Android实战技巧之四十：Android5.1.1源代码编译与烧写

购买Nexus手机的朋友大多是为了自己修改系统玩，再加上其较高的性价比，在开发者中还是广受欢迎的。我的5太子被我升级到了6.0预览版，玩的正嗨，舍不得换回到5.1时代了。不过鉴于距6.0源码发布还有段日子，5.1的源码编译与烧写仍是主流，下面就记录了整个过程（持续了很长时间，我们要有耐心）。

搭建开发环境

系统推荐Ubuntu 14.04
1.openjdk is needed

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">$ sudo apt<span class="hljs-attribute">-get</span> update$ sudo apt<span class="hljs-attribute">-get</span> install openjdk<span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">7</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-jdk</span></code>

set it the default java version

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">sudo</span> update-alternatives --config java$ <span class="hljs-built_in">sudo</span> update-alternatives --config javac</code>

2.required package

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">sudo apt<span class="hljs-attribute">-get</span> install bison g<span class="hljs-subst">++-</span>multilib git gperf libxml2<span class="hljs-attribute">-utils</span> make python<span class="hljs-attribute">-networkx</span> zlib1g<span class="hljs-attribute">-dev</span>:i386 zip</code>

遇到问题:

<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering">$ sudo apt-<span class="hljs-keyword">get</span> install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zlib1g-dev:i386 zip[sudo] password <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> linc: Reading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree       Reading state information... Donemake <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> already <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> newest <span class="hljs-property">version</span>.zip <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> already <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> newest <span class="hljs-property">version</span>.git <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> already <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> newest <span class="hljs-property">version</span>.git <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> manually installed.libxml2-utils <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> already <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> newest <span class="hljs-property">version</span>.libxml2-utils <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> manually installed.Some packages could <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> be installed. This may mean <span class="hljs-keyword">that</span> you haverequested an impossible situation <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> you are using <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> unstabledistribution <span class="hljs-keyword">that</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">some</span> required packages have <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> yet been created<span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> been moved <span class="hljs-keyword">out of</span> Incoming.The following information may help <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> resolve <span class="hljs-keyword">the</span> situation:The following packages have unmet dependencies: g++-multilib : Depends: gcc-multilib (>= <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:<span class="hljs-number">4.8</span><span class="hljs-number">.2</span>-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>ubuntu6) <span class="hljs-keyword">but</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">it</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> going <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> be installedE: Unable <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> correct problems, you have held broken packages</code>

按照如下步骤即可：

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">$ sudo apt<span class="hljs-attribute">-get</span> install g<span class="hljs-subst">++-</span>multilib$ sudo apt<span class="hljs-attribute">-get</span> install  bison git gperf libxml2<span class="hljs-attribute">-utils</span> make python<span class="hljs-attribute">-networkx</span> zlib1g<span class="hljs-attribute">-dev</span>:i386 zip</code>

gcc为必须

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">$ sudo apt<span class="hljs-attribute">-get</span> install gcc$ gcc <span class="hljs-attribute">-v</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Thread</span> model: posixgcc version <span class="hljs-number">4.8</span><span class="hljs-number">.4</span> (Ubuntu <span class="hljs-number">4.8</span><span class="hljs-number">.4</span><span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>ubuntu1~<span class="hljs-number">14.04</span>) </code>

repo

<code class="hljs smalltalk has-numbering"><span class="hljs-char">$ </span>mkdir ~/bin<span class="hljs-char">$ </span><span class="hljs-class">PATH</span>=~/<span class="hljs-method">bin:</span><span class="hljs-char">$P</span>ATH<span class="hljs-char">$ </span>curl <span class="hljs-method">https:</span>//storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo<span class="hljs-char">$ </span>chmod a+x ~/bin/repo</code>

check sh1 sum:

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>sha1sum repo b8bd1804f432ecf1bab730949c82b93b0fc5fede  repo</code>

