Oracle数据库(二)过滤和排序

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SQL> --查询10号部门的员工SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where deptno=10;     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   SQL> --字符串大小写敏感SQL> --查询名叫KING的员工SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where ename='KING';     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                   SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where ename='King'SQL> /未选定行SQL> --日期格式敏感SQL> --查询入职日期是17-11月-81的员工信息SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where hiredate='17-11月-81';     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                   SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where hiredate='1981-11-17'SQL> /where hiredate='1981-11-17'               *第 3 行出现错误: ORA-01861: 文字与格式字符串不匹配 SQL> --改日期格式SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;PARAMETER                                                        VALUE                                                                                ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------                     NLS_LANGUAGE                                                     SIMPLIFIED CHINESE                                                                   NLS_TERRITORY                                                    CHINA                                                                                NLS_CURRENCY                                                     ¥                                                                                   NLS_ISO_CURRENCY                                                 CHINA                                                                                NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS                                           .,                                                                                   NLS_CALENDAR                                                     GREGORIAN                                                                            NLS_DATE_FORMAT                                                  DD-MON-RR                                                                            NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE                                                SIMPLIFIED CHINESE                                                                   NLS_CHARACTERSET                                                 ZHS16GBK                                                                             NLS_SORT                                                         BINARY                                                                               NLS_TIME_FORMAT                                                  HH.MI.SSXFF AM                                                                       PARAMETER                                                        VALUE                                                                                ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------                     NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT                                             DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM                                                             NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT                                               HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR                                                                   NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT                                          DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR                                                         NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY                                                ¥                                                                                   NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET                                           AL16UTF16                                                                            NLS_COMP                                                         BINARY                                                                               NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS                                             BYTE                                                                                 NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP                                              FALSE                                                                                已选择 19 行。SQL> alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd';会话已更改。SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where hiredate='1981-11-17';     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE     SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                       ---------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                             7839 KING     PRESIDENT            1981-11-17  5000                    10                                                                       SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where hiredate='17-11月-81';where hiredate='17-11月-81'               *第 3 行出现错误: ORA-01861: 文字与格式字符串不匹配 SQL> alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT='DD-MON-RR';会话已更改。SQL> host clsSQL> --between... andSQL> --查询薪水1000~2000之间的员工SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where sal between 1000 and 2000;     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   已选择 6 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where sal between 2000 and 1000SQL> /未选定行SQL> --注意:1. 含有边界  2. 小值在前 大值在后SQL> host clsSQL> --in 在集合中SQL> --查询部门号是10和20的员工SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where deptno in (10,20);     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   已选择 8 行。SQL> --null值 3. 如果集合中,含有null,不能使用not in; 但可以使用inSQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where deptno in (10,20,null)SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   已选择 8 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where deptno not in (10,20)SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                   已选择 6 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where deptno not in (10,20,null)SQL> /未选定行SQL> --思考上面的原因?SQL> host clsSQL> --模糊查询SQL> --查询名字以S打头的员工SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where ename like 'S%';     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                   SQL> --查询名字是4个字的员工SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where ename like '____'SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                   SQL> host clsSQL> -- 插入记录SQL> insert into emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno) values(1001,'Tom_AB',3000,10);已创建 1 行。SQL> select * from emp;     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         1001 Tom_AB                                        3000                    10                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   已选择 15 行。SQL> --查询名字中含有下划线的员工SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where ename like '%_%';     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         1001 Tom_AB                                        3000                    10                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   已选择 15 行。SQL> --转意字符SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where ename like '%\_%' escape '\'SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         1001 Tom_AB                                        3000                    10                                                                   SQL> rollback;回退已完成。SQL> select * from emp;     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> host clsSQL> --SQL优化2. where解析顺序: 右-->  左SQL> --查询员工信息,按照月薪排序SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  order by sal;     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> --order by 后面 + 列,表达式,别名,序号SQL> select ename,sal,sal*12  2  from emp  3  order by sal*12 desc;ENAME      SAL     SAL*12                                                                                                                             -------- ----- ----------                                                                                                                             KING      5000      60000                                                                                                                             FORD      3000      36000                                                                                                                             SCOTT     3000      36000                                                                                                                             JONES     2975      35700                                                                                                                             BLAKE     2850      34200                                                                                                                             CLARK     2450      29400                                                                                                                             ALLEN     1600      19200                                                                                                                             TURNER    1500      18000                                                                                                                             MILLER    1300      15600                                                                                                                             WARD      1250      15000                                                                                                                             MARTIN    1250      15000                                                                                                                             ENAME      SAL     