WORDBOOK - ForeverStrong

WORDBOOK

ForeverStrong Cheng

Linux ['lɪnəks]

UNIX [ˈju:nɪks]

Posts & Telecom Press：人民邮电出版社

International Standard Book Number，ISBN：国际标准书号

Cataloguing In Publication，CIP：图书在版编目

Application Programming Interface，API：应用程序编程接口

Graphical User Interface，GUI：图形用户界面

User Interface，UI：用户界面

Portable Operating System Interface，POSIX：可移植操作系统接口

Operating System，OS：操作系统

All rights reserved. 版权所有。

American National Standards Institute，ANSI：美国国家标准学会

Internet Engineering Task Force，IETF：国际互联网工程任务组

World Wide Web Consortium，W3C：万维网联盟

Request For Comments，RFC：征求修正意见书

Power Users：高级用户

process credential：进程凭证

GNU General Public License，GNU GPL：GNU通用公共许可证

GNU is Not UNIX，GNU

Solaris[se'laris:]/[so'le:ris] is a UNIX operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

readme ['ri:dmi:]：n.自述文件

Interprocess Communication，IPC：进程间通信

Digital Equipment Corporation，DEC：美国数字设备公司

Android [ˈændrɔɪd]：机器人，安卓

Java ['dʒɑ:və]

Open Graphics Library for Embedded Systems，OpenGL for Embedded Systems，OpenGL ES：嵌入式系统开放图形库

Google ['ɡu:ɡl]：谷歌

Open Handset Alliance，OHA：开放手机联盟

Android Open Source Project，AOSP：Android 开放源代码项目

Hardware Abstraction Layer，HAL：硬件抽象层

Extensible Markup Language，XML：可扩展标记语言

Software Development Kit，SDK：软件开发工具包

Git [gɪt]

Repo ['ri:pəʊ]

Open Graphics Library，OpenGL：开放图形库

Open Computing Language，OpenCL：开放计算语言

Compute Unified Device Architecture，CUDA：统一计算设备架构

China Machine Press：机械工业出版社

Universal Serial Bus，USB：通用串行总线

Digital Media Processing，DMP：数字媒体处理器

Reduced Instruction Set Computer，RISC：精简指令集计算机

Complex Instruction Set Computer，CISC：复杂指令集计算机

Reduced Instruction Set Computing，RISC：精简指令集计算

Complex Instruction Set Computing，CISC：复杂指令集计算

Native Development Kit，NDK：原生软件开发工具包

Android Package，APK：Android安装包

Over-the-Air Technology，OTA：空中下载技术

Random-Access Memory，RAM：随机存取存储器

Read Only Memory，ROM：只读存储器

Direct Memory Access，DMA：直接存储器访问

iOS - previously known as iPhone OS - is the operating system that powers Apple's iPhone, iPod touch, iPad, and Apple TV.

Chicago [ʃɪ'kɑ:gəʊ]：芝加哥

Portland [ˈpɔ:tlənd]：波特兰

Digital Signal Processor，DSP：数字信号处理器

Digital Signal Processing，DSP：数字信号处理

Single Instruction Single Data，SISD：单指令流单数据流

Single Instruction Multiple Data，SIMD：单指令流多数据流

Multiple Instruction Single Data，MISD：多指令流单数据流

Multiple Instruction Multiple Data，MIMD：多指令流多数据流

Alternating Current，AC：交流电

Direct Current，DC：直流电

File Transfer Protocol，FTP：文件传输协议

Network File System，NFS：网络文件系统

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，DHCP：动态主机配置协议

Domain Name System，DNS：域名系统

Graphical User Interface Shell，GUI Shell：图形界面Shell

Command Line Interface Shell，CLI Shell：命令行式Shell

Code Composer Studio，CCStudio or CCS：代码调试器，代码设计套件

Texas Instruments，TI：德州仪器

Analog Device Instrument，ADI：美国模拟器件公司

Open Vector Graphics，OpenVG：矢量图形算法标准

Dallas [ˈdæləs]：达拉斯

Manhattan [mæn'hætn]：曼哈顿

Broadcom：博通

Intel：英特尔

Marvell：迈威，现更名美满

Motorola：摩托罗拉

Samsung [sæmsʌŋ]：三星

Qualcomm ['kualkɔm]：高通

NVIDIA：英伟达

Lucky Goldstar，Life is Good，LG：乐金

High Tech Computer Corporation，HTC Corporation：宏达国际电子股份有限公司

WebKit：Open Source Web Browser Engine

SQLite is a high-reliability, embedded, zero-configuration, public-domain, SQL database engine. SQLite is the most used database engine in the world.