For version 1.21, the SHA-1 checksum for repo is b8bd1804f432ecf1bab730949c82b93b0fc5fede

repo init

针对Nexus5的5.1.1的初始化如下：

<code class="hljs  has-numbering">LMY48I  android-5.1.1_r9    Lollipop    Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 7 (flo), Nexus 9 (volantis/volantisg), Nexus 10</code>1

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">$ repo init <span class="hljs-attribute">-u</span> https:<span class="hljs-comment">//android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest -b android-5.1.1_r9</span>Your identity is: linc <span class="hljs-subst"><</span>xxx@xxx<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>com<span class="hljs-subst">></span><span class="hljs-keyword">If</span> you want <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> change this, please re<span class="hljs-attribute">-run</span> <span class="hljs-string">'repo init'</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-subst">--</span>config<span class="hljs-attribute">-name</span>Testing colorized output (for <span class="hljs-string">'repo diff'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'repo status'</span>):  black    red      green    yellow   blue     magenta   cyan     white   bold     dim      ul       reverse repo has been initialized <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> /home/linc/source<span class="hljs-attribute">-android</span>/android<span class="hljs-attribute">-source</span></code>

repo sync

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>repo sync</code>

一个晚上两个白天，终于下载完成，代码达34G.

Setting up ccache

Put the following in your .bashrc (or equivalent):

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">export</span> USE_CCACHE=<span class="hljs-number">1</span></code>

run the command:

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">prebuilts/misc/linux<span class="hljs-attribute">-x86</span>/ccache/ccache <span class="hljs-attribute">-M</span> <span class="hljs-number">50</span>G</code>

Building the System

1.Set up environment

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> build/envsetup.sh</code>

or

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>. build/envsetup.sh</code>

2.Choose a Target

<code class="hljs vbnet has-numbering">$ lunch You<span class="hljs-comment">'re building on Linux</span>Lunch menu... pick a combo:     <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> aosp_arm-eng     <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> aosp_arm64-eng     <span class="hljs-number">3.</span> aosp_mips-eng     <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> aosp_mips64-eng     <span class="hljs-number">5.</span> aosp_x86-eng     <span class="hljs-number">6.</span> aosp_x86_64-eng     <span class="hljs-number">7.</span> aosp_manta-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">8.</span> aosp_flo-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">9.</span> aosp_deb-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">10.</span> full_fugu-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">11.</span> aosp_fugu-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">12.</span> aosp_tilapia-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">13.</span> aosp_grouper-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">14.</span> aosp_mako-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">15.</span> aosp_hammerhead-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">16.</span> aosp_flounder-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">17.</span> aosp_shamu-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">18.</span> mini_emulator_x86-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">19.</span> mini_emulator_arm64-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">20.</span> mini_emulator_x86_64-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">21.</span> mini_emulator_mips-userdebug     <span class="hljs-number">22.</span> m_e_arm-userdebugWhich would you <span class="hljs-keyword">like</span>? [aosp_arm-eng] </code>

Nexus5就选择了15，如果只是用于模拟器就选择1好了。
3.build

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">make <span class="hljs-attribute">-j4</span></code>

如果遇到等待其他任务完成的错误，是多线程冲突，就直接make好了。
4.error
1)

<code class="hljs vbnet has-numbering">No <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> recovery resources <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> TARGET_DEVICE hammerheadhost C++: bcc <= frameworks/compile/libbcc/tools/bcc/Main.cppclang++: <span class="hljs-keyword">error</span>: unable <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> execute command: Executable <span class="hljs-string">"as"</span> doesn<span class="hljs-comment">'t exist!</span>clang++: <span class="hljs-keyword">error</span>: assembler command failed <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">exit</span> code <span class="hljs-number">1</span> (use -v <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> see invocation)make: *** [out/host/linux-x86/obj32/EXECUTABLES/bcc_intermediates/Main.o] <span class="hljs-keyword">Error</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span></code>

try make clean.这是没有安装gcc的后果。

build successfully

<code class="hljs css has-numbering">#### <span class="hljs-tag">make</span> <span class="hljs-tag">completed</span> <span class="hljs-tag">successfully</span> (05<span class="hljs-pseudo">:53</span><span class="hljs-pseudo">:54</span> (<span class="hljs-tag">hh</span><span class="hljs-pseudo">:mm</span><span class="hljs-pseudo">:ss))</span> ####</code>

