Android中Intent的详细用法

来源：互联网发布：公共安全与大数据编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/01 22:04

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大家好，今天跟大家谈谈Intent的用法。
Intent在安卓中主要用于打开另外一个页面，这个页面可能是一个activity也可能是一个应用，也可能是

其它……
且看下面介绍，总结摘抄网友一些经典例子

1.无参数Activity跳转

 Intent it = new Intent(Activity.this, Activity2.class);    startActivity(it);

2.向下一个Activity传递数据（使用Bundle或Intent.putExtras）

Intent it = new Intent(Activity.this, Activity2.class);   Bundle bundle=new Bundle();   bundle.putString("name", "This is from MainActivity!");   it.putExtras(bundle); // it.putExtra(“test”, "shuju”);   startActivity(it);   // startActivityForResult(it,REQUEST_CODE);

相应的对于数据的获取可以采用：

Bundle bundle=getIntent().getExtras();   String name=bundle.getString("name");

如果activity设为singletask，那么接收数据时也要实现onNewIntent()方法
3.向上一个Activity返回结果（使用setResult，针对

startActivityForResult(it,REQUEST_CODE)启动的Activity） Intent intent=getIntent();   Bundle bundle2=new Bundle();   bundle2.putString("name", "This is from ShowMsg!");   intent.putExtras(bundle2);   setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);

4.回调上一个Activity的结果处理函数（onActivityResult）

@Override      protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {           // TODO Auto-generated method stub           super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);           if (requestCode==REQUEST_CODE){               if(resultCode==RESULT_CANCELED)                     setTitle("cancle");               else if (resultCode==RESULT_OK) {                    String temp=null;                    Bundle bundle=data.getExtras();                    if(bundle!=null)   temp=bundle.getString("name");                    setTitle(temp);               }           }       }

5、显示网页

Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://google.com");     Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);     startActivity(it);

6、显示地图

Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");     Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);      startActivity(it);      //其他 geo URI //geo:latitude,longitude     //geo:latitude,longitude?z=zoom     //geo:0,0?q=my+street+address     //geo:0,0?q=business+near+city     //google.streetview:cbll=lat,lng&cbp=1,yaw,,pitch,zoom&mz=mapZoom

7、路径规划

Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%0startLng&daddr=endLat%0endLng&hl=en");     Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);     startActivity(it);     //where startLat, startLng, endLat, endLng are a long with 6 decimals like: 50.123456

8、打电话
// 叫出拨号程序

Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);startActivity(it);

// 直接打电话出去

Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri);startActivity(it);

9、传送SMS/MMS
// 传送SMS

Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto://0800000123");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");startActivity(it);

// 传送 MMS

Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);it.setType("image/png");startActivity(it);

10、发送 Email（三种方法）

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);        it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");        it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");        it.setType("text/plain");        startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));      Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);          String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};          String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};          it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);          it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);          it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");          it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");          it.setType("message/rfc822");          startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));   Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:fengsheng.studio@hotmail.com");               Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);

１１、传送附件

Intent intent = new Intent();intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);intent.setType(mimeType);intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);startActivity(intent);

// 以上有两个变量需要说明:
// 1. mimeType: 如果是图片,则为”image/“,如果是音频,则为”audio/“,如果是视频,则为”video/*”
// 2. uri:如果是直接读取到文件路径并发送,则为Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath));
// 如果是从数据库中查循出来的uri,则直接传入即可.
１２、播放多媒体（两种方法）

Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);it.setType("audio/mp3");startActivity(it);Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);startActivity(it);

Market 相关
１３、寻找某个应用/显示某个应用的相关信息

Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);startActivity(it);    //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id");Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);startActivity(it);// where app_id is the application ID, find the ID// by clicking on your application on Market home// page, and notice the ID from the address bar

14、打开一个应用程序
ComponentName 两个参数一个是包名一个是包下的主类

final Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN, null);intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);final ComponentName cn = new ComponentName("com.android.settings","com.android.settings.fuelgauge.PowerUsageSummary");intent.setComponent(cn);intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);startActivity(intent);//Uninstall 应用程序 Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);startActivity(it);

14、返回桌面

Intent unMyIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);unMyIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);startActivity(unMyIntent);

15、调用程序打开相应文件
在写文件管理系统时会用到各种打开不同格式的文件的需求，由于Android系统默认内置了一些可以打开

的系统应用，但还是不能满足需求，比如打开视频文件、word等，需要安装相应的播放
软件才可以使用，这时程序会通过Intent查找可以使用的软件
实现通过代码打开一个文件需要2部分，一部分是要获取到不同文件的后缀，以便根据需求匹配相应的

