在PowerShell中使用curl(Invoke-WebRequest)

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前言

习惯了windows的界面模式就很难转去命令行，甚至以命令行发家的git也涌现出各种界面tool。然而命令行真的会比界面快的多，如果你是一个码农。

situation：接到需求分析bug，需要访问http。那台机器属于product，不允许装postman。我只能手动命令行来发请求。发现了内置的PowerShell中有curl命令。欢喜试了半天，总是命令不对，google发现这个curl是冒名顶替的，只是一个Invoke-WebRequest的alias。参考。

PS> Get-Alias -Definition Invoke-WebRequest | Format-Table -AutoSizeCommandType Name                      Version Source----------- ----                      ------- ------Alias       curl -> Invoke-WebRequestAlias       iwr -> Invoke-WebRequestAlias       wget -> Invoke-WebRequest

Invoke-WebRequest简单用法

1.用途

Gets content from a web page on the Internet.

获取http web请求访问内容

2.语法Syntax

Parameter Set: DefaultInvoke-WebRequest [-Uri] <Uri> [-Body <Object> ] [-Certificate <X509Certificate> ] [-CertificateThumbprint <String> ] [-ContentType <String> ] [-Credential <PSCredential> ] [-DisableKeepAlive] [-Headers <IDictionary> ] [-InFile <String> ] [-MaximumRedirection <Int32> ] [-Method <WebRequestMethod> {Default | Get | Head | Post | Put | Delete | Trace | Options | Merge | Patch} ] [-OutFile <String> ] [-PassThru] [-Proxy <Uri> ] [-ProxyCredential <PSCredential> ] [-ProxyUseDefaultCredentials] [-SessionVariable <String> ] [-TimeoutSec <Int32> ] [-TransferEncoding <String> {chunked | compress | deflate | gzip | identity} ] [-UseBasicParsing] [-UseDefaultCredentials] [-UserAgent <String> ] [-WebSession <WebRequestSession> ] [ <CommonParameters>]

3.简单的几个用法

3.1 Get请求

PS C:\Users\rmiao> curl -URi https://www.google.comStatusCode        : 200StatusDescription : OKContent           : <!doctype html><html itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="en"><head><meta content="Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many speci..."RawContent        : HTTP/1.1 200 OK                    X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block                    X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN                    Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="36,35,34,33,32"                    Vary: Accept-Encoding                    Transfer-Encoding: chunked

会发现content内容被截断了。想要获取完整的content：

ps> curl https://www.google.com | Select -ExpandProperty Content

-Headers @{"accept"="application/json"}

3.3指定Method

-Method Get

3.4将获取到的content输出到文件

-OutFile 'c:\Users\rmiao\temp\content.txt'

3.5表单提交

For example:

$R = Invoke-WebRequest http://website.com/login.aspx $R.Forms[0].Name = "MyName" $R.Forms[0].Password = "MyPassword" Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R

Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R.Forms[0]

3.6内容筛选

PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R = Invoke-WebRequest -URI http://www.bing.com?q=how+many+feet+in+a+milePS C:\Users\rmiao> $R.AllElements | where {$_.innerhtml -like "*=*"} | Sort { $_.InnerHtml.Length } | Select InnerText -First 5innerText---------=1Next=

3.7一个登陆示例

#发送一个登陆请求，声明一个sessionVariable 参数为fb, 将结果保存在$R#这个变量FB就是header.cookie等集合PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R=curl http://www.facebook.com/login.php -SessionVariable fbPS C:\Users\rmiao> $FBHeaders               : {}Cookies               : System.Net.CookieContainerUseDefaultCredentials : FalseCredentials           :Certificates          :UserAgent             : Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT; Windows NT 6.3; en-US) WindowsPowerShell/4.0Proxy                 :MaximumRedirection    : -1#将response响应结果中的第一个form属性赋值给变量FormPS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form=$R.Forms[0]PS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form.fieldsKey                                                         Value---                                                         -----lsd                                                         AVqQqrLWdisplayenable_profile_selectorisprivatelegacy_return                                               0profile_selector_idsreturn_sessionskip_api_loginsigned_nexttrynum                                                      1u_0_0u_0_1lgnrnd                                                      214945_qGeglgnjs                                                       nemailpasspersistentdefault_persistent                                          1# 查看formPS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form | Format-ListId     : login_formMethod : postAction : /login.php?login_attempt=1&lwv=100Fields : {[lsd, AVqQqrLW], [display, ], [enable_profile_selector, ], [isprivate, ]...}#查看属性$Form.fields#设置账号密码$Form.Fields["email"] = "User01@Fabrikam.com"$Form.Fields["pass"] = "P@ssw0rd"#发送请求并保存结果为$R$R=Invoke-WebRequest -Uri ("https://www.facebook.com" + $Form.Action) -WebSession $FB -Method POST -Body $Form.Fields#查看结果PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R.StatusDescriptionOK

虽然没有curl那么主流，但一样可以成为http访问的一个选择。

参考

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh849901.aspx

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