学习Picasso(毕加索)

来源:互联网 发布:知有多少个同音字 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/04/27 16:38

Picasso 完美兼容 OkHttp3.3,缓存优化两不误

字数1327 阅读792 评论0 

Tamic 专注移动开发!更多文章请关注http://www.jianshu.com/p/6241950f9daf

为何在Fresco,Glide这么强大的背景下,我又想起了当初的Picasso,又为何写这篇文章?是因为最近项目采用了square公司的RxAndroid,Retrfit和OKhttp, 不得不联想到这个公司曾经还有款图片加载Picasso,所以采用了square公司的全家桶来进行项目开发,为了减少开发成本和也防止Apk增大,毕竟一个公司的框架之前兼容性不用担心,那么请让我们回顾一下Picass之路

首先先让我们看看主流图片加载库

  • Picasso,Square公司的开源项目 ,和Square的网络库一起能发挥最大作用。占用内存小,自身不带缓存,需依赖OKhttps实现缓存,不支持gif图片

  • Fresco,FB的明星项目,也是2015最火的项目之一,匿名共享缓存等机制保证低端机表现极佳,但是源代码基于C/C++,阅读困难度提升。效率高,sdk库占用包体积比较大

  • Glide,Google员工私人项目,但是Google很多项目在用,占用内存小,减低oom更靠谱,相对Picasso在Gif方面有优势,并自带缓存功能!

我做了一个实验对比 用一个普通listview加载50张图片,并快速滑动列表,下面分别是glide和picasso消耗内存图


glide

Picasso
  • 分析后得出 一个占用内存大 一个占用cpu资源大, 这种区别是由于picasso只缓存一张大图,每次加载根据imagview的大小裁剪,因此消耗的cpu资源高,glide是分别存储不同尺寸的小图,每次不用计算,因此消耗内存比较多,加载速度相对Picasso也快,但也很耗流量.

  • 为了避免OOM, 我毫不犹豫选择了消耗内存较小的picasso, Fresco不用说都是加载速度第一的框架,采用c库 ,我没做集成测试,具体消耗多少cpu资源我无法给出数据,据说业界第一,但是对apk大小要求的很可能不太合适,这里对Apk包体积要求不高的项目优先的首选。

喜欢glide的朋友可以看看这篇文章 :http://mrfu.me/2016/02/27/Glide_Getting_Started/

实验测试并做了简单比较后,为何还要继续说Picasso,不是说他有多块多流畅,只是当你使用了square公司其他的开源项目,会发现他们都会依赖okhttp,okhttp的强大不言而喻,今天只介绍piacsso相关的,说说picasso(官方:https://github.com/square/picasso) 的一些常用技巧!

Picasso


使用方式:

配置gradle

dependencies {ccompile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.3.1'compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.3.1'}

据说目前的2.5.3已修复了2.52无法兼容okhttp3的问题,但我还是选择了2.52版本。

用法

Picasso.with(getApplication()).load(url).into(imageView);

以上用法很简单,加载图片时提供url插入到imageview即可,picasso其他强大功还没有太多的理解的同学请Follow Me!

裁剪图片

 Picasso.with(getApplication()).resize(width, height);

这句方法会出现bug,误用!

请用Transformation来进行转义实现:

       Picasso.with(getApplication())        .load(url)        .transform(new PaTransformation(width, height)).into(imageView);

Transformation可以拦截到picasoo返回的bitmap,拿着bitmap随心所欲!

public class TamicTransformation implements Transformation {private int width;private int height;private String key;public PaTransformation(int width, int height) {    this(width, height,  width + "*" + height);}public PaTransformation(int width, int height, String key) {    this.width = width;    this.height = height;    this.key = key;}@Overridepublic Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {   略 拿着source进行裁剪缩放即可    if (result != source) {        // Same bitmap is returned if sizes are the same        source.recycle();    }    return result;}@Overridepublic String key() {    return key;}

}

列如处理圆形头像

 public class CircleTransformation implements Transformation {    private static final int STROKE_WIDTH = 5;   @Override    public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {      int size = Math.min(source.getWidth(), source.getHeight());      int x = (source.getWidth() - size) / 2;    int y = (source.getHeight() - size) / 2;     Bitmap squaredBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(source, x, y, size, size);     if (squaredBitmap != source) {         source.recycle();      }    Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(size, size,source.getConfig());    Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);    Paint avatarPaint = new Paint();     BitmapShader shader = new BitmapShader(squaredBitmap, BitmapShader.TileMode.CLAMP, BitmapShader.TileMode.CLAMP);avatarPaint.setShader(shader);     Paint outlinePaint = new Paint();   outlinePaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);   outlinePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);   outlinePaint.setStrokeWidth(STROKE_WIDTH);   outlinePaint.setAntiAlias(true);   float r = size / 2f;     canvas.drawCircle(r, r, r, avatarPaint);    canvas.drawCircle(r, r, r - STROKE_WIDTH / 2, outlinePaint);   squaredBitmap.recycle();   return bitmap;    }  @Override    public String key() {    return "circle)";  }}

接着设置渲染模式

           Picasso.with(getApplication()) .fit().centerCrop()

清空缓存

新的版本2.52 已经无法直接拿到之前的cache,因此可以用Picasso.invalidate()的实现清楚缓存!

以前我们可以这样

 Clear.clearCache(Picasso.with(context));

但现在 不行了

稍加封装成了这样子:

void clearCache(Uri uri, File file, String path) {if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(uri.toString())) {mPicasso.invalidate(uri);return;}if (!NullUtils.isNull(file)) {mPicasso.invalidate(file);return;}if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {mPicasso.invalidate(path);}}

当然也可以这样!