Long Term Support，LTS：长期支持

Global Positioning System，GPS：全球定位系统

OpenGL Shading Language，GLSL：OpenGL着色语言

Microsoft Foundation Classes，MFC：Microsoft基本类

Object Oriented Programming，OOP：面向对象编程(程序设计)

Parallel Patterns Library，PPL：并行模式库

Standard Template Library，STL：标准模板库

Integrated Development Environment，IDE：集成开发环境

Common Language Runtime，CLR：公共语言运行库

International Organization for Standardization，ISO：国际标准化组织

Personal Computer，PC：个人计算机

Central Processing Unit，CPU：中央处理器

Graphics Processing Unit，GPU：图形处理器

Virtual Machine ware，VMware：威睿

VMware Workstation：VMware工作站

VMware Server：VMware服务器

Publishing House of Electronics Industry：电子工业出版社

Virtual Reality，VR：虚拟现实

Augmented Reality，AR：增强现实

Mixed Reality，MR：混合现实

Long Term Evolution，LTE：长期演进

Just In Time，JIT：实时

Just-in-time Compiler，JIT Compiler：即时编译

Microsoft Intermediate Language，MSIL：Microsoft中间语言

Common Type System，CTS：通用类型系统

Common Language Infrastructure，CLI：通用语言基础结构

Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA：现场可编程门阵列

Video Graphics Array，VGA：视频图形阵列

Digital Visual Interface，DVI：数字视频接口

Compact Disc，CD：光盘

Video Compact Disc，VCD：影音光碟

Chip Support Library，CSL：芯片支持库

Fast Fourier Transformation，FFT：快速傅立叶变换

Discrete Fourier Transform，DFT：离散傅里叶变换

Novell [nəu'vel]：网威

Seagate：希捷

Oracle [ˈɒrəkl]：甲骨文

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard，FHS：文件系统目录标准

Logical Volume Manager，LVM：逻辑卷管理

Access Control List，ACL：访问控制列表

Master Boot Record，MBR：主引导记录

Peripheral Component Interconnect，PCI：外设部件互连标准，周边设备互连

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express，PCI-Express，PCI-E：总线和接口标准

Serial Peripheral Interface，SPI：串行外设接口

Advanced Micro Devices，AMD：超威半导体公司

Open Multimedia Application Platform，OMAP：开放式多媒体应用平台

Personal Digital Assistant，PDA：个人数字助理，掌上电脑

Point Of Sale，POS：销售点，销售终端

System on Chip，SoC：片上系统

Dynamic Random Access Memory，DRAM：动态随机存取存储器

Super Harvard ARChitecture，SHARC：超级哈佛架构

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，IEEE：电气和电子工程师协会

International Business Machines Corporation，IBM：国际商业机器公司

Dell：戴尔

American Telephone and Telegraph，AT&T：美国电话电报公司

Free Software Foundation，FSF：自由软件基金会

Automatic Teller Machine，ATM：自动柜员机，自动取款机

Easy、Excellent、Exciting，EEE PC：极简，极动，极享乐

European Computer Manufacturers Association，ECMA：欧洲计算机制造商协会

Mobile Industry Processor Interface，MIPI：移动产业处理器接口

Sun Microsystems：太阳计算机系统

Memory Management Unit，MMU：内存管理单元

Scalable Processor ARChitecture，SPARC：可扩充处理器架构

Panasonic：松下

Sony：索尼

VIA：威盛

Blu-ray Disc，BD：蓝光光碟

Play Station 3，PS3：索尼电脑娱乐所开发的家用游戏机

Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC - Performance Computing，PowerPC，PPC：精简指令集(RISC)架构的中央处理器(CPU)

Global Task Scheduling，GTS：全局任务调度

Amplitude Modulation，AM：调幅

Frequency Modulation，FM：调频

To Be Determined，TBD：待决定

Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC：专用集成电路，特定用途集成电路

Million Instructions Per Second，MIPS：百万条指令每秒

Million Floating-point Operations per Second，MFLOPS：每秒百万个浮点操作

Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second，GFLOPS ：每秒10亿次的浮点操作

Liquid Crystal Display，LCD：液晶显示器(屏)

Light-Emitting Diode，LED：发光二极管

Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED：有机发光二极管，有机电激光显示

Digital Video Recorder，DVR：硬盘录像机，数字视频录像机

Charge Coupled Device，CCD：电荷耦合元件

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor，CMOS：互补金属氧化物半导体

Very Long Instruction Word，VLIW：超长指令字

Arithmetic Logical Unit，ALU：运算器

Radio Frequency Identification，RFID：射频识别，无线射频识别

Accelerated Processing Unit， APU：加速处理器

Acorn RISC Machine，Advanced RISC Machines，ARM：进阶精简指令集机器，先进精简指令微处理器

Network Video Recorder，NVR：网络硬盘录像机

Client/Server，C/S：客户机/服务器

Browser/Server，B/S：浏览器/服务器

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，WCDMA：宽带码分多址

First In First Out，FIFO：先进先出

Multi-Media eXtension，MMX：多媒体扩展指令集

Streaming SIMD Extensions，SSE：单指令多数据流扩展指令

Personal Identification Number，PIN：个人标识号

Advanced Vector eXtensions，AVX：高级矢量扩展指令集

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，ADSL：非对称数字用户线路

Integrated Drive Electronics，IDE：电子集成驱动器

Advanced Encryption Standard，AES：高级加密标准

Quality of Service，QoS：服务质量

Solid State Drive，SSD：固态硬盘，固盘

Advanced Technology Attachment，ATA：高级技术附加装置

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment，Serial ATA，SATA：串行高级技术附件

