vagrant box配置本地开发环境以及常见错误解决方案

这里有一个参考链接（http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/642c9d34e15cdd644b46f74b.html），当然也可以按照下面的步骤来操作：

一：准备各种材料了

（1）VirtualBox (https://www.virtualbox.org/)
（2）vagrant (https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html)
（3）vagrant box （http://www.vagrantbox.es/这是一个VirtualBox提供的box，当然你可以使用开发小组配置好打包的box）

二：开始安装

（1）安装VirtualBox (可以更换安装目录，然后直接下一步下一步就可以啦)
（2）安装vagrant （这个最好就默认安装吧，因为涉及到目录的指向）
（3）安装完vagrant，然后可以在你的工作盘里面创建一个文件夹来安装虚拟机了，比如我是这样：E:\centos6。然后在终端里进入这个目录： 

第一：执行安装命令：

（这里的add centos6——centos6就是为虚拟机box起的别名，便于以后操作。E:/vagrantbox/centos6.box就是上面准备材料中第三步准备的vagrant box）

第二：初始化开发环境

这样基础的安装就成了，下面就是修改配置文件Vagrantfile了。文件修改如下：

# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what# you're doing.Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for  # boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.  config.vm.box = "centos6" //box的别名  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.  # config.vm.box_check_update = false  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 80 //端口配置，这样才能访问虚拟机的nginx  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine  # using a specific IP.   config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10" //ip配置，配置后可以访问虚拟机（例如ssh等）  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on  # your network.  # config.vm.network "public_network"  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third  # argument is a set of non-required options.   config.vm.synced_folder "D:/workplace/code", "/home/www/" //前面的路径（D:/workplace/code）是本机代码的地址，后面的地址就是虚拟机的nginx部署的目录  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.  # Example for VirtualBox:  #  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine  #   vb.gui = true  #  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:  #   vb.memory = "1024"  # end  #  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more  # information on available options.  # Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies  # such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at  # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.  # config.push.define "atlas" do |push|  #   push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"  # end  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL  #   apt-get update  #   apt-get install -y apache2  # SHELLend

第三：启动虚拟机
还是在当前目录下，输入vagrant up命令，启动虚拟机

第四：ssh链接虚拟机

进入nginx的配置文件目录：

下面就是根据自己的需要去添加自己的配置文件了，当然记得去配置一下自己虚拟机的hosts文件（如果域名访问不到的话）

整体就是这样，下面是一些vagrant常用的命令：
（1）vagrant init # 初始化
（2）vagrant up # 启动虚拟机
（3）vagrant halt # 关闭虚拟机
（4）vagrant reload # 重启虚拟机
（5）vagrant ssh # SSH 至虚拟机
（6）vagrant status # 查看虚拟机运行状态
（7）vagrant destroy # 销毁当前虚拟机

三：一些常见的错误

（1）vagrant up时报如下错误：

angel:vagrant $ vagrant upBringing machine ‘default‘ up with ‘virtualbox‘ provider...[default] Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...[default] Creating shared folders metadata...[default] Clearing any previously set network interfaces...[default] Available bridged network interfaces:1) en0: 以太网2) en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)3) bridge100What interface should the network bridge to? 2[default] Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...[default] Forwarding ports...[default] -- 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)[default] Booting VM...[default] Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...[default] Machine booted and ready![default] Configuring and enabling network interfaces...The following SSH command responded with a non-zero exit status.Vagrant assumes that this means the command failed!ARPCHECK=no /sbin/ifup eth1 2> /dev/nullStdout from the command:Device eth1 does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.Stderr from the command:

解决方案 虽然vagrant up启动报错，但是vagrant ssh还是能登陆虚拟机的，进入虚拟机后，执行如下命令

sudo rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

对， 问题就处在在持久网络设备udev规则（persistent network device udev rules）是被原VM设置好的，再用box生成新VM时，这些rules需要被更新。而这和Vagrantfile里对新VM设置private network的指令发生冲突。删除就好了。

再次启动就没问题了(vagrant reload)。

(2)使用vagrant box add centos6 E:\vagrantboxfile\centos.box命令出现如下错误时：

Couldn't open the file \vagrantboxfile\centos.box

解决方案：
将centos.box文件放到你要初始化的目录下，直接用下面的命令， vagrant box add centos6 centos.box，不要再写绝对路径了，这样就可以安装成功了。