Struts成功之路:Dynaforms

来源:互联网 发布:linux下载安装nodejs 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/15 23:46
只要你使用了Struts一段时间,你就会开始注意到你花了很多时间来创建ActionForm 类。尽管这些类对于Struts的MVC结构很重要(因为他们实现了视图部分),但他们通常只是bean属性和 validate 方法(有时也称为reset 方法)的汇集。有了Struts 1.1版本,开发者就有了一组新的选项来创建他们的视图对象,在DynaBeans的基础上创建。DynaBeans是动态配置的Java Beans,这就意味着:他们可从外部配置(通常为XML)的某些种类中获取他们的属性,而不是通过在类中明确定义的方法处获得。 为了说明DynaBeans (和Struts实现,Dynaforms)的工作原理,我们首先讨论一个简单的 Struts Form ,它主要记录姓名、地址、和电话号码。下面就是如何使用ActionForm 来实现它的过程。
article1.CustomerFormpackage article1;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;public class CustomerForm extends ActionForm {    protected boolean nullOrBlank (String str) {        return ((str == null) || (str.length() == 0));    }    public  ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,            HttpServletRequest request) {        ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();        if (nullOrBlank(lastName)) {            errors.add("lastName",                   new ActionError("article1.lastName.missing"));        }        if (nullOrBlank(firstName)) {            errors.add("firstName",                   new ActionError("article1.firstName.missing"));        }        if (nullOrBlank(street)) {            errors.add("street",                   new ActionError("article1.street.missing"));        }        if (nullOrBlank(city)) {            errors.add("city",                   new ActionError("article1.city.missing"));        }        if (nullOrBlank(state)) {            errors.add("state",                   new ActionError("article1.state.missing"));        }        if (nullOrBlank(postalCode)) {            errors.add("postalCode",                   new ActionError("article1.postalCode.missing"));        }        if (nullOrBlank(phone)) {            errors.add("phone",                   new ActionError("article1.phone.missing"));        }        return errors;    }    private String lastName;    private String firstName;    private String street;    private String city;    private String state;    private String postalCode;    private String phone;    public String getLastName() {        return lastName;    }    public void setLastName(String lastName) {        this.lastName = lastName;    }    public String getFirstName() {        return firstName;    }    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {        this.firstName = firstName;    }    public String getStreet() {        return street;    }    public void setStreet(String street) {        this.street = street;    }    public String getCity() {        return city;    }    public void setCity(String city) {        this.city = city;    }    public String getState() {        return state;    }    public void setState(String state) {        this.state = state;    }    public String getPostalCode() {        return postalCode;    }    public void setPostalCode(String postalCode) {        this.postalCode = postalCode;    }    public String getPhone() {        return phone;    }    public void setPhone(String phone) {        this.phone = phone;    }}
如你所见,这是一个带有有效方法的标准JavaBean,它保证所有的域都正确设置。 与这个bean接口的JSP 页也同样简单:
customer.jsp<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/c.tld" prefix="c" %><%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="/WEB-INF/fmt.tld" %><%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld" prefix="tiles" %><%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %><head><title>Example of a standard Customer form</title></head><h1>Example of a standard Customer form</h1><html:form action="/addCustomer">Last Name: <html:text property="lastName"/><html:errors property="lastName" /><br>First Name: <html:text property="firstName"/><html:errors property="firstName" /><br>Street Addr: <html:text property="street"/><html:errors property="street" /><br>City: <html:text property="city"/><html:errors property="city" /><br>State: <html:text property="state" maxlength="2" size="2" /><html:errors property="state" /><br>Postal Code: <html:text property="postalCode" maxlength="5"                                              size="5" /><html:errors property="postalCode" /><br>Telephone: <html:text property="phone" maxlength="11" size="11" /><html:errors property="phone" /><br><html:submit/></html:form>
用于该页的Action只发送值到标准输出(它会将值放在 Catalina 日志文件内):
article1.AddCustomerActionpackage article1;import org.apache.struts.action.Action;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import java.io.IOException;public class AddCustomerAction extends Action {    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,                                 ActionForm form,                                 HttpServletRequest request,                                 HttpServletResponse response)    throws ServletException, IOException{        CustomerForm custForm = (CustomerForm) form;        System.out.println("lastName   = "                            + custForm.getLastName());        System.out.println("firstName  = "                            + custForm.getFirstName());        System.out.println("street     = " + custForm.getStreet());        System.out.println("city       = " + custForm.getCity());        System.out.println("state      = " + custForm.getState());        System.out.println("postalCode = "                            + custForm.getPostalCode());        System.out.println("phone      = " + custForm.getPhone());        return mapping.findForward("success");    }}