SAL*12                                                                                                                             -------- ----- ----------                                                                                                                             ADAMS     1100      13200                                                                                                                             JAMES      950      11400                                                                                                                             SMITH      800       9600                                                                                                                             已选择 14 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select ename,sal,sal*12 年薪  2  from emp  3* order by 年薪 descSQL> /ENAME      SAL       年薪                                                                                                                             -------- ----- ----------                                                                                                                             KING      5000      60000                                                                                                                             FORD      3000      36000                                                                                                                             SCOTT     3000      36000                                                                                                                             JONES     2975      35700                                                                                                                             BLAKE     2850      34200                                                                                                                             CLARK     2450      29400                                                                                                                             ALLEN     1600      19200                                                                                                                             TURNER    1500      18000                                                                                                                             MILLER    1300      15600                                                                                                                             WARD      1250      15000                                                                                                                             MARTIN    1250      15000                                                                                                                             ENAME      SAL       年薪                                                                                                                             -------- ----- ----------                                                                                                                             ADAMS     1100      13200                                                                                                                             JAMES      950      11400                                                                                                                             SMITH      800       9600                                                                                                                             已选择 14 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select ename,sal,sal*12 年薪  2  from emp  3* order by 3 descSQL> /ENAME      SAL       年薪                                                                                                                             -------- ----- ----------                                                                                                                             KING      5000      60000                                                                                                                             FORD      3000      36000                                                                                                                             SCOTT     3000      36000                                                                                                                             JONES     2975      35700                                                                                                                             BLAKE     2850      34200                                                                                                                             CLARK     2450      29400                                                                                                                             ALLEN     1600      19200                                                                                                                             TURNER    1500      18000                                                                                                                             MILLER    1300      15600                                                                                                                             WARD      1250      15000                                                                                                                             MARTIN    1250      15000                                                                                                                             ENAME      SAL       年薪                                                                                                                             -------- ----- ----------                                                                                                                             ADAMS     1100      13200                                                                                                                             JAMES      950      11400                                                                                                                             SMITH      800       9600                                                                                                                             已选择 14 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select ename,sal,sal*12 年薪  2  from emp  3* order by 4 descSQL> /order by 4 desc         *第 3 行出现错误: ORA-01785: ORDER BY 项必须是 SELECT-list 表达式的数目 SQL> host clsSQL> --多个列排序SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  order by deptno,sal;     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* order by deptno,sal descSQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* order by deptno desc,sal descSQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> --order by 作用于后面所有的列,desc只作用于离他最近的一列SQL> host clsSQL> --查询员工信息,按照奖金排序SQL> --null 4. nul值排序SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  order by comm;     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                        EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> set pagesize 20SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> --a命令  appendSQL> a  desc  3* order by comm descSQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3  order by comm desc  4* nulls lastSQL> /     EMPNO ENAME    JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                                   ---------- -------- --------- ---------- -------------- ----- ---------- ----------                                                                         7654 MARTIN   SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81      1250       1400         30                                                                         7521 WARD     SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81      1250        500         30                                                                         7499 ALLEN    SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81      1600        300         30                                                                         7844 TURNER   SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81      1500          0         30                                                                         7788 SCOTT    ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87      3000                    20                                                                         7839 KING     PRESIDENT            17-11月-81      5000                    10                                                                         7876 ADAMS    CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87      1100                    20                                                                         7900 JAMES    CLERK           7698 03-12月-81       950                    30                                                                         7902 FORD     ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81      3000                    20                                                                         7934 MILLER   CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82      1300                    10                                                                         7698 BLAKE    MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81      2850                    30                                                                         7566 JONES    MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81      2975                    20                                                                         7369 SMITH    CLERK           7902 17-12月-80       800                    20                                                                         7782 CLARK    MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81      2450                    10                                                                   已选择 14 行。SQL> --Oracle中,null最大SQL> spool off

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