Serial Attached SCSI，SAS：串行连接方式的 SCSI

Small Computer System Interface，SCSI：小型计算机系统接口

American Standard Code for Information Interchange，ASCII：美国标准信息交换代码

Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM：双倍速率同步动态随机存储器

Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory，SDRAM：同步动态随机存储器

Local Area Network，LAN：局域网

China Mobile Communications Corporation，CMCC：中国移动通信集团公司

Minimum Detectable Temperature Difference，MDTD：最小可探测温差

Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference，NETD：噪声等效温差

Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference，MRTD：最小可分辨温差

Integrated Circuit，IC：集成电路

High-Definition Video，HDV：高清晰度视频

High Definition TV，HDTV：高清晰度电视

High-Definition，HD：高清晰度

Standard Definition Television，SDTV：标准清晰度电视

Low-Definition Television，LDTV：低清晰度电视

Digital Video Disk，DVD：数字视频磁盘

Project Manager，PM：项目经理

Product Manager，PM：产品经理

Project Leader，PL：项目负责人

FPGA Development Kit：FPGA开发工具包

Embedded Development Kit，EDK：嵌入式开发套件

Seattle [sɪ'ætl]：西雅图

Mali Graphics Debugger，MGD

User Guide [ˈju:zə ɡaid]：用户指南

Game Developers Conference，GDC：游戏开发者大会

Vulkan is a low-overhead, cross-platform 3D graphics and compute API first announced at GDC 2015 by the Khronos Group.

Direct3D is a graphics application programming interface (API) for Microsoft Windows.

The Khronos Group is a not for profit industry consortium creating open standards for the authoring and acceleration of parallel computing, graphics, dynamic media, computer vision and sensor processing on a wide variety of platforms and devices.

Edison [ˈedisn]：爱迪生

Berlin：柏林

Prague [prɑ:ɡ]：布拉格

Warsaw：华沙

Venus [ 'viːnəs]：维纳斯，金星

Java Virtual Machine，JVM：Java虚拟机

Community Enterprise Operating System，CentOS：社区企业操作系统

Berkeley Software Distribution，BSD：伯克利软件套件

Kool Desktop Environment，KDE：K桌面环境

GNOME (pronounced [ɡˈnoʊm] or [ˈnoʊm]) is a desktop environment that is composed entirely of free and open-source software. GNOME was originally an acronym for GNU Network Object Model Environment.

Proxy Server：代理服务器

proxy [ˈprɒksi]：n.代表权，代理人，代替物，委托书，代理服务器

Static Random Access Memory，SRAM：静态随机存取存储器

Open System Interconnection，OSI：开放式系统互联

Direct Memory Access，DMA：直接存储器(内存)访问

Enhanced Direct Memory Access，EDMA：增强型直接存储器(内存)访问

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter，UART：通用异步接收器/发送器

Multi-Channel Buffer Serial Port，McBSP：多通道缓冲串口

Host-Port Interface，HPI：主机接口

Transister-Transister-Logic，TTL：晶体管-晶体管逻辑电路

Portable Document Format，PDF：便携式文档格式

Digital Display Working Group，DDWG：数字显示工作组

Scalable Vector Graphics，SVG：可缩放矢量图形

International Radio Consultative Committee，CCIR：国际无线电咨询委员会

Transition Minimized Differential Signaling，TMDS：最小化传输差分信号

High-Fidelity，Hi-Fi：高保真，与原来的声音高度相似的重放声音。

Limited Liability Company，LLC：有限责任公司

Quick Path Interconnect，QPI：快速通道互联

Internet Service Provider，ISP：互联网服务提供商

Internet Content Provider，ICP：互联网内容提供商

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol，TCP/IP：传输控制协议/因特网互联协议

GNU Free Documentation License，GFDL：GNU自由文档许可证

GNU Lesser General Public License，LGPL：GNU较宽松公共许可证

GNU Library General Public License，LGPL：GNU库通用公共许可证

Massachusetts Institute of Technology，MIT：麻省理工学院

Hard Disk Drive，HDD：硬盘驱动器

Analog to Digital，A/D：模拟数字转换

Digital to Analog，D/A：数字模拟转换

Toshiba：东芝

three dimensional，3D：三维的

Mitsubishi：三菱

floppy disk：软盘

APT (for Advanced Package Tool) is a set of tools for managing Debian packages, and therefore the applications installed on your Debian system.

