scapy学习笔记（2）--包及包的定义

来源：互联网发布：网络畅销书排行榜2016 编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/04 20:09

转载请注明：@小五义：http://www.cnblogs/xiaowuyi

一、包

包(Packet)是TCP/IP协议通信传输中的数据单位，一般也称“数据包”。其主要由“目的IP地址”、“源IP地址”、“净载数据”等部分构成，包括包头和包体，包头是固定长度，包体的长度不定，各字段长度固定，双方的请求数据包和应答数据包的包头结构是一致的，不同的是包体的定义。数据包的结构与我们平常写信非常类似，目的IP地址是说明这个数据包是要发给谁的，相当于收信人地址；源IP地址是说明这个数据包是发自哪里的，相当于发信人地址；而净载数据相当于信件的内容。包沿着不同的路径在一个或多个网络中传输，并且在目的地重新组合。

二、常见的几个关键字

ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol（Internet控制报文协议）的缩写。它是TCP/IP协议族的一个子协议，用于在IP主机、路由器之间传递控制消息。控制消息是指网络通不通、主机是否可达、路由是否可用等网络本身的消息。这些控制消息虽然并不传输用户数据，但是对于用户数据的传递起着重要的作用。

DST:目的地址

SRC:源地址

TTL：(Time To Live ) 生存时间,指定数据包被路由器丢弃之前允许通过的网段数量。TTL是IP协议包中的一个值，它告诉网络，数据包在网络中的时间是否太长而应被丢弃。有很多原因使包在一定时间内不能被传递到目的地。解决方法就是在一段时间后丢弃这个包，然后给发送者一个报文，由发送者决定是否要重发。TTL的初值通常是系统缺省值，是包头中的8位的域。TTL的最初设想是确定一个时间范围，超过此时间就把包丢弃。由于每个路由器都至少要把TTL域减一，TTL通常表示包在被丢弃前最多能经过的路由器个数。当记数到0时，路由器决定丢弃该包，并发送一个ICMP报文给最初的发送者。

三、scapy中常用的几个命令

1、ls():作用也是list show，可以显示所有支持的数据包对象。ls()可以不带参数，也可以带参数，参数可是任何一个具体的包。下面列出了一部分结果：

>>> from scapy.all import *WARNING: No route found for IPv6 destination :: (no default route?)>>> ls()ARP        : ARPASN1_Packet : NoneBOOTP      : BOOTPCookedLinux : cooked linuxDHCP       : DHCP optionsDHCP6      : DHCPv6 Generic Message)DHCP6OptAuth : DHCP6 Option - AuthenticationDHCP6OptBCMCSDomains : DHCP6 Option - BCMCS Domain Name ListDHCP6OptBCMCSServers : DHCP6 Option - BCMCS Addresses ListDHCP6OptClientFQDN : DHCP6 Option - Client FQDNDHCP6OptClientId : DHCP6 Client Identifier OptionDHCP6OptDNSDomains : DHCP6 Option - Domain Search List optionDHCP6OptDNSServers : DHCP6 Option - DNS Recursive Name ServerDHCP6OptElapsedTime : DHCP6 Elapsed Time OptionDHCP6OptGeoConf : 

列出TCP的所有对象：

>>> from scapy.all import *WARNING: No route found for IPv6 destination :: (no default route?)>>> ls(TCP)sport      : ShortEnumField       = (20)dport      : ShortEnumField       = (80)seq        : IntField             = (0)ack        : IntField             = (0)dataofs    : BitField             = (None)reserved   : BitField             = (0)flags      : FlagsField           = (2)window     : ShortField           = (8192)chksum     : XShortField          = (None)urgptr     : ShortField           = (0)options    : TCPOptionsField      = ({})

列出任意包的情况如：

>>> a=IP(ttl=5)>>> a.src'127.0.0.1'>>> a<IP  ttl=5 |>>>> a.dst'127.0.0.1'>>> a.dst="192.168.0.1">>> a<IP  ttl=5 dst=192.168.0.1 |>>>> ls(a)version    : BitField             = 4               (4)ihl        : BitField             = None            (None)tos        : XByteField           = 0               (0)len        : ShortField           = None            (None)id         : ShortField           = 1               (1)flags      : FlagsField           = 0               (0)frag       : BitField             = 0               (0)ttl        : ByteField            = 5               (64)proto      : ByteEnumField        = 0               (0)chksum     : XShortField          = None            (None)src        : Emph                 = '27.214.7.85'   (None)dst        : Emph                 = '192.168.0.1'   ('127.0.0.1')options    : PacketListField      = []              ([])>>>

