安卓学习笔记之IntentService浅析

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一、原理概述

IntentService继承自Service,内部的ServiceHandler(Handler)与HandlerThread协作来完成异步任务。每当有意图任务时,IntentService的onStartCommand方法会被调用,它内部调用了onStart方法,在onStart方法中向ServiceHandler发消息,ServiceHandler收到消息后会调用onHandleIntent方法来处理后台任务,当任务完成时,IntentService会调用stopSelf(startId)来停止服务。

HandlerThread相关知识可以参考这里安卓学习笔记之HandlerThread

二、特点

1、IntentService是一个抽象类,使用时应该创建子类继承它,并重写onHandleIntent方法,注意,不要试图重写onStartCommand方法
2、IntentService内部ServiceHandler(Handler)与HandlerThread协同合作,在子线程中执行耗时操作
3、因为IntentService它是一个服务类,优先级别比一般的线程高,不容易被系统销毁,所以可以做一些耗时操作,同时它会在任务完成时进行自我停止,不要手动调用sotpSelf方法
4、onBind方法不是必须重写的,只有当你需要绑定服务时,才需要重写。

三、源码分析

1、构造方法,被子类构造调用,用于给内部HandlerThread命名

   /**     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.     *     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.     */    public IntentService(String name) {        super();        mName = name;    }

2、onCreate方法,创建HandlerThread,并让ServiceHandler与其进行关联

 @Override    public void onCreate() {        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.        super.onCreate();        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");        thread.start();        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);    }

3、onStartCommand,回调onStart方法。mRedelivery是表示是否需要重新接受意图(当onHandleIntent没有执行完而IntentService被销毁时),通过setIntentRedelivery设置。

   /**     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService     * receives a start request.     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand     */    @Override    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {        onStart(intent, startId);        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;    }

setIntentRedelivery,设置当进程被重建时是否需要重新接受意图,true表示需要,并且当有多个意图时,只能保证最近的一个可以收到。

     /**     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor     * with your preferred semantics.     */    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {        mRedelivery = enabled;    }

4、onStart方法,向mServiceHandler发送消息

 @Override    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();        msg.arg1 = startId;        msg.obj = intent;        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);    }

5、ServiceHandler如下,在收到消息时会回调onHandleIntent来处理意图

private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {    public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {        super(looper);    }    @Override    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {        onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);        stopSelf(msg.arg1);    }}

6、onHandleIntent,它是一个抽象方法,我们需要重写它并处理意图。它运行在HandlerThread线程中,并在同一时刻只有一个任务执行,其他需排队等待

    /**         * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.         * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a         * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.         * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to         * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.         * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,         * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.         *         * @param intent The value passed to {@link         *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.         */    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);

四、简单案例

在Mainactivity中向自定义的IntentService发起多次意图请求,在处理每个意图时模拟了耗时操作,观察执行的时间顺序。

自定义Service继承IntentService

    package com.yu.threadspool;    import android.app.IntentService;    import android.content.Intent;    import android.os.SystemClock;    import android.util.Log;    public class IntentServiceTest extends IntentService {        public IntentServiceTest() {            super("IntentServiceThread");        }        // 处理意图        @Override        protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {            String action = intent.getAction();            if ("com.yu.threadspool.action1".equals(action)) {                Log.e("TAG", "处理com.yu.threadspool.action1");                SystemClock.sleep(2000); // 模拟耗时            }            if ("com.yu.threadspool.action2".equals(action)) {                Log.e("TAG", "处理com.yu.threadspool.action2");                SystemClock.sleep(2000); // 模拟耗时            }            if ("com.yu.threadspool.action3".equals(action)) {                Log.e("TAG", "处理com.yu.threadspool.action3");            }        }        @Override        public void onDestroy() {            super.onDestroy();            Log.e("TAG", "onDestroy");        }    }

在MainActivity中启动三个意图

    public void intentHandler(View view) {        Intent intent=new Intent(this,IntentServiceTest.class);        intent.setAction("com.yu.threadspool.action1");        startService(intent);        intent.setAction("com.yu.threadspool.action2");        startService(intent);        intent.setAction("com.yu.threadspool.action3");        startService(intent);    }

执行结果

    09-08 21:53:31.331: E/TAG(3235): 处理com.yu.threadspool.action1    09-08 21:53:33.331: E/TAG(3235): 处理com.yu.threadspool.action2    09-08 21:53:35.331: E/TAG(3235): 处理com.yu.threadspool.action3    09-08 21:53:35.331: E/TAG(3235): onDestroy

从执行结果可以看出,三个意图的执行是按顺序执行的.

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