 将字典中的所有值转换成数组
1.5 将字典中的所有关键字转换成数组
1.6 通过关键字找到对应的值(3种)
1.7 通过值来找到对应的关键字
1.8 对字典的值进行排序
1.9 遍历(3种)
1.10 字典的文件读写方法
main函数
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { //创建方法 NSDictionary *dict1=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"one",@"1", @"two",@"2",@"three",@"3",nil]; //标准方法，先写值后写关键字 NSLog(@"标准创建%@",dict1); NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"1":@"one",@"2":@"two",@"3":@"three"}; //优化方法，先写关键字，常用 NSLog(@"常用方法%@",dict2); NSArray *object=@[@"one",@"two",@"three"]; NSArray *key=@[@"1",@"2",@"3"]; NSDictionary* dict3=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:object forKeys:key]; //数组转换成字典 NSLog(@"数组转换:%@",dict3); NSDictionary *dict4=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dict3];//创建副本 NSLog(@"创建副本:%@",dict4); //求键值对个数 NSLog(@"键值对个数:%lu",dict3.count); //获取字典中的所有值,即将字典转换成数组的方法 object=[dict3 allValues]; NSLog(@"数组获取字典的值:%@",object); //获取字典中的关键字，即将字典转换成数组的方法 key=[dict3 allKeys]; NSLog(@"数组获取字典关键字:%@",key); //根据一个关键字来查找一个值 NSString *str=[dict3 objectForKey:@"1"]; //标准方法，求出1所对应的值返回 NSLog(@"1对应的值%@",str); str=dict3[@"1"]; //优化方法，常用 NSLog(@"优化方法:%@",str); //根据多个关键字找多个值 NSArray *key1=@[@"1",@"4"]; NSArray *object1=[dict3 objectsForKeys:key1 notFoundMarker:@"没有对应的值"]; for(id obj in object1) { NSLog(@"找值:%@",obj); } //通过值找对应的关键字 NSArray *key2=[dict3 allKeysForObject:@"three"]; NSLog(@"%@",key2); //对字典中的值进行排序 NSArray *key3=[dict3 keysSortedByValueUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)]; for(id obj in key3) { NSLog(@"%@=%@",obj,dict3[obj]); } CZStudent *stu1=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"no1" andAge:16]; CZStudent *stu2=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"no2" andAge:20]; CZStudent *stu3=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"no3" andAge:19]; NSDictionary *stu=@{@"1":stu1,@"2":stu2,@"3":stu3}; NSArray *sorted=[stu keysSortedByValueUsingSelector:@selector(compareAge:)]; for(id i in sorted) { NSLog(@"%@=%@",i,stu[i]); } //遍历 NSEnumerator *e=[dict3 objectEnumerator]; //枚举值遍历 while(str=[e nextObject]) { NSLog(@"%@",str); } e=[dict3 keyEnumerator]; //枚举关键字遍历 while(str=[e nextObject]) { NSLog(@"%@",str); } for(id obj in dict3) { NSLog(@"%@=%@",obj,dict3[obj]); } //字典的文件读写 [dict3 writeToFile:@"/Users/tarena/Desktop/dict.plist" atomically:YES]; NSDictionary *dict5=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/tarena/Desktop/dict.plist"]; NSLog(@"%@",dict5); } return 0;}运行结果
2016-08-30 10:52:07.899 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 标准创建{ 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three;}2016-08-30 10:52:07.900 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 常用方法{ 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three;}2016-08-30 10:52:07.900 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 数组转换:{ 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three;}2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 创建副本:{ 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three;}2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 键值对个数:32016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 数组获取字典的值:( one, two, three)2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 数组获取字典关键字:( 1, 2, 3)2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 1对应的值one2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 优化方法:one2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 找值:one2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 找值:没有对应的值2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] ( 3)2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 1=one2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 3=three2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 2=two2016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 1=name:no1,age:162016-08-30 10:52:07.901 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 3=name:no3,age:192016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 2=name:no2,age:202016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] one2016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] two2016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] three2016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 12016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 22016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 32016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 1=one2016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 2=two2016-08-30 10:52:07.902 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] 3=three2016-08-30 10:52:07.906 cz_day23_01[1119:46687] { 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three;}Program ended with exit code: 02.NSMutebleDictionary