Intent，另一个就是不同格式的文件打开的Intent不同
1、在values目录下定义后缀数组文件fileendings

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources><array name="fileEndingImage">        <item>.png</item>        <item>.gif</item>        <item>.jpg</item>        <item>.jpeg</item>        <item>.bmp</item>    </array><array name="fileEndingAudio">        <item>.mp3</item>        <item>.wav</item>        <item>.ogg</item>        <item>.midi</item>    </array><array name="fileEndingVideo">        <item>.mp4</item>        <item>.rmvb</item>        <item>.avi</item>        <item>.flv</item>    </array><array name="fileEndingPackage">        <item>.jar</item>        <item>.zip</item>        <item>.rar</item>        <item>.gz</item>        <item>.apk</item>        <item>.img</item>    </array><array name="fileEndingWebText">        <item>.htm</item>        <item>.html</item>        <item>.php</item>        <item>.jsp</item>    </array><array name="fileEndingText">        <item>.txt</item>        <item>.java</item>        <item>.c</item>        <item>.cpp</item>        <item>.py</item>        <item>.xml</item>        <item>.json</item>        <item>.log</item>    </array><array name="fileEndingWord">    <item>.doc</item>    <item>.docx</item></array><array name="fileEndingExcel">    <item>.xls</item>    <item>.xlsx</item></array><array name="fileEndingPPT">    <item>.ppt</item>    <item>.pptx</item></array><array name="fileEndingPdf">    <item>.pdf</item></array></resources>

2、定义OpenFiles工具类，只需传输File参数即可，然后通过返回的Intent打开文件

public class OpenFiles {     //android获取一个用于打开HTML文件的intent       public static Intent getHtmlFileIntent(File file)       {Uri uri = Uri.parse(file.toString()).buildUpon().encodedAuthority("com.android.htmlfileprovider").scheme("content").encodedPath(file.toString()).build();           Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");           intent.setDataAndType(uri, "text/html");           return intent;       }     //android获取一个用于打开图片文件的intent       public static Intent getImageFileIntent(File file)       {           Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");           intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");           intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);           Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);           intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*");           return intent;       }       //android获取一个用于打开PDF文件的intent       public static Intent getPdfFileIntent(File file)       {         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/pdf");         return intent;       }     //android获取一个用于打开文本文件的intent     public static Intent getTextFileIntent(File file)     {           Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");       intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");       intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);       Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);       intent.setDataAndType(uri, "text/plain");       return intent;     }     //android获取一个用于打开音频文件的intent       public static Intent getAudioFileIntent(File file)       {         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);         intent.putExtra("oneshot", 0);         intent.putExtra("configchange", 0);         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/*");         return intent;       }       //android获取一个用于打开视频文件的intent       public static Intent getVideoFileIntent(File file)       {         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);         intent.putExtra("oneshot", 0);         intent.putExtra("configchange", 0);         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "video/*");         return intent;       }       //android获取一个用于打开CHM文件的intent       public static Intent getChmFileIntent(File file)       {         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/x-chm");         return intent;       }     //android获取一个用于打开Word文件的intent       public static Intent getWordFileIntent(File file)       {         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/msword");         return intent;       }     //android获取一个用于打开Excel文件的intent       public static Intent getExcelFileIntent(File file)       {         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.ms-excel");         return intent;       }     //android获取一个用于打开PPT文件的intent       public static Intent getPPTFileIntent(File file)       {         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint");         return intent;       }       //android获取一个用于打开apk文件的intent       public static Intent getApkFileIntent(File file)       {           Intent intent = new Intent();             intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);             intent.setAction(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW);             intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file),  "application/vnd.android.package-archive");             return intent;       }}

3、定义用于检查要打开的文件的后缀是否在遍历后缀数组中

private boolean checkEndsWithInStringArray(String checkItsEnd,                     String[] fileEndings){        for(String aEnd : fileEndings){            if(checkItsEnd.endsWith(aEnd))                return true;        }        return false;    }

4、通过调用OpenFiles类返回的Intent，打开相应的文件

if(currentPath!=null&¤tPath.isFile())                {                    String fileName = currentPath.toString();                    Intent intent;                    if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingImage))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getImageFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingWebText))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getHtmlFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPackage))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getApkFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingAudio))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getAudioFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingVideo))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getVideoFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingText))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getTextFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPdf))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getPdfFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingWord))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getWordFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingExcel))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getExcelFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPPT))){                        intent = OpenFiles.getPPTFileIntent(currentPath);                        startActivity(intent);                    }else                    {                        showMessage("无法打开，请安装相应的软件！");                    }                }else                {                    showMessage("对不起，这不是文件！");                }

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