2、lsc()列出所有函数。如：

>>> lsc()arpcachepoison      : Poison target's cache with (your MAC,victim's IP) couplearping              : Send ARP who-has requests to determine which hosts are upbind_layers         : Bind 2 layers on some specific fields' valuescorrupt_bits        : Flip a given percentage or number of bits from a stringcorrupt_bytes       : Corrupt a given percentage or number of bytes from a stringdefrag              : defrag(plist) -> ([not fragmented], [defragmented],defragment          : defrag(plist) -> plist defragmented as much as possible dyndns_add          : Send a DNS add message to a nameserver for "name" to have a new "rdata"dyndns_del          : Send a DNS delete message to a nameserver for "name"etherleak           : Exploit Etherleak flawfragment            : Fragment a big IP datagramfuzz                : Transform a layer into a fuzzy layer by replacing some default values by random objectsgetmacbyip          : Return MAC address corresponding to a given IP addresshexdiff             : Show differences between 2 binary stringshexdump             : --hexedit             : --is_promisc          : Try to guess if target is in Promisc mode. The target is provided by its ip.linehexdump         : --ls                  : List  available layers, or infos on a given layerpromiscping         : Send ARP who-has requests to determine which hosts are in promiscuous moderdpcap              : Read a pcap file and return a packet listsend                : Send packets at layer 3sendp               : Send packets at layer 2sendpfast           : Send packets at layer 2 using tcpreplay for performancesniff               : Sniff packetssplit_layers        : Split 2 layers previously boundsr                  : Send and receive packets at layer 3sr1                 : Send packets at layer 3 and return only the first answersrbt                : send and receive using a bluetooth socketsrbt1               : send and receive 1 packet using a bluetooth socketsrflood             : Flood and receive packets at layer 3srloop              : Send a packet at layer 3 in loop and print the answer each timesrp                 : Send and receive packets at layer 2srp1                : Send and receive packets at layer 2 and return only the first answersrpflood            : Flood and receive packets at layer 2srploop             : Send a packet at layer 2 in loop and print the answer each timetraceroute          : Instant TCP traceroutetshark              : Sniff packets and print them calling pkt.show(), a bit like text wiresharkwireshark           : Run wireshark on a list of packetswrpcap              : Write a list of packets to a pcap file

3、hide_defaults()方法，用来删除一些用户提供的那些和default value相同的项目

>>> a=IP()/TCP()>>> b=IP(str(a))>>> b<IP  version=4L ihl=5L tos=0x0 len=40 id=1 flags= frag=0L ttl=64 proto=tcp chksum=0x7ccd src=127.0.0.1 dst=127.0.0.1 options=[] |<TCP  sport=ftp_data dport=http seq=0 ack=0 dataofs=5L reserved=0L flags=S window=8192 chksum=0x917c urgptr=0 |>>>>> b.hide_defaults()>>> b<IP  ihl=5L len=40 frag=0 proto=tcp chksum=0x7ccd src=127.0.0.1 |<TCP  dataofs=5L chksum=0x917c |>>

4、display():display()方法可以简单查看当前packet的各个参数的取值情况,例子见下。

5、sprintf:输出某一层某个参数的取值，如果不存在就输出？？,具体的format是：%[[mt][r],][layer[:nb].]field%,参数的具体信息请参看《Security Power Tools》146页或者http://wikicode.net。例：

>>> a=IP()/TCP()>>> b=IP(str(a))>>> b<IP  version=4L ihl=5L tos=0x0 len=40 id=1 flags= frag=0L ttl=64 proto=tcp chksum=0x7ccd src=127.0.0.1 dst=127.0.0.1 options=[] |<TCP  sport=ftp_data dport=http seq=0 ack=0 dataofs=5L reserved=0L flags=S window=8192 chksum=0x917c urgptr=0 |>>>>> b.hide_defaults()>>> b<IP  ihl=5L len=40 frag=0 proto=tcp chksum=0x7ccd src=127.0.0.1 |<TCP  dataofs=5L chksum=0x917c |>>>>> a.sprintf("%IP.gabuzomeu%")'??'