International Electrotechnical Commission，IEC：国际电工委员会

Original Equipment Manufacturer，OEM：原厂委托制造，原始设备制造商

Original Design Manufacturer，ODM：原始设计制造商

Subscriber Identification Module，Subscriber Identity Module，SIM：客户识别模块

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，UMTS：通用移动通信系统

RPM Package Manager，RPM：RPM软件包管理器(原Red Hat Package Manager，现在是一个递归缩写)

The Yellowdog Updater,Modified (yum) is an open-source command-line package-management utility for computers running the Linux operating system using the RPM Package Manager.

Smart Common Input Method，SCIM：智能通用输入法平台

GNU GRand Unified Bootloader，GNU GRUB：GNU GRUB is a Multiboot bootloader.

Fourth extended filesystem，ext4：第四代扩展文件系统

End Of File，EOF：文件结束符

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (later rebranded SGI, historically known as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) was an American high-performance computing manufacturer, producing computer hardware and software.

Silicon Graphics，SGI：硅图

Board Support Package，BSP：板级支撑包

Basic Input/Output System，BIOS：基本输入输出系统

Pulse Width Modulation，PWM：脉宽调制，脉冲宽度调制

Virtual Reality Modeling Language，VRML：虚拟现实建模语言

Moving Picture Experts Group，MPEG：动态图像专家组

Digital Rights Management，DRM：数字版权管理

People's Republic of China，PRC：中华人民共和国

Least mean squares，LMS：最小均方算法，最小平均二乘方

Google Play is a digital distribution service, including a digital media store, the Google Play Store(originally the Android Market), operated and developed by Google.

MPEG-4 Part 14，MP4

Accelerated Graphics Port，AGP：图形加速端口

Real-Time Operating System，RTOS：实时操作系统

National Defense Industry Press：国防工业出版社

Mean Time Between Failure，MTBF：平均故障间隔时间

Mean Time To Restoration，MTTR：平均修复时间

Joint Test Action Group，JTAG：联合测试工作组

Electronic Design Automation，EDA：电子设计自动化

Human Machine Interface，HMI：人机界面，人机交互

Frequently Asked Questions，FAQ：常见问题解答

General Extension Language，GEL：通用扩展语言

Recursive Least Squares，RLS：递推最小二乘

Radio Interface Layer，RIL：无线介面层

Wireless Local Area Networks，WLAN：无线局域网

WIreless-Fidelity，WI-FI：无线保真，无线宽带，无线网

Dalvik Virtual Machine，Dalvik VM，DVM：Dalvik虚拟机器

Run Time Type Information，RTTI：运行时类型信息

User Account Control，UAC：用户访问控制

Real Time Data eXchange，RTDX：实时数据交换

Instant Messaging，IM：即时通讯

Transport Layer Security，TLS：传输层安全

Secure Sockets Layer，SSL：安全套接层

High-level Graphical User Interface，HighGUI：高级图形用户接口

Dual-Access RAM，DARAM：双重访问随机存取存储器，双口RAM，双访问存储器

Single-Access RAM，SARAM：单访问存储器

National Security Agency，NSA：美国国家安全局

Mandatory Access Control，MAC：强制访问控制

Secure Computing Corporation，SCC：安全计算公司

Security-Enhanced Linux，SE Linux：强制访问控制(MAC)安全系统

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory，EEPROM：电擦除的可编程只读存储器

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory，EPROM：可擦除可编程只读存储器

Programmable Read Only Memory，PROM：可编程的只读存储器

Media Access Control，MAC：介质访问控制

Ethernet Media Access Controller，EMAC：以太网媒体接入控制器

Tsinghua University Press：清华大学出版社

Most Significant Bit，MSB：高位

Least Significant Bit，LSB：低位

Nonmaskable Interrupt Return Pointer，NRP：不可屏蔽中断返回指针

Pacific Daylight Time，PDT：太平洋夏季时间

Central Standard Time，CST：中央标准时间

Greenwich Mean Time，GMT：格林尼治标准时间

Coordinated Universal Time(英)，Temps Universel Coordonné(法)：世界统一时间，世界标准时间，国际协调时间。英文(CUT)和法文(TUC)的缩写不同，作为妥协，简称UTC

January，Jan.：一月

February，Feb.：二月

March，Mar.：三月

April，Apr.：四月

May，May：五月

June，Jun.：六月

July，Jul.：七月

August，Aug.：八月

September，Sep.：九月

October，Oct.：十月

November，Nov.：十一月

December，Dec.：十二月

Sunday，Sun.：星期天

Monday，Mon.：星期一

Tuesday，Tue.：星期二

Wednesday，Wed.：星期三

Thursday，Thu.：星期四

Friday，Fri.：星期五

Saturday，Sat.：星期六

Emotion User Interface，EMUI：情感化用户界面

Programmable Logic Controller，PLC：可编程逻辑控制器

Industrial Personal Computer，IPC：工控机，工业控制计算机

Distributed Control System，DCS：分布式控制系统

Fieldbus Control System，FCS：现场总线控制系统

Computer Numerical Control，CNC：计算机数字控制系统

Pentium：奔腾处理器

Core 2 Duo：酷睿2

Athlon：速龙

Celeron：赛扬处理器

L2 Cache，L2：第二层缓存

Flash Memory：闪速存储器，闪存

Processor Mode Status，PMST：处理器模式状态寄存器

High Performance Computer，HPC：高性能计算机

High Performance Computing，HPC：高性能计算

3D game：三度空间游戏

Digital Versatile Disc，DVD：数字通用光盘

Magnet-Optical，MO：光磁盘

Storage Area Network，SAN：存储区域网络

Network Attached Storage，NAS：网络附属存储

Fortran(formerly FORTRAN, derived from "Formula Translation") is a general-purpose, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

