如何在C#中读写INI文件

来源:互联网 发布:李铁军 李婧磁 知乎 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/17 17:17
INI文件就是扩展名为“ini”的文件。在Windows系统中,INI文件是很多,最重要的就是“System.ini”、“System32.ini”和“Win.ini”。该文件主要存放用户所做的选择以及系统的各种参数。用户可以通过修改INI文件,来改变应用程序和系统的很多配置。但自从Windows 95的退出,在Windows系统中引入了注册表的概念,INI文件在Windows系统的地位就开始不断下滑,这是因为注册表的独特优点,使应用程序和系统都把许多参数和初始化信息放进了注册表中。但在某些场合,INI文件还拥有其不可替代的地位。本文就来探讨一下C#是如何对INI进行读写操作。
INI文件的结构
INI文件是一种按照特点方式排列的文本文件。每一个INI文件构成都非常类似,由若干段落(section)组成,在每个带括号的标题下面,是若干个以单个单词开头的关键词(keyword)和一个等号,等号右边的就是关键字对应的值(value)。其一般形式如下:
[Section1]  KeyWord1 = Valuel  KeyWord2 = Value2   ……  [Section2]  KeyWord3 = Value3  KeyWord4 = Value4
本文中介绍的程序设计及运行环境: ● 微软视窗2000 高级服务器版 ● .Net Framework SDK正式版
C#和Win32 API函数
C#并不像C++,拥有属于自己的类库。C#使用的类库是.Net框架为所有.Net程序开发提供的一个共有的类库――.Net FrameWork SDK。虽然.Net FrameWork SDK内容十分庞大,功能也非常强大,但还不能面面俱到,至少它并没有提供直接操作INI文件所需要的相关的类。在本文中,C#操作INI文件使用的是Windows系统自带Win32的API函数――WritePrivateProfileString()和GetPrivateProfileString()函数。这二个函数都位于“kernel32.dll”文件中。 我们知道在C#中使用的类库都是托管代码(Managed Code)文件,而Win32的API函数所处的文件,都是非托管代码(Unmanaged Code)文件。这就导致了在C#中不可能直接使用这些非托管代码文件中的函数。好在.Net框架为了保持对下的兼容,也为了充分利用以前的资源,提出了互操作,通过互操作可以实现对Win32的API函数的调用。互操作不仅适用于Win32的API函数,还可以用来访问托管的COM对象。C#中对Win32的API函数的互操作是通过命名空间“System.Runtime.InteropServices”中的“DllImport”特征类来实现的。它的主要作用是指示此属性化方法是作为非托管DLL的输出实现的。下面代码就是在C#利用命名空间“System.Runtime.InteropServices”中的“DllImport”特征类申明上面二个Win32的API函数:C#申明INI文件的写操作函数WritePrivateProfileString():
[ DllImport ( "kernel32" ) ]private static extern long WritePrivateProfileString ( string section ,string key , string val , string filePath ) ;
参数说明:section:INI文件中的段落;key:INI文件中的关键字;val:INI文件中关键字的数值;filePath:INI文件的完整的路径和名称。 C#申明INI文件的读操作函数GetPrivateProfileString():
[ DllImport ( "kernel32" ) ]private static extern int GetPrivateProfileString ( string section ,string key , string def , StringBuilder retVal ,int size , string filePath ) ;
参数说明:section:INI文件中的段落名称;key:INI文件中的关键字;def:无法读取时候时候的缺省数值;retVal:读取数值;size:数值的大小;filePath:INI文件的完整路径和名称。
C#中读写INI文件的关键步骤和解决方法
C#对INI文件进行写操作: 对INI文件进行写操作,是通过组件button2的"Click"事件来实现的。这里有一点应该注意,当在调用WritePrivateProfileString()对INI文件进行写操作的时候,如果此时在INI文件中存在和要写入的信息相同的段落名称和关键字,则将覆盖此INI信息。下面是button2组件的"Click"事件对应的代码清单:
private void button2_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) {string FileName = textBox1.Text ;string section = textBox2.Text ;string key = textBox3.Text ;string keyValue = textBox4.Text ;WritePrivateProfileString ( section , key , keyValue , FileName ) ;MessageBox.Show  ( "成功写入INI文件!" , "信息" ) ;}
C#对INI文件进行读操作: 正确读取INI的必须满足三个前提:INI文件的全路径、段落名称和关键字名称。否则就无法正确读取。你可以设定读取不成功后的缺省数值,在下面的程序中,为了直观设定的是“无法读取对应数值!”字符串,读取INI文件是通过button3组件的“Click”事件来实现的,下面是其对应的代码清单:
private void button3_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) {StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder ( 255 ) ;string FileName = textBox1.Text ;string section = textBox2.Text ;string key = textBox3.Text ;int i = GetPrivateProfileString ( section , key ,"无法读取对应数值!",temp , 255 , FileName ) ;//显示读取的数值textBox4.Text = temp.ToString  ( ) ;}
C#操作INI文件的完整源代码(ini.cs)和运行界面
通过上面的这些介绍,我们不难得到用C#操作INI文件的完整代码清单(ini.cs),具体如下:
using System ;using System.Drawing ;using System.Collections ;using System.ComponentModel ;using System.Windows.Forms ;using System.Data ;using System.Runtime.InteropServices ;using System.Text ;namespace C_操作INI文件__写操作{public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form{private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1 ;private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1 ;private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2 ;private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox2 ;private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox3 ;private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox4 ;private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1 ;private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2 ;private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3 ;private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3 ;private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1 ;private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ;public Form1 ( ) {InitializeComponent ( ) ;}protected override void Dispose (  bool disposing  ) {if (  disposing  ) {if  ( components != null )  {components.Dispose ( ) ;}}base.Dispose (  disposing  ) ;}[ DllImport ( "kernel32" ) ]private static extern long WritePrivateProfileString ( string section ,string key , string val , string filePath ) ;[ DllImport ( "kernel32" ) ]private static extern int GetPrivateProfileString ( string section ,string key , string def , StringBuilder retVal ,int size , string filePath ) ;private void InitializeComponent ( ) {this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button ( ) ;this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox ( ) ;this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button ( ) ;this.textBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox ( ) ;this.textBox3 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox ( ) ;this.textBox4 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox ( ) ;this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label ( ) ;this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label ( ) ;this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label ( ) ;this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button ( ) ;this.openFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog ( ) ;this.SuspendLayout ( ) ;this.button1.