  Picasso.with(getContext()).load(Url).memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE).into(image);

在加载图片时直接不让做缓存!

加入缓存

当然2.5.2没做对oKhttp3.3的兼容,因此我们加入自定义的cilent,对okhttp做下缓存定制,请照着下面姿势作

构建OkHttpClient

    // creat the OkHttpClient.    OkHttpClient client =new OkHttpClient            .Builder()            .cache(new Cache("你的缓存路径", 1000*1024))            .addInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context, null))            .addNetworkInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context, null))            .build();

拦截器Interceptor

拦截器大家都不陌生,尤其是玩过okhttp和retofit的朋友,那肯定是拦截http的拦截请求和响应的,

public class CaheInterceptor implements Interceptor {private Context context;public CaheInterceptor(@NonNull Context context) {    this.context = context;}@Overridepublic Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {    Request request = chain.request();    if (NetworkUtil.isNetworkAvailable(context)) {        Response response = chain.proceed(request);        // read from cache for 60 s        int maxAge = 300;        String cacheControl = request.cacheControl().toString();        Log.e("Tamic", maxAge+ "s load cahe:" + cacheControl);        return response.newBuilder()                .removeHeader("Pragma")                .removeHeader("Cache-Control")                .header("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=" + maxAge)                .build();    } else {        Log.e("Tamic", " no network load cahe");        request = request.newBuilder()                .cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE)                .build();        Response response = chain.proceed(request);        //set cahe times is 3 days        int maxStale = 60 * 60 * 24 * 3;        return response.newBuilder()                .removeHeader("Pragma")                .removeHeader("Cache-Control")                .header("Cache-Control", "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=" + maxStale)                .build();    }}

}

添加到Picasso中

    // Generate the global default Picasso instance.  Picasso   mPicasso = getPicasso(context, null);    mPicasso.setLoggingEnabled(true);}

自定义DownLoader

为了兼容okhttp3.31 实现下载器!

 public class ImageDownLoader implements Downloader {OkHttpClient client = null;public ImageDownLoader(OkHttpClient client) {    this.client = client;}@Overridepublic Response load(Uri uri, int networkPolicy) throws IOException {    CacheControl cacheControl = null;    if (networkPolicy != 0) {        if (NetworkPolicy.isOfflineOnly(networkPolicy)) {            cacheControl = CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE;        } else {            CacheControl.Builder builder = new CacheControl.Builder();            if (!NetworkPolicy.shouldReadFromDiskCache(networkPolicy)) {                builder.noCache();            }            if (!NetworkPolicy.shouldWriteToDiskCache(networkPolicy)) {                builder.noStore();            }            cacheControl = builder.build();        }    }    Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url(uri.toString());    if (cacheControl != null) {        builder.cacheControl(cacheControl);    }    okhttp3.Response response = client.newCall(builder.build()).execute();    int responseCode = response.code();    if (responseCode >= 300) {        response.body().close();        throw new ResponseException(responseCode + " " + response.message(), networkPolicy,                responseCode);    }    boolean fromCache = response.cacheResponse() != null;    ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();    return new Response(responseBody.byteStream(), fromCache, responseBody.contentLength());}@Overridepublic void shutdown() {    Cache cache = client.cache();    if (cache != null) {        try {            cache.close();        } catch (IOException ignored) {        }    }}

}

接着将ImageDownLoader 加入到Picasso
/**

 * Download Big Image only, Not singleton but shared cache */ public Picasso getPicasso(Context context) {    OkHttpClient client = getProgressBarClient();    return new Picasso.Builder(context)            .downloader(new ImageDownLoader(client))            .build();}

/**

 * Not singleton */private  OkHttpClient getProgressBarClient() {    return client.newBuilder()            .addInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context))            .addNetworkInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(contextr))            .build();}

这样我们在做图片加载时 就可以:

  getPicasso(context) .load(Url).into(image)

因此用了Picasso我们可以直接将缓存策略用到retrofit上去,其实一箭双雕,大大简化了开发成本!

优化相关

优化不缓存策略

        public RequestCreator skipMemoryCache(RequestCreator requestCreator) {    return requestCreator.memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_STORE, MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE)            .networkPolicy(NetworkPolicy.NO_STORE, NetworkPolicy.NO_CACHE);}

降低内存消耗
设置RGB_565编码格式,降低内存消耗

public RequestCreator cutDownMemory(RequestCreator requestCreator) {    return requestCreator.config(Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);}

取消加载

public class TamicImageView extends ImageView  {public TamicImageView(Context context) {    this(context, null, 0);}public TamicImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {    this(context, attrs, 0);}public TamicImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {    super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);}@Overrideprotected void onDetachedFromWindow() {    super.onDetachedFromWindow();     // 不可见时释放Bitmap    setImageDrawable(null);   // 暂停加载   mPicasso.pauseTag(this);}

}

还有很多api,比如

  • requestCreator.tag(tag);设置key

  • requestCreator.error(); 设置加载失败图片

  • mPicasso.pauseTag(); 暂停加载

  • mPicasso.resumeTag();恢复加载

  • mPicasso.cancelRequest();取消加载

  • requestCreator.priority()优先级

  • requestCreator..rotate() 旋转之类

后记

总之虽然picasso 并不是最快的图片加载框架,但是他在基本的加载本地和网络图片基础上,还能很好的提供了让我们自我扩展能力,其扩展性和适应性更强,相信你结合了ohttp+ rxJava + Picasso 后你会发现他确实适合你!

0 0