hdoj 5895 Mathematician QSC 【数论----矩阵快速幂求解类斐波那契数列】

Mathematician QSC

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 131072/131072 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 342    Accepted Submission(s): 184

Problem Description

QSC dream of becoming a mathematician, he believes that everything in this world has a mathematical law.

Through unremitting efforts, one day he finally found the QSC sequence, it is a very magical sequence, can be calculated by a series of calculations to predict the results of a course of a semester of a student.

This sequence is such like that, first of all,f(0)=0,f(1)=1,f(n)=f(n−2)+2∗f(n−1)(n≥2)Then the definition of the QSC sequence is g(n)=∑ni=0f(i)2. If we know the birthday of the student is n, the year at the beginning of the semester is y, the course number x and the course total score s, then the forecast mark is xg(n∗y)%(s+1).
QSC sequence published caused a sensation, after a number of students to find out the results of the prediction is very accurate, the shortcoming is the complex calculation. As clever as you are, can you write a program to predict the mark?

 

Input

First line is an integer T(1≤T≤1000).

The next T lines were given n, y, x, s, respectively.

n、x is 8 bits decimal integer, for example, 00001234.

y is 4 bits decimal integer, for example, 1234.
n、x、y are not negetive.

1≤s≤100000000

 

Output

For each test case the output is only one integer number ans in a line.

 

Sample Input

220160830 2016 12345678 66620101010 2014 03030303 333

 

Sample Output

1317

 

Source

2016 ACM/ICPC Asia Regional Shenyang Online

 

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推出公式：

1.    F（n）=  G（n）*G（n+1）/2:；

2.    F  ( n）= 5* F(n-1) + 5* F（n-2）-F（n-3）

公式：

(x^n)%c=x^(n%phi(c)+phi(c))%c;

原则：

方阵有结合律---没有交换律

思路：

先求出phi（s+1）--然后用矩阵求出F（n）%phi+phi---

然后快速幂求答案---

构造矩阵

A:

5  5 -1

1  0  0

0  1  0

和列向量

B

F [ 2 ]

F [ 1 ]

F [ 0 ]

C =A*B=

F [ 3 ]

F [ 2 ]

F [ 1 ]

F [ n ]                  F ( n-1 )                                      F [ 2 ]

F [ n-1]   =  A *   F ( n-2 )    =A...........=A^(n-2)*   F [ 1 ]

F [n-2]                F (n-3)                                         F [ 0 ] 

代码1：

注意：

   F（n）=  G（n）*G（n+1）/2:

  因为最后要除2---所以取模时我们要对2*phi取模-----

#include<cstdio>#include<cstring>#include<algorithm>using namespace std;#define LLL long longLLL mod;struct node{LLL shu[2][2];void clear(){for (int i=0;i<2;i++)for (int j=0;j<2;j++)shu[i][j]=0;}node operator * (const node &B) const{node C;C.clear();for (int i=0;i<2;i++)for (int j=0;j<2;j++)for (int k=0;k<2;k++)C.shu[i][j]=(C.shu[i][j]+shu[i][k]*B.shu[k][j])%mod;        return C;}}A,B,C,D;LLL P[2]={0,1};LLL phi(LLL xx){LLL lp=xx;for (LLL i=2;i*i<=xx;i++){if (xx%i==0){lp=lp-lp/i;while (xx%i==0)xx/=i;}}if (xx>1)lp=lp-lp/xx;return lp;}LLL g(LLL xx){LLL lp;mod*=2;//注意A.clear();for (int i=0;i<2;i++)A.shu[i][i]=1;B.clear();B.shu[1][0]=B.shu[0][1]=1;B.shu[0][0]=2;if (xx<3)return P[xx];while (xx){if (xx&1)A=A*B;B=B*B;xx>>=1;}lp=0;lp=(A.shu[0][0]*A.shu[0][1])/2;mod/=2;//注意lp+=mod;return lp;}void slove(LLL x,LLL n,LLL s){mod=phi(s);LLL lp=g(n);LLL ans=1;while (lp){if (lp&1)ans=(ans*x)%s;x=(x*x)%s;lp>>=1;}printf("%lld\n",ans);}int main(){int t;scanf("%d",&t);while (t--){LLL n,y,x,s;scanf("%lld%lld%lld%lld",&n,&y,&x,&s);n*=y;s+=1;slove(x,n,s);}return 0;}

代码：

#include<cstdio>#include<cstring>#include<algorithm>using namespace std;#define LLL long longLLL mod;struct node{LLL shu[3][3];void clear(){for (int i=0;i<3;i++)for (int j=0;j<3;j++)shu[i][j]=0;}node operator * (const node &B) const{node C;C.clear();for (int i=0;i<3;i++)for (int j=0;j<3;j++)for (int k=0;k<3;k++)C.shu[i][j]=(C.shu[i][j]+shu[i][k]*B.shu[k][j])%mod;        return C;}}A,B,C,D;LLL P[3]={0,1,5};LLL phi(LLL xx){LLL lp=xx;for (LLL i=2;i*i<=xx;i++){if (xx%i==0){lp=lp-lp/i;while (xx%i==0)xx/=i;}}if (xx>1)lp=lp-lp/xx;return lp;}LLL g(LLL xx){LLL lp;A.clear();for (int i=0;i<3;i++)A.shu[i][i]=1;B.clear();B.shu[0][0]=B.shu[0][1]=5;B.shu[0][2]=-1;B.shu[1][0]=B.shu[2][1]=1;if (xx<3)return P[xx];xx-=2;while (xx){if (xx&1)A=A*B;B=B*B;xx>>=1;}lp=0;for (int i=0;i<3;i++)lp=(lp+A.shu[0][i]*P[2-i])%mod;lp+=mod;return lp;}void slove(LLL x,LLL n,LLL s){mod=phi(s);LLL lp=g(n);LLL ans=1;//printf("%lld   %lld   %lld    %lld\n",x,lp,s,mod);while (lp){if (lp&1)ans=(ans*x)%s;x=(x*x)%s;lp>>=1;}printf("%lld\n",ans);}int main(){int t;scanf("%d",&t);while (t--){LLL n,y,x,s;scanf("%lld%lld%lld%lld",&n,&y,&x,&s);n*=y;s+=1;//printf("%lld %lld %lld\n",x,n,s);slove(x,n,s);}return 0;}