2.1 可变字典，是NSDictionary的子类
2.2 创建方法(3种)
2.3 添加方法(2种)
2.4 覆盖方法
2.5 删除方法
main函数
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { //创建方法 NSMutableDictionary *dict1=[NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; //空字典，有意义 NSMutableDictionary *dict2=[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:100]; //预估值 NSMutableDictionary *dict3=[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"one",@"1",@"two",@"2",@"three",@"3", nil]; //标准方法 NSMutableDictionary *dict4=@{@"1":@"one",@"2":@"two"}; //退化成不可变字典 //添加方法 [dict3 setValue:@"four" forKey:@"4"]; NSLog(@"%@",dict3); NSDictionary *added = @{@"5":@"five",@"6":@"six",@"7":@"seven"}; [dict3 addEntriesFromDictionary:added]; NSLog(@"%@",dict3); //覆盖 NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"1":@"one",@"2":@"two",@"3":@"three"}; NSMutableDictionary *dict6=[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"aaa",@"1",@"bbb",@"2",@"ccc",@"3", nil]; [dict6 setDictionary:dict5]; NSLog(@"%@",dict6); //删除方法 [dict3 removeObjectForKey:@"1"]; //删除指定关键字对应的键值对 NSLog(@"%@",dict3); NSArray *del =@[@"3",@"5"]; [dict3 removeObjectsForKeys:del]; NSLog(@"%@",dict3); [dict3 removeAllObjects]; NSLog(@"%lu",dict3.count); } return 0;}运行结果
2016-08-30 11:55:45.041 cz_day23_03[1325:65844] { 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three; 4 = four;}2016-08-30 11:55:45.041 cz_day23_03[1325:65844] { 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three; 4 = four; 5 = five; 6 = six; 7 = seven;}2016-08-30 11:55:45.042 cz_day23_03[1325:65844] { 1 = one; 2 = two; 3 = three;}2016-08-30 11:55:45.042 cz_day23_03[1325:65844] { 2 = two; 3 = three; 4 = four; 5 = five; 6 = six; 7 = seven;}2016-08-30 11:55:45.042 cz_day23_03[1325:65844] { 2 = two; 4 = four; 6 = six; 7 = seven;}2016-08-30 11:55:45.042 cz_day23_03[1325:65844] 0Program ended with exit code: 03.Block
3.1 是一种新的数据类型，用于定义变量
3.2 Block类型的变量中存储的数据是一段程序代码
3.3 语法
3.4 Block与全局变量
3.5 Block与局部变量
3.6 Block在自定义类中的使用
建立一个MyClass类
.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>typedef void(^myBlock2)();typedef double(^myBlock3)(int,int);@interface CZMyClass : NSObject-(void)method;-(void)method:(myBlock2)b;-(void)method2:(myBlock3)b;-(void)method3:(myBlock3)b andX:(int)x andY:(int)y;-(myBlock2)getBlock;@property(strong) myBlock2 b;@end.m文件
#import "CZMyClass.h"@implementation CZMyClass-(void)method{ NSLog(@"method被执行了");}-(void)method:(myBlock2)b{ NSLog(@"Block做形参，进行调用结果是:"); b(); //回调}-(void)method2:(myBlock3)b{ NSLog(@"%lg",b(3,5));}-(void)method3:(myBlock3)b andX:(int)x andY:(int)y{ NSLog(@"%lg",b(x,y));}-(myBlock2)getBlock{ return ^void(void) { NSLog(@"Block做方法返回值");};}@endmain函数
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "CZMyClass.h"int g_i=10;void fun(){ NSLog(@"函数被执行了");}void(^myBlock)(void) = ^void(void){ NSLog(@"Block被执行了");};double(^myBlock1)(int,int)=^double(int a,int b){ return a+b;};typedef void(^BlockType)(void);typedef double(^BlockType1)(int,int);void fa(BlockType1 a){ NSLog(@"%lg",a(3,5));}int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { //语法 fun(); myBlock(); void(*pf)()=fun; pf(); NSLog(@"%lg",myBlock1(2,3)); BlockType b1; b1=^void(void) { NSLog(@"用Block类型定义的变量"); }; b1(); BlockType1 b2=^double(int a,int b) { return a+b; }; NSLog(@"%lg",b2(5,6)); fa( ^double(int a,int b) {return a*b;} ); //Block与全局变量 BlockType1 b3=^double(int a,int b) { a *=g_i; //全局变量可用被访问 g_i=20; //全局变量可用被赋值 return a+b; }; NSLog(@"%lg",b3(2,3)); NSLog(@"全局变量:%d",g_i); //Block与局部变量 int i2=30; __block int i3=50; BlockType b4=^void(void) { NSLog(@"Bolck访问局部变量:%d",i2); //局部变量可用在Block中被访问； // i2=40; ,局部变量不能在Block中赋值 i3=60; //加上 __block后，局部变量可用在Block中被赋值 }; b4(); NSLog(@"加上关键字__block的局部变量%d",i3); //Block在自定义类中的使用 CZMyClass *c=[[CZMyClass alloc]init]; [c method]; [c method:^void(void) { NSLog(@"随意吧"); }]; [c method:^void(void) { NSLog(@"不随意"); }]; //method实现多态 [c method2:^double(int a, int b) { return a+b; }]; [c method3:^double(int x, int y) { return x*y; } andX:3 andY:5]; [c getBlock](); c.b=^void(void) { NSLog(@" Block做属性"); }; c.b(); //用Block排序 NSNumber *a1=[NSNumber numberWithInt:10]; NSNumber *a2=[NSNumber numberWithInt:8]; NSNumber *a3=[NSNumber numberWithInt:20]; NSNumber *a4=[NSNumber numberWithInt:2]; NSNumber *a5=[NSNumber numberWithInt:15]; NSArray *num=@[a1,a2,a3,a4,a5]; NSArray *sorted=[num sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1,id obj2) { return [obj1 compare:obj2]; //obj1,obj2调换就是升序 }]; NSLog(@"%@",sorted); NSArray *str =@[@"one",@"two",@"three"]; sorted=[str sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1,id obj2) { return [obj1 compare:obj2]; }]; NSLog(@"%@",sorted); //Block与字典 NSDictionary *dict=@{@"1":a1,@"2":a2,@"3":a3,@"4":a4}; sorted = [dict keysSortedByValueUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1,id obj2) { return [obj1 compare:obj2]; }]; for(id obj in sorted) { NSLog(@"%@=%@",obj,dict[obj]); } NSLog(@"---------------"); NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"1":@"one",@"2":@"two",@"3":@"three"}; sorted =[dict2 keysSortedByValueUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1,id obj2) { return [obj1 compare:obj2]; }]; for(id obj in sorted) { NSLog(@"%@=%@",obj,dict2[obj]); } } return 0;}运行结果