The purpose of the GNU Fortran(GFortran) project is to develop the Fortran compiler front end and run-time libraries for GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection. GFortran development is part of the GNU Project.

Personal System/2，PS/2：输入装置接口

8-bit Unicode Transformation Format，UTF-8：万国码，针对Unicode的可变长度字符编码

Unicode：统一码，万国码，单一码，采用双字节对字符进行编码，统一的字符编码标准

Registered Jack，RJ：注册的插座

RJ45 Modular Plug：RJ45插头，RJ45水晶头

Line Print Terminal，LPT：行式打印机终端

Ethernet：以太网

Front Side Bus，FSB：前端总线

Release Candidate，RC：候选发布版

Release To Manufacture，RTM：发布制造商版

Service pack，SP：补丁包，服务更新包

Community Technology Preview，CTP：社区技术预览版

Beta：系统软件测试版

Soft Preview Edition：软件分包预览版

XP：英文中的体验(Experience)

swap：内存交换

device driver：设备驱动

system call interface：系统调用接口

Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks，RAID：磁盘阵列

Celeron：赛扬处理器

Sempron：闪龙

Duron：钻龙

CD-Random Access Memory，CD-RAM：CD随机存储器

Resistor Transistor Logic，RTL：电阻晶体管逻辑(电路)

Realtek：瑞昱

Network Address Translation，NAT：网络地址转换

mount：挂载

Pearson Education Group：培生教育出版集团

Array Technology Industry，ATI：冶天，世界著名的显示芯片生产商

Network Interface Card，NIC：网络适配器，网卡，网络接口卡

Red Hat, Inc. is an American multinational software company providing open-source software products to the enterprise community.

3Com Corporation was a digital electronics manufacturer best known for its computer network infrastructure products.

Lightning Data Transport，LDT：闪电数据传输总线

HyperTransport，HT：主板上的集成电路互连而设计的端到端总线技术

XFree86 was an implementation of the X Window System.

Mandriva Linux (a fusion of the French distribution Mandrakelinux or Mandrake Linux and the Brazilian distribution Conectiva Linux) was a Linux distribution by Mandriva.

Debian is an operating system and a distribution of Free Software.

Ubuntu is an open source software platform that runs everywhere from the smartphone, the tablet and the PC to the server and the cloud.

Macintosh，Mac：麦金塔电脑

Open Source：开放源代码

FreeBSD is an advanced computer operating system used to power modern servers, desktops, and embedded platforms.

General Electric Company，GE：美国通用电气公司

Multiplexed Information and Computing Service，Multics：多信息及计算服务

Compatible Time-Sharing System，CTSS：兼容分时系统

Alcatel：阿尔卡特

Lucent：朗讯

Uniplexed Information and Computing Service，Unics

Hewlett-Packard，HP：惠普

AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, pronounced [ˌeɪaɪˈɛks]) is a series of proprietary UNIX operating systems developed and sold by IBM for several of its computer platforms.

Bulletin Board System，BBS：电子公告牌系统

Community Multiscale Air Quality，CMAQ

Red Hat Enterprise Linux，RHEL

Chinese Software Developer Network，CSDN

firmware：固件

Plasma Display Panel，PDP：等离子显示板

UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the UNIX operating system.

Artificial Intelligence，AI：人工智能

Debian Packager，dpkg：Debian Package Manager

MINIX (from "mini-Unix") is a POSIX-compliant (since version 2.0), UNIX-like computer operating system based on a microkernel architecture.

Editor MACroS，EMACS：宏编辑器

GNU Compiler Collection，GCC：GNU编译器套件

The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems including UNIX and Windows.

KNOPPIX is a bootable Live system on CD, DVD or USB flash drives, consisting of a representative collection of GNU/Linux software, automatic hardware detection, and support for many graphics cards, sound cards, SCSI and USB devices and other peripherals.

KNOPPIX：Live Linux Filesystem On CD

Maximum Performance Mode：最高性能模式

Battery Optimized Mode：电池优化模式

GDB，The GNU Project Debugger

The X.Org project provides an open source implementation of the X Window System.

The X Window System (X11, or shortened to simply X, and sometimes informally X-Windows) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on UNIX-like computer operating systems.

Fedora[fɪ'dɔːrə]：费多拉，A Linux based operating system.