目录结构如下：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>/target/product/hammerhead$ du -sh *<span class="hljs-number">4.0</span>K    android-info<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.txt</span><span class="hljs-number">8.8</span>M    boot<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.img</span><span class="hljs-number">4.0</span>K    cache<span class="hljs-number">14</span>M cache<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.img</span><span class="hljs-number">64</span>K clean_steps<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.mk</span><span class="hljs-number">172</span>K    data<span class="hljs-number">4.0</span>K    fake_packages<span class="hljs-number">81</span>M gen<span class="hljs-number">64</span>K installed-files<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.txt</span><span class="hljs-number">8.1</span>M    kernel<span class="hljs-number">16</span>G obj<span class="hljs-number">4.0</span>K    previous_build_config<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.mk</span><span class="hljs-number">700</span>K    ramdisk<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.img</span><span class="hljs-number">1.4</span>M    ramdisk-recovery<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.img</span><span class="hljs-number">2.2</span>M    recovery<span class="hljs-number">9.5</span>M    recovery<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.img</span><span class="hljs-number">1.3</span>M    root<span class="hljs-number">2.9</span>G    symbols<span class="hljs-number">288</span>M    system<span class="hljs-number">307</span>M    system<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.img</span><span class="hljs-number">135</span>M    userdata<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.img</span></code>

Flash device

To flash a device, you will need to use fastboot, which should be included in your path after a successful build. Place the device in fastboot mode either manually by holding the appropriate key combination at boot, or from the shell with

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>adb reboot bootloader</code>

Once the device is in fastboot mode, run

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering"><span class="hljs-variable">$ </span>fastboot flashall -w</code>

The -w option wipes the /data partition on the device; this is useful for your first time flashing a particular device but is otherwise unnecessary.

For more information about building for and running on actual hardware, see Running Builds.

Flash emulator

1.build generic img
lunch 1即可，然后正常make。

make completed successfully (05:02:47 (hh:mm:ss))

2.启动模拟器

<code class="hljs mel has-numbering">~/<span class="hljs-keyword">source</span>-android/android-<span class="hljs-keyword">source</span>/out/target/product/generic$ emulator -sysdir ~/<span class="hljs-keyword">source</span>-android/android-<span class="hljs-keyword">source</span>/out/target/product/generic -<span class="hljs-keyword">system</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">system</span>.img emulator: WARNING: <span class="hljs-keyword">system</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">partition</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size</span> adjusted to <span class="hljs-keyword">match</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">image</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">file</span> (<span class="hljs-number">550</span> MB > <span class="hljs-number">200</span> MB)emulator: WARNING: data <span class="hljs-keyword">partition</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size</span> adjusted to <span class="hljs-keyword">match</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">image</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">file</span> (<span class="hljs-number">550</span> MB > <span class="hljs-number">200</span> MB)Creating filesystem with parameters:    Size: <span class="hljs-number">69206016</span>    Block <span class="hljs-keyword">size</span>: <span class="hljs-number">4096</span>    Blocks per <span class="hljs-keyword">group</span>: <span class="hljs-number">32768</span>    Inodes per <span class="hljs-keyword">group</span>: <span class="hljs-number">4224</span>    Inode <span class="hljs-keyword">size</span>: <span class="hljs-number">256</span>    Journal blocks: <span class="hljs-number">1024</span>    Label:     Blocks: <span class="hljs-number">16896</span>    Block groups: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>    Reserved block <span class="hljs-keyword">group</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size</span>: <span class="hljs-number">7</span>Created filesystem with <span class="hljs-number">11</span>/<span class="hljs-number">4224</span> inodes and <span class="hljs-number">1302</span>/<span class="hljs-number">16896</span> blocks</code>

模拟器顺利启动，与真机的区别有很多，比如开机画面不同，Home的UI和操控都有所不同。具体原因敬请期待。