2016-08-30 16:57:55.646 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 函数被执行了2016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] Block被执行了2016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 函数被执行了2016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 52016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 用Block类型定义的变量2016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 112016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 152016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 232016-08-30 16:57:55.647 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 全局变量:202016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] Bolck访问局部变量:302016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 加上关键字__block的局部变量602016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] method被执行了2016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] Block做形参，进行调用结果是:2016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 随意吧2016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] Block做形参，进行调用结果是:2016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 不随意2016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 82016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 152016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] Block做方法返回值2016-08-30 16:57:55.648 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] Block做属性2016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] ( 2, 8, 10, 15, 20)2016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] ( one, three, two)2016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 4=22016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 2=82016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 1=102016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 3=202016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] ---------------2016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 1=one2016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 3=three2016-08-30 16:57:55.649 cz_day23_04[2006:191654] 2=twoProgram ended with exit code: 0练习
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "CZStudent.h"int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { CZStudent *s1=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"cz" andAge:15]; CZStudent *s2=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"sx" andAge:20]; CZStudent *s3=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"hh" andAge:22]; CZStudent *s4=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"dd" andAge:14]; CZStudent *s5=[CZStudent studentWithName:@"as" andAge:18]; NSArray *array=@[s1,s2,s3,s4,s5]; NSDictionary *dict=@{@"1":s1,@"2":s2,@"3":s3,@"4":s4,@"5":s5}; NSArray *sorted1=[array sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1,id obj2) { return [[obj1 name] compare:[obj2 name]]; }]; NSArray *sorted2=[dict keysSortedByValueUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1,id obj2) { NSNumber *a1=[NSNumber numberWithInt:[obj1 age]]; NSNumber *a2=[NSNumber numberWithInt:[obj2 age]]; return [a1 compare:a2]; }]; for(id obj in sorted1) { NSLog(@"%@",obj); } for(id obj in sorted2) { NSLog(@"%@=%@",obj,dict[obj]); } } return 0;}运行结果
2016-08-30 17:51:10.850 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] name:as,age:182016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] name:cz,age:152016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] name:dd,age:142016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] name:hh,age:222016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] name:sx,age:202016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] 4=name:dd,age:142016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] 1=name:cz,age:152016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] 5=name:as,age:182016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] 2=name:sx,age:202016-08-30 17:51:10.851 cz_day23_每日一练[2192:202408] 3=name:hh,age:22Program ended with exit code: 0 0 0
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