Backup to Disk，B2D：在线磁盘备份

Identification，ID：身份证

Microsoft Service Network，MSN：微软公司旗下的门户网站

Skype：即时通讯软件

Yahoo：雅虎

Mozilla is a free-software community which produces the Firefox web browser.

Firefox：火狐浏览器

Extended Support Release，ESR：延长支持

Pidgin (formerly named Gaim) is a free and open-source multi-platform instant messaging client, based on a library named libpurple that has support for many instant messaging protocols, allowing the user to simultaneously log in to various services from one application.

Linux Mobile，LiMo：基于Linux的最新的手机操作系统

Outlook Express, formerly known as Microsoft Internet Mail and News, is a discontinued email and news client.

The Linux Documentation Project，TLDP

Chinese Linux Documentation Project，CLDP

Chinese GNU/Linux Extensions，CLE

Linux Standard Base，LSB：Linux标准规范

Postfix is Wietse Venema's mail server that started life at IBM research as an alternative to the widely-used Sendmail program.

Cray is the supercomputer company, built on decades of HPC expertise.

Hewlett Packard UNIX，HP-UX

Server Message Block，SMB：服务器报文块协议

mandrake [ˈmændreɪk]：n.曼德拉草，曼德拉草根

Common Internet File System，CIFS：通用互联网文档系统

SUSE Linux ([ˈsuːsə] or [ˈsuːzə]) is a computer operating system. It is built on top of the open source Linux kernel and is distributed with system and application software from other open source projects.

The openSUSE Project develops Free Software and tools and has two main Linux distribution named openSUSE Leap and openSUSE Tumbleweed.

The openSUSE Project is a community project to create, promote, improve and document the openSUSE Linux distribution.

Slackware is a Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993.

Gentoo is a free operating system based on either Linux or FreeBSD that can be automatically optimized and customized for just about any application or need.

Boot Loader：引导加载程序

boot sector：启动扇区

laboratory，LAB.：实验室

Tar (for "Tape ARchive") is a UNIX shell command that creates a single file called an "archive" from a number of specified files or extracts the files from such an archive. A tar archive has the file suffix ".tar".

GNU Tar provides the ability to create tar archives, as well as various other kinds of manipulation.

A tarball or tarfile is the name that describes a group or archive of files that are bundled together using the tar command and usually have the .tar file extension.

Desktop Publishing，DTP：桌面排版系统

GNU Image Manipulation Program，GIMP：GIMP is an advanced picture editor.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，SMTP：简单邮件传输协议

Internet Message Access Protocol，IMAP：互联网邮件访问协议

Post Office Protocol 3，POP3：邮局协议的第3个版本

Power-on Self Test，POST：开机自检，上电自检

Double In-line Memory Modules，DIMM：双列直插内存模块

Single In-line Memory Module，SIMM：单列直插内存模块

daemon [ˈdi:mən]：n.半人半神的精灵，守护神，[计]守护进程

WU-FTPD (more fully wuarchive-ftpd, also frequently spelled in lowercase as wu-ftpd) is a free FTP server software (daemon) for UNIX-like operating systems.

Sendmail is a general purpose internet work email routing facility that supports many kinds of mail-transfer and delivery methods, including the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used for email transport over the Internet.

Openmoko™ is a project dedicated to delivering mobile phones with an open source software stack.

Openmoko Linux is an operating system for smartphones developed by the Openmoko project.

Apache OpenOffice：The leading open source office suite for word processing, spreadsheets, databases, graphics, presentations and more.

Globally Unique Identifier，GUID：全局唯一标识符

GUID Partition Table，GPT：全局唯一标识磁盘分区表

GNU nano is a text editor for UNIX-like computing systems or operating environments using a command line interface.

GanttProject is GPL-licensed (free software) Java based, project management software that runs under the Windows, Linux and Mac OS X operating systems.

Scribus is an Open Source DTP (Desktop Publishing) application for Linux and other flavors of UNIX and UNIX-like systems, including Mac OS X , as well as OS/2 and eComStation respectively, and Windows 2000 or later.

macOS (originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016) is the current series of UNIX-based graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc.

Dia is free (open source) drawing software.

AbiWord ([ˈæbiwɜːrd]) is a free and open-source software word processor written in C++.

SourceForge is a Web-based service that offers software developers a centralized online location to control and manage free and open-source software projects.

LaTeX is a high-quality typesetting system; it includes features designed for the production of technical and scientific documentation.

mind mapping：思维导图、心智地图，心像图，心智图

logical partition：逻辑分区

directory tree：目录树

root directory：根目录

Disk Operating System，DOS：磁盘操作系统

The SPFDisk is Boot manager and Partition tools.

FreeMind：Free and easy to use mind mapping tool.

Samba is an important component to seamlessly integrate Linux/UNIX Servers and Desktops into Active Directory environments.

GeForce is a brand of graphics processing units (GPUs) designed by Nvidia.

EGL™ is an interface between Khronos rendering APIs such as OpenGL ES or OpenVG and the underlying native platform window system.

