RHEL1：配置yum源
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刚开始自学linux，参考网上很多教程安装yum，一波三折。。
正文 ：
问题：
使用yum时发现系统报错：
[root@www ~]# yum install firefoxLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.Setting up Install ProcessNothing to do
上网查后得到答案是RHEL下使用yum是要收费的，但可以通过安装centos下的免费yum源解决。
做法：
1.查看RHEL原有的yum源
[root@www ~]# rpm -qa |grep yumyum-utils-1.1.30-14.el6.noarchPackageKit-yum-0.5.8-21.el6.x86_64yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64yum-plugin-security-1.1.30-14.el6.noarchyum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-48.el6.noarchyum-3.2.29-40.el6.noarchPackageKit-yum-plugin-0.5.8-21.el6.x86_64
2.卸载RHEL原有的yum源
[root@www ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
//xargs是一条Unix和类Unix操作系统的常用命令。它的作用是将参数列表转换成小块分段传递给其他命令，以避免参数列表过长的问题
// –nodeps 强制卸载,不管依赖性
3.下载centos下的yum源
网址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/
需要的插件：
python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@www ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm[root@www ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm [root@www ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm [root@www ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
4.安装yum包
[root@www ~]# rpm -ivh python*warning: python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%]package python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch is already installed
[root@www ~]# rpm -ivh yum*warning: yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYerror: Failed dependencies:python-urlgrabber >= 3.9.1-10 is needed by yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch
根据翻译是出现了依赖性错误，应该再下载python-urlgrabber
[root@www ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/ python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm再次安装yum
[root@www ~]# rpm -ivh '/root/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm' warning: /root/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:yum-metadata-parser ########################################### [100%]
[root@www ~]# rpm -ivh '/root/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm' '/root/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm' '/root/python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm' warning: /root/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%]file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py from install of python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarchfile /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.pyc from install of python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarchfile /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.pyo from install of python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarchfile /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/progress.pyc from install of python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarchfile /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/urlgrabber/progress.pyo from install of python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch
存在冲突，经查可用force强制安装
<span style="color:#000000;">[root@www ~]# rpm -ivh --force '/root/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm' '/root/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm' '/root/python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm' warning: /root/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:python-urlgrabber ########################################### [ 33%] 2:yum-plugin-fastestmirro########################################### [ 67%] 3:yum ########################################### [100%]</span>
对于一直出现的warning，可通过下面方法解决
[root@www rpm-gpg]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6--2016-09-26 20:16:28-- http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6Resolving mirrors.163.com... 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186Connecting to mirrors.163.com|123.58.173.185|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 1706 (1.7K) [application/octet-stream]Saving to: “RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6”100%[======================================>] 1,706 --.-K/s in 0s 2016-09-26 20:16:29 (104 MB/s) - “RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6” saved [1706/1706][root@www rpm-gpg]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
3.更改yum源
[root@www rpm-gpg]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d[root@www yum.repos.d]# rm -fr * //删除原来的配置文件[root@www yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo //下载新的配置文件--2016-09-26 20:27:14-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repoResolving mirrors.163.com... 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186Connecting to mirrors.163.com|123.58.173.185|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 2006 (2.0K) [application/octet-stream]Saving to: “CentOS6-Base-163.repo”100%[======================================>] 2,006 --.-K/s in 0.001s 2016-09-26 20:27:14 (1.59 MB/s) - “CentOS6-Base-163.repo” saved [2006/2006]<span></span><pre name="code" class="cpp">[root@www yum.repos.d]# <span>vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo //编辑CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，将其中的$releasever更改为centos的版本号6</span><span></span>
vim编辑器的使用，按键盘i进入编辑界面，按esc退出，按shift+ZZ返回命令界面，看别人写的可以用命令 ：%s/$releasever/6，不过我还不会。。
编辑后的CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件
# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.6/os/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.6/updates/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.6/extras/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.6/centosplus/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-#contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.6/contrib/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
4.清除缓存
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum clean allLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.Cleaning repos: base extras updatesCleaning up Everything
5.获取配置yum列表
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum makecacheLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.Determining fastest mirrorsbase | 3.7 kB 00:00 base/group_gz | 226 kB 00:00 base/filelists_db | 6.4 MB 00:03 base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:02 base/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:01 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/filelists_db | 38 kB 00:00 extras/prestodelta | 1.3 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 37 kB 00:00 extras/other_db | 51 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/filelists_db | 1.5 MB 00:00 updates/prestodelta | 180 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 2.0 MB 00:00 updates/other_db | 26 MB 00:12 Metadata Cache Created
完成！
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