浅析 Linux poll 机制

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  在用户空间应用程序向驱动程序请求数据时,有以下几种方式:

    1、不断查询,条件不满足的情况下就是死循环,非常耗cpu

    2、休眠唤醒的方式,如果条件不满足,应用程序则一直睡眠下去

    3、poll机制,如果条件不满足,休眠指定的时间,休眠时间内条件满足唤醒,条件一直不满足时间到达自动唤醒

    4、异步通知,应用程序注册信号处理函数,驱动程序发信号。类似于QT的信号与槽机制。


应用程序: poll 支持同时查询多个打开的文件

int main(int argc, char **argv){int fd;unsigned char key_val = 0;int ret;struct pollfd fds[1];fd = open("/dev/button", O_RDWR);if (fd < 0){printf("can't open!\n");}fds[0].fd     = fd;fds[0].events = POLLIN;while (1){ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);if (ret == 0){printf("time out\n");}else{read(fd, &key_val, 1);printf("key_val = 0x%x\n", key_val);}}return 0;}
内核空间:sys_poll
asmlinkage long sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds,long timeout_msecs){s64 timeout_jiffies;if (timeout_msecs > 0) {#if HZ > 1000/* We can only overflow if HZ > 1000 */if (timeout_msecs / 1000 > (s64)0x7fffffffffffffffULL / (s64)HZ)timeout_jiffies = -1;else#endiftimeout_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(timeout_msecs);} else {/* Infinite (< 0) or no (0) timeout */timeout_jiffies = timeout_msecs;}        // 转换等待时间,do_sts_poll 是重点return do_sys_poll(ufds, nfds, &timeout_jiffies);}
int do_sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds, s64 *timeout){struct poll_wqueues table;...long stack_pps[POLL_STACK_ALLOC/sizeof(long)];struct poll_list *stack_pp = NULL;//table->pt->qproc =  __pollwaitpoll_initwait(&table);/*void poll_initwait(struct poll_wqueues *pwq){init_poll_funcptr(&pwq->pt, __pollwait); // pt->qproc = qproc;pwq->error = 0;pwq->table = NULL;pwq->inline_index = 0;}*/fdcount = do_poll(nfds, head, &table, timeout);...poll_freewait(&table);return err;}
typedef struct poll_table_struct {poll_queue_proc qproc;} poll_table;typedef void (*poll_queue_proc)(struct file *, wait_queue_head_t *, struct poll_table_struct *);
  do_sys_poll 干了一件重要的事:table->pt->qproc =  __pollwait ,驱动程序中会调用这个函数
static int do_poll(unsigned int nfds,  struct poll_list *list,   struct poll_wqueues *wait, s64 *timeout){int count = 0;poll_table* pt = &wait->pt; for (;;) {struct poll_list *walk;long __timeout;// 设置当前进程为可中断的set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);for (walk = list; walk != NULL; walk = walk->next) {struct pollfd * pfd, * pfd_end;pfd = walk->entries;pfd_end = pfd + walk->len;for (; pfd != pfd_end; pfd++) {// 调用驱动程序中的 poll,返回值>0 count++ ,直接返回,如果是0,休眠 // mask = file->f_op->poll(file, pwait);// mask &= pollfd->events | POLLERR | POLLHUP;// pollfd->revents = mask;if (do_pollfd(pfd, pt)) {count++;pt = NULL;}}}// count非0表示 do_pollfd 至少有一个成功// 跳出条件:有成功的,时间到,有信号需要处理if (count || !*timeout || signal_pending(current))break;count = wait->error;if (count)break;...// 进程的调度,休眠,要么时间到达,再去查询一次看是否满足,要么驱动程序中条件满足,驱动唤醒。__timeout = schedule_timeout(__timeout);if (*timeout >= 0)*timeout += __timeout;}// 这里设置进程状态是因为,如果第一次查询就成功了,前面讲进程状态改变了 需要更正回运行状态。__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);return count;}
  do_poll 函数中会调用驱动程序中的 poll 函数

驱动程序:

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);static unsigned poll_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait){unsigned int mask = 0;poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 将当前进程挂载到休眠队列,但是不会立即休眠if (ev_press)mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;//返回给sys_poll 判断条件是否满足 跳出 or 休眠return mask;}
返回值,合法的事件如下:POLLIN有数据可读。POLLRDNORM有普通数据可读。POLLRDBAND有优先数据可读。POLLPRI有紧迫数据可读。POLLOUT写数据不会导致阻塞。POLLWRNORM写普通数据不会导致阻塞。POLLWRBAND写优先数据不会导致阻塞。POLLMSGSIGPOLL 消息可用。
static inline void poll_wait(struct file * filp, wait_queue_head_t * wait_address, poll_table *p){if (p && wait_address)p->qproc(filp, wait_address, p);//  __pollwait(filp, wait_address, p) }static void __pollwait(struct file *filp, wait_queue_head_t *wait_address,poll_table *p){struct poll_table_entry *entry = poll_get_entry(p);if (!entry)return;get_file(filp);entry->filp = filp;entry->wait_address = wait_address;init_waitqueue_entry(&entry->wait, current);add_wait_queue(wait_address, &entry->wait);}
 驱动程序中一开始定义了一个等待队列头,在__pollwait中初始化了等待队列头,并将其加入等待队列。接着就会有下面几种情况:

  1、do_poll 函数第一次查询就OK,直接跳出 for 循环,将进程状态改回running状态,继续执行

  2、do_poll 函数查询失败,进程调度,当前进程进入休眠状态,这个状态下又会产生以下几种情况

    1、在休眠过程中驱动程序条件得到满足,驱动程序唤醒休眠进程,万事大吉

    2、在休眠时间过程中一直不满足,休眠给定时间到达,自动唤醒,再次查询,查询ok 唤醒,查询失败继续休眠给定时间,一直循环下去。

在驱动程序中条件满足,唤醒进程

static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id){struct keys_desc * keys_desc = (struct keys_desc *)dev_id;unsigned int keyval;keyval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(keys_desc->key_addr);if (keyval){/* 松开 */key_val = keys_desc->key_value_up;}else{/* 按下 */key_val = keys_desc->key_value_down;}    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);}








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