Advanced Power Management，APM：高级电源管理

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface，ACPI：高级配置与电源接口

National Aviation Services，NAS：美国国家安全局

Frame Rate Control，FRC：帧频控制技术

Motion Estimate and Motion Compensation，MEMC：运动估计和运动补偿

Open Source Computer Vision Library，OpenCV：开源计算机视觉库

OpenVX is an open, royalty-free standard for cross platform acceleration of computer vision applications.

Universal Verification Methodology，UVM：通用验证方法学

Global System for Mobile Communications，GSM：全球移动通信系统

High Speed Packet Access，HSPA：高速下行分组接入

High Speed Uplink Packet Access，HSUPA：高速上行分组接入

Samsung Galaxy (stylized as SAMSUNG Galaxy, previously Samsung GALAXY) is a series of mobile computing devices designed, manufactured and marketed by Samsung Electronics.

Google Nexus is a line of consumer electronic devices that run the Android operating system.

The PandaBoard is a low-power, low-cost single-board computer development platform based on the Texas Instruments OMAP4430 system on a chip (SoC).

The Galaxy Nexus (GSM)(maguro) is a touchscreen smartphone manufactured by Samsung with direct support from Google.

Dalvik is a discontinued process virtual machine (VM) in Google's Android operating system that executes applications written for Android.

Android Runtime (ART) is an application runtime environment used by the Android operating system.

Ahead-of-time (AOT)compilation is the act of compiling a high-level programming language such as Cor C++, or an intermediate language such as Java bytecode or .NET Common Intermediate Language (CIL) code, into a native (system-dependent) machine code with the intention of executing the resulting binary file natively.

Off-the-Record Messaging (OTR) is a cryptographic protocol that provides encryption for instant messaging conversations.

OpenVMS is a computer operating system for use in general-purpose computing.

The GNU C Library, commonly known as glibc,is the GNU Project's implementation of the C standard library.

The C standard library is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ANSI C standard.

Compatibility Test Suite，CTS：兼容性测试工具

Federal Bureau of Investigation，FBI：美国联邦调查局

California [ˌkælɪ'fɔ:njə, -'fɔ:ni:ə]：加利福尼亚州，加州

Facebook (stylized as facebook) is an American for-profit corporation and online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California, United States.

Elsevier：n.爱思唯尔(世界领先的科技及医学出版公司)

Graphics Device Interface，GDI：图形设备接口

APPlication，APP：应用

Surface Flinger，SF

Vertical Synchronization，VSYNC，V-sync：垂直同步，场同步

Horizontal Synchronization，HSYNC：水平同步，行同步

System V is sometimes abbreviated to SysV.

Executable and Linkable Format，Extensible Linking Format，ELF：可执行连接文件格式

Application Binary Interface，ABI：应用程序二进制接口

Window Manager Service，WMS：窗口管理器服务

Special Administrative Region，SAR：特别行政区

Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press：北京航空航天大学出版社

Welcome Screen / Resource Explorer：欢迎屏幕/资源管理器

Digital Video Software Development Kit，DVSDK：数字视频软件开发工具

Technical Manual，TM：技术手册

Support Vector Machine，SVM：支持向量机

Abstract Data Type，ADT：抽象数据类型

Negative-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor，NMOS：N沟道金属氧化物半导体

Positive-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor，PMOS：P沟道金属氧化物半导体

Common Object File Format，COFF：通用目标文件格式

Management Data Input / Output，MDIO：管理数据输入输出

Pin Grid Array Package，PGA Package：插针网格阵列封装技术，针脚栅格阵列封装技术

Ball Grid Array Package，BGA Package：球栅阵列

Code Composer Studio，CCS：谱写代码的工作室

Multiplier and Accumulator，MAC：一次乘法和一次加法[乘累加单元]

Magnetic Resonance Imaging，MRI：磁共振成像

Virtual File System，Virtual Filesystem Switch，VFS：虚拟文件系统

window manager：窗口管理程序

man，manual：操作说明

iso，isolation

cp，copy：复制

mv，move：移动

rm，remove：删除

cat，concatenate：连续

env，environment：环境

eng，engineering：工程学

/usr，UNIX software resource：操作系统软件资源

/var，variable：Variable files - files whose content is expected to continually change during normal operation of the system - such as logs, spool files, and temporary e-mail files.

A user ID (UID) is a unique positive integer assigned by a Unix-like operating system to each user.

Process Identifier，Process ID，PID：进程标识

Frequency identify，FID：频率鉴别号码

mount point：挂载点

Free Lossless Audio Codec，FLAC：自由无损音频编解码

Frame Buffer，FB：帧缓冲区

The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel introduced in November 1,1995.

Defect Tracking System，DTS：缺陷追踪系统

Set Group ID upon execution，SetGID，SGID

Set User ID upon execution，SetUID，SUID

File Allocation Table，FAT：文件分配表

Second Extended File system，EXT2：第二代扩展文件系统

Virtual File Allocation Table，VFAT：虚拟文件分配表

Journaling File System，JFS：日志文件系统

XFS is a high-performance 64-bit journaling file system created by Silicon Graphics, Inc (SGI) in 1993.