四、创建包

scapy的包创建是按照网络接口层，互联网层，传输层，应用层四层参考模型来完成，各个层都有各自的创建函数，比如IP（），TCP（），UDP()等等，不同层之间通过“/”来连接。例如，接前面a的例子：

例1
>>> a=IP(ttl=5)>>> a.src'127.0.0.1'>>> a<IP  ttl=5 |>>>> a.dst'127.0.0.1'>>> a.dst="192.168.0.1">>> a<IP  ttl=5 dst=192.168.0.1 |>>>> packet1=a>>> packet1<IP  ttl=5 dst=192.168.0.1 |>例2
>>> packet2=IP(dst="192.168.0.1")/TCP(dport=80)例3
>>> packet3=IP(dst="www.baidu.com")/ICMP()>>> packet3<IP  frag=0 proto=icmp dst=Net('www.baidu.com') |<ICMP  |>>>>> ls(packet3)version    : BitField             = 4               (4)ihl        : BitField             = None            (None)tos        : XByteField           = 0               (0)len        : ShortField           = None            (None)id         : ShortField           = 1               (1)flags      : FlagsField           = 0               (0)frag       : BitField             = 0               (0)ttl        : ByteField            = 64              (64)proto      : ByteEnumField        = 1               (0)chksum     : XShortField          = None            (None)src        : Emph                 = '27.214.7.85'   (None)dst        : Emph                 = Net('www.baidu.com') ('127.0.0.1')options    : PacketListField      = []              ([])--type       : ByteEnumField        = 8               (8)code       : MultiEnumField       = 0               (0)chksum     : XShortField          = None            (None)id         : ConditionalField     = 0               (0)seq        : ConditionalField     = 0               (0)ts_ori     : ConditionalField     = 4842323         (4842323)ts_rx      : ConditionalField     = 4842323         (4842323)ts_tx      : ConditionalField     = 4842323         (4842323)gw         : ConditionalField     = '0.0.0.0'       ('0.0.0.0')ptr        : ConditionalField     = 0               (0)reserved   : ConditionalField     = 0               (0)addr_mask  : ConditionalField     = '0.0.0.0'       ('0.0.0.0')unused     : ConditionalField     = 0               (0)例4
>>> target="www.baidu.com/30">>> ip=IP(dst=target)>>> ip<IP  dst=Net('www.baidu.com/30') |>>>> ls(ip)version    : BitField             = 4               (4)ihl        : BitField             = None            (None)tos        : XByteField           = 0               (0)len        : ShortField           = None            (None)id         : ShortField           = 1               (1)flags      : FlagsField           = 0               (0)frag       : BitField             = 0               (0)ttl        : ByteField            = 64              (64)proto      : ByteEnumField        = 0               (0)chksum     : XShortField          = None            (None)src        : Emph                 = '27.214.7.85'   (None)dst        : Emph                 = Net('www.baidu.com/30') ('127.0.0.1')options    : PacketListField      = []              ([])

>>> IP().display()###[ IP ]###  version   = 4  ihl       = None  tos       = 0x0  len       = None  id        = 1  flags     =   frag      = 0  ttl       = 64  proto     = ip  chksum    = None  src       = 127.0.0.1  dst       = 127.0.0.1  \options   \>>> TCP().display()###[ TCP ]###  sport     = ftp_data  dport     = http  seq       = 0  ack       = 0  dataofs   = None  reserved  = 0  flags     = S  window    = 8192  chksum    = None  urgptr    = 0  options   = {}

这里的display()方法可以简单查看当前packet的各个参数的取值情况.

五、包的结构

在Scapy中，scapy为各个层都写了类，使用时，只需要将其实例化，调用类的方法或者改变类的参数取值。如IP（）没有传给它参数，那么它的参数就是默认的，如果传了就覆盖了默认值：

>>> a=IP()>>> a.display()###[ IP ]###  version   = 4  ihl       = None  tos       = 0x0  len       = None  id        = 1  flags     =   frag      = 0  ttl       = 64  proto     = ip  chksum    = None  src       = 127.0.0.1  dst       = 127.0.0.1  \options   \>>> a=IP(dst="192.168.0.1")>>> a.display()###[ IP ]###  version   = 4  ihl       = None  tos       = 0x0  len       = None  id        = 1  flags     =   frag      = 0  ttl       = 64  proto     = ip  chksum    = None  src       = 27.214.7.**                  //（本机IP）  dst       = 192.168.0.1  \options   \

注意比较这两次display()的不同，第一次是默认值，第二次传入了“192.168.0.1”。

"/"用来连接各层，如IP（）/TCP（）。如：

>>> IP()<IP  |>>>> IP()/TCP()<IP  frag=0 proto=tcp |<TCP  |>>>>> Ether()/IP()/TCP()<Ether  type=0x800 |<IP  frag=0 proto=tcp |<TCP  |>>>>>> IP()/TCP()/"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n"<IP  frag=0 proto=tcp |<TCP  |<Raw  load='GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n' |>>>>>> Ether()/IP()/IP()/UDP()<Ether  type=0x800 |<IP  frag=0 proto=ipencap |<IP  frag=0 proto=udp |<UDP  |>>>>>>> IP(proto=55,ttl=10)/TCP()<IP  frag=0 ttl=10 proto=55 |<TCP  |>>具体的参数传递过程，在scapy文档中提供了图表，如下：

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