java源码学习4-ThreadLocal

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1、ThreadLocal 介绍:

看jdk 源码说明:

 * This class provides thread-local variables.  These variables differ from * their normal counterparts in that each thread that accesses one (via its * <tt>get</tt> or <tt>set</tt> method) has its own, independently initialized * copy of the variable.  <tt>ThreadLocal</tt> instances are typically private * static fields in classes that wish to associate state with a thread (e.g., * a user ID or Transaction ID).

ThreadLocal,很多地方叫做线程本地变量,也有些地方叫做线程本地存储,其实意思差不多。ThreadLocal为变量在每个线程中都创建了一个拷贝,那么每个线程可以访问自己内部的副本变量。ThreadLocal典型的应用是   作为一个静态变量与多线程访问的目标对象进行关联,看JDK 自带的举例:

 * public class ThreadId { *     // Atomic integer containing the next thread ID to be assigned *     private static final AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(0); * *     // Thread local variable containing each thread's ID *     private static final ThreadLocal<Integer> threadId = *         new ThreadLocal<Integer>() { *             @Override protected Integer initialValue() { *                 return nextId.getAndIncrement(); *         } *     }; * *     // Returns the current thread's unique ID, assigning it if necessary *     public static int get() { *         return threadId.get(); *     } * }
把代码补充完成,如下:

public class TestTreadLocal {public static void main(String[] args) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubMyThread t1=new MyThread();MyThread t2=new MyThread();MyThread t3=new MyThread();t1.start();t2.start();t3.start();}}class ThreadId{     private static final AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(0);      // Thread local variable containing each thread's ID     private static final ThreadLocal<Integer> threadId =new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {              @Override               protected Integer initialValue() {                  return nextId.getAndIncrement();         }      };       // Returns the current thread's unique ID, assigning it if necessary      public static int get() {          return threadId.get();      }}class MyThread extends Thread{ ThreadId t=new ThreadId();//无论创建多少个对象,因为里面的变量是static 的,只会创建一次public void run(){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"     "+t.get());}}
分析一下代码,多个线程与ID进行绑定,在每个线程启动的时候,调用ThreadId的get 方法,该方法本来是返回一个ID,但是这里使用了ThreadLocal 对象,并且在创建ThreadLocal对象的时候重写了初始化方法,返回ID当前值并且自增。

查看ThreadLocal的get 方法

public T get() {        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);        if (map != null) {            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);            if (e != null)                return (T)e.value;        }        return setInitialValue();    }

首先判断当前线程对象在ThreadLocalMap里是否存在,如果存在,则返回value,如果不存在,调用setInitialValue方法

进一步查看setInitialValue方法

private T setInitialValue() {        T value = initialValue();        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);        if (map != null)            map.set(this, value);        else            createMap(t, value);        return value;    }
首先调用初始化方法,由于我们在创建ThreadLocal 对象的时候重写了该方法,所以这里的value首先是0(可以理解为第一个线程对象启动),然后判断当前线程对象是否在ThreadLocalMap里存在,如果存在,则绑定线程对象与值(0),如果不存在,则创建,重新绑定,返回值数据(0);


 目前由于基础比较薄弱,对于该类的使用不甚了了,所以从网上找了几篇文章,关于ThreadLocal 的使用与理解,可以用来参考

1、http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphin0520/p/3920407.html

2、http://www.iteye.com/topic/103804

3、http://www.cnblogs.com/alphablox/archive/2013/01/20/2869061.html

4、http://blog.csdn.net/lufeng20/article/details/24314381/


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