Input/Output，I/O

Image Signal Processor，ISP：图像信号处理器

Analog Signal Processing，ASP：模拟信号处理

Java Development Kit，JDK：Java 语言的软件开发工具包

Java Runtime Environment，JRE

Server Java Runtime Environment，Server JRE

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition，Java EE

Java Platform, Standard Edition，Java SE

Java Platform, Micro Edition，Java ME

Internet Protocol Television，IPTV：交互式网络电视

Video on demand (display)，VOD：视频点播

Audio and Video On Demand，AVOD：交互式多媒体视频点播

Open source package for Material eXplorer，OpenMX

Open Multi-Processing，OpenMP

Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast，ADS-B：广播式自动相关监视

cross compiler：交叉编译器

project butter：黄油计划

triple buffering：三重缓冲区，三重缓存区

Frames Per Second，FPS：每秒帧数

Cathode Ray Tube，CRT：阴极射线管

multiple buffering：多重缓冲区，多重缓存区

screen tearing：屏幕撕裂

double buffering：双重缓冲区，双重缓存区

vertical scanning frequency：场频，垂直扫描频率

horizontal scanning frequency：行频，水平扫描频率

Vertical Blanking Interval，VBI：垂直回扫期，场消隐期，场逆程

Extended Data Services，now XDS，previously EDS：扩展数据服务

vertical sync pulse：帧同步脉冲

buffer queue：缓存队列

Hardware Composer，HWComposer，HWC：硬件合成器

UNIX Domain Socket，UDS：UNIX域套接字

Versatile Real-Time Executive，VRTX：通用实时执行程序

ATMEL：爱特梅尔

National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations，NASDAQ：纳斯达克，美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价表

Free and Open Source Software，FOSS：自由及开放源代码软件

droid：树根节点

Free/Libre and Open Source Software，FLOSS：自由/开源软件

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer，EDVAC：电子离散变量自动计算机

Harvard architecture：哈佛架构

Von Neumann architecture：冯诺依曼结构

Activity Manager Service，AMS：

Input Manager Service，IMS

In computing, ioctl (an abbreviation of input/output control) is a system call for device-specific input/output operations and other operations which cannot be expressed by regular system calls.

On Screen Display，OSD：屏幕显示

Inter-Integrated Circuit，I2C：内部集成电路

External Memory Interface，EMIF：外部存储器接口

Application Program Interface，API：应用程序接口

Industry Standard Architecture，ISA：工业标准体系结构

Extended Industry Standard Architecture，EISA：扩展工业标准结构

Micro Controller Unit，MCU：微控制器单元

Portable Media Player，PMP：便携式媒体播放器

Recommended Standard，RS：推荐标准

image [ˈɪmɪdʒ]：n.影像，肖像，概念，意向，镜像，映像，vt.反映，想像，作…的像，象征

Joint Test Action Group，JTAG：联合测试行为组织

Remote Procedure Call，RPC：远程过程调用

Davinci™：达芬奇

ARM Frame Buffer Compression，AFBC：ARM帧缓冲压缩

Display Sub-System，DSS：显示子系统

Cygwin is a Linux-like environment for Windows.

MSysGit - the development behind Git for Windows.

Secure Sockets Layer，SSL：安全套接字层

Transport Layer Security，TLS：安全传输层协议

OpenSSL is an open source project that provides a robust, commercial-grade, and full-featured toolkit for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols.

Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition：Linux设备驱动程序(第3版)

Global Network Navigator，GNN

O'Reilly Media (formerly O'Reilly &Associates) is an American media company established by Tim O'Reilly that publishes books and Web sites and produces conferences on computer technology topics.

Simplified Chinese translation edition is published and distributed exclusively by Tsinghua University Press under the authorization by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., wihin the territory of the People’s Republic of China only,excluding Hong Kong, Macao SAR and Taiwan. Unauthorized export of this edition is a violation of the Copyright Act. Violation of this Law is subject to Civil and Criminal Penalties.

本书中文简体翻译版由美国JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.公司授权清华大学出版社在中华人民共和国境内(不包括中国香港、澳门特别行政区和中国台湾地区)独家出版发行。未经许可之出口视为违反著作权法，将受法律之制裁。

China Electric Power Press：中国电力出版社

Symmetric Multi-Processor，SMP：对称多处理器结构

Non Uniform Memory Access Architecture，NUMA：非一致存储访问结构

LWN.net is a computing webzine with an emphasis on free software and software for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.

Personal Computer Memory Card International Association，PCMCIA：个人计算机存储卡国际协会

constant width italic：等宽斜体

constant width bold：加粗等宽字体

constant width：等宽字体

italic：斜体

Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike(cc-by-sa)

TTY, in electronic or electromechanical communications, was used to refer to "teletype" or perhaps "teletypewriter", but it has come to refer to any type of text terminal.