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat ;this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 238 , 20 ) ;this.button1.Name = "button1" ;this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 100 , 32 ) ;this.button1.TabIndex = 0 ;this.button1.Text = "选择INI文件" ;this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler ( this.button1_Click ) ;this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 58 , 22 ) ;this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1" ;this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 162 , 21 ) ;this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1 ;this.textBox1.Text = "" ;this.button2.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat ;this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 86 , 168 ) ;this.button2.Name = "button2" ;this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 98 , 30 ) ;this.button2.TabIndex = 3 ;this.button2.Text = "写入INI文件" ;this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler ( this.button2_Click ) ;this.textBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 160 , 62 ) ;this.textBox2.Name = "textBox2" ;this.textBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 176 , 21 ) ;this.textBox2.TabIndex = 5 ;this.textBox2.Text = "" ;this.textBox3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 160 , 94 ) ;this.textBox3.Name = "textBox3" ;this.textBox3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 176 , 21 ) ;this.textBox3.TabIndex = 6 ;this.textBox3.Text = "" ;this.textBox4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 160 , 128 ) ;this.textBox4.Name = "textBox4" ;this.textBox4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 176 , 21 ) ;this.textBox4.TabIndex = 7 ;this.textBox4.Text = "" ;this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 56 , 62 ) ;this.label1.Name = "label1" ;this.label1.TabIndex = 8 ;this.label1.Text = "段落名称:" ;this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 66 , 96 ) ;this.label2.Name = "label2" ;this.label2.TabIndex = 9 ;this.label2.Text = "关键字:" ;this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 42 , 130 ) ;this.label3.Name = "label3" ;this.label3.TabIndex = 10 ;this.label3.Text = "关键字数值:" ;this.button3.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat ;this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 208 , 168 ) ;this.button3.Name = "button3" ;this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 98 , 30 ) ;this.button3.TabIndex = 11 ;this.button3.Text = "读取INI数值" ;this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler ( this.button3_Click ) ;this.openFileDialog1.Filter = "INI 文件|*.ini" ;this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size ( 6 , 14 ) ;this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size ( 366 , 217 ) ;this.Controls.AddRange ( new System.Windows.Forms.Control [ ] {  this.button3 ,  this.textBox4 ,  this.textBox3 ,  this.textBox2 ,  this.button2 ,  this.textBox1 ,  this.button1 ,  this.label3 ,  this.label2 ,  this.label1 } ) ;this.MaximizeBox = false ;this.Name = "Form1" ;this.Text = "C#操作INI文件--写操作" ;this.ResumeLayout ( false ) ;}[STAThread]static void Main ( )  {Application.Run ( new Form1 ( )  ) ;}private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) {openFileDialog1.ShowDialog ( ) ;textBox1.Text = openFileDialog1.FileName ;}//写入INI文件private void button2_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) {string FileName = textBox1.Text ;string section = textBox2.Text ;string key = textBox3.Text ;string keyValue = textBox4.Text ;WritePrivateProfileString ( section , key , keyValue , FileName ) ;MessageBox.Show  ( "成功写入INI文件!" , "信息" ) ;}//读取指定INI文件的特定段落中的关键字的数值private void button3_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) {StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder ( 255 ) ;string FileName = textBox1.Text ;string section = textBox2.Text ;string key = textBox3.Text ;int i = GetPrivateProfileString ( section , key ,"无法读取对应数值!" , emp , 255 , FileName ) ;//显示读取的数值textBox4.Text = temp.ToString  ( ) ;}}}
下图是ini.cs编译后的运行界面:
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