原文地址:http://www.developer.com/java/ejb/article.php/2214681

这就是一起绑定的所有东西,他们总是与Struts一起,放在struts-config.xml 文件内:
<struts-config><form-beans><form-bean name="customerForm" type="jdj.article1.Customer" />      </form-beans><action-mappings><action path="/addCustomer" type="article1.AddCustomerAction"                            name="customerForm" scope="request"                            input="/addCustomer.jsp"><forward name="success" path="/addCustomerSucceeded.jsp"                        redirect="false" /></action></action-mappings><message-resources parameter="ApplicationResources" /><plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn"><set-property value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml"              property="pathnames" />struts-config.xml</plug-in></struts-config><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC   "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"  "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd"><struts-config> <form-beans>  <form-bean name="customerForm" type="article1.CustomerForm" /> </form-beans> <action-mappings>  <action path="/addCustomer" type="article1.AddCustomerAction"          name="customerForm" scope="request" input="/customer.jsp">      <forward name="success" path="/addCustomerSucceeded.jsp"               redirect="false" />  </action> </action-mappings> <message-resources parameter="ApplicationResources" /> <plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">   <set-property value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml"        property="pathnames" /> </plug-in></struts-config>
customerForm链接到刚刚定义的CustomerForm 类上, /addCustomer动作也是定义用来使用该表格和使用article1.AddCustomerAction类来处理请求。 当你将表格放在了你的浏览器上,你需要填写下列空白表格: 如果你提交了无任何实际内容的表格,就会出现下列内容: 当你认真填写了表格并提交后,在你的Web容器日志文件内(在Tomcat 下为catalina.out )就会出现下列内容:
lastName = BushfirstName = Georgestreet = 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NWcity = Washingtonstate = DCpostalCode = 20500phone = 2024561414
至此,这都是人人熟知的Struts。但是,通过使用Struts 1.1的某些新特征,你可以彻底的删除原本需要编写的大量代码。例如: 我们使用Dynaform扩展,就不需要ActionForm类。如果这样的话,我们需要修改struts-config.xml 中的customerForm 的定义,以便使用org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm类(为了这篇指南,我们实际上将创建一个新的类和 JSP页,这样你就能够比较他们两个) 通过使用DynaActionForm,你获得到form-property XML标记的访问,这个标记允许你直接定义struts-config.xml内表格的属性。它看起来如下:
<form-bean name="dynaCustomerForm"           type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm">  <form-property name="lastName" type="java.lang.String"/>  <form-property name="firstName" type="java.lang.String"/>  <form-property type="java.lang.String" name="street"/>  <form-property name="city" type="java.lang.String"/>  <form-property name="state" type="java.lang.String"/>  <form-property name="postalCode" type="java.lang.String"/></form-bean>
这就不需要对JSP页做任何修改;DynaForms的使用对Struts HTML标记库是透明的。你确实需要对Action稍微修改一下,但是,因为你不能够再将传递到execute()方法内的表格直接传递给拥有存取器(用 于你的数据的GET和SET方法)的类中。相反,你需要将表格传递给DynaActionForm,并且需要使用普通的get(fieldname)存取 器。所以Action的新版本看起来如下:
article1.AddDynaCustomerActionpackage article1;import org.apache.struts.action.*;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import java.io.IOException;public class AddDynaCustomerAction extends Action {  public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,                               ActionForm form,                               HttpServletRequest request,                               HttpServletResponse response)                       throws ServletException, IOException{  DynaActionForm custForm = (DynaActionForm) form;  System.out.println("lastName   = " + custForm.get("lastName"));  System.out.println("firstName  = " + custForm.get("firstName"));  System.out.println("street     = " + custForm.get("street"));  System.out.println("city       = " + custForm.get("city"));  System.out.println("state      = " + custForm.get("state"));  System.out.println("postalCode = "                      + custForm.get("postalCode"));  System.out.println("phone      = " + custForm.get("phone"));      return mapping.findForward("success");     }}
如你所见,它完全删除了整个类(ActionForm)。但是,我们丧失了其他的功能:校验表格数据的能力。有两个方法可以重新获得这个功能。一 个方法就是创建一个类,它产生子类DynaActionForm并且实现validate()方法。在我们的范例中,它看起来如下:
article1.DynaCustomerFormpackage article1;import org.apache.struts.action.*;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;public class DynaCustomerForm extends DynaActionForm {protected boolean nullOrBlank (String str) {  return ((str == null) || (str.length() == 0)); }public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,                    HttpServletRequest request) {  ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();  if (nullOrBlank((String)this.get("lastName"))) {    errors.add("lastName",           new ActionError("article1.lastName.missing"));  }  if (nullOrBlank((String)this.get("firstName"))) {    errors.add("firstName",           new ActionError("article1.firstName.missing"));  }  if (nullOrBlank((String)this.get("street"))) {    errors.add("street",           new ActionError("article1.street.missing"));  }  if (nullOrBlank((String)this.get("city"))) {    errors.add("city", new ActionError("article1.city.missing"));  }  if (nullOrBlank((String)this.get("state"))) {    errors.add("state",           new ActionError("article1.state.missing"));  }  if (nullOrBlank((String)this.get("postalCode"))) {    errors.add("postalCode",           new ActionError("article1.postalCode.missing"));  }  if (nullOrBlank((String)this.get("phone"))) {    errors.add("phone", new ActionError("article1.phone.missing"));  }  return errors; }}
请再次注意:我们需要使用get()存取器,而不是直接访问实际变量。我们也需要修改struts-config.xml 中表格的定义,以便用这个新类来取代一般的DynaActionForm 类。如果这样的话,就会重新获得校验功能。但是,我们得重新为每个表格定义明确的类。在Struts 1.1下进行校验,我推荐的方法是使用Struts Validator 框架,它将在后续文章中进行说明。 在本系列的下一篇文章中,我们将看到DynaForms 的更高级的用途。特别是,我们将教你如何使用编入索引的属性和beans排列来实现复杂的细节繁琐的表格。 关于作者 James Turner 是Benefit Systems有限公司软件开发总监。他对Apache Struts 项目颇有贡献。他已经出版了两本面向WEB的JAVA技术的书:MySQL and JSP Web Applications, 和Struts Kick Start。他的第三本书,Java Server Faces Kick Start,在2003年冬季由Sams出版发行。 原文地址:http://www.developer.com/java/ejb/article.php/2214681
原创粉丝点击