SystemServer进程启动流程

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上面一文中我们讲过Android系统中比较重要的几个进程:init进程,Zygote进程,SystemServer进程已经各种应用进程,其中Zygote进程是整个android系统的根进程,包含SystemServer进程已经各种应用进程在内的进程都是通过Zygote进程fork出来的,具体可参见: android源码解析之(八)–>Zygote进程启动流程

整个系统的android framework进程启动流程如下:

init进程 –> Zygote进程 –> SystemServer进程 –>各种应用进程
那么SystemServer进程是做什么用的呢?

其实SystemServer进程主要的作用是启动各种系统服务,比如ActivityManagerService,PackageManagerService,WindowManagerService等服务,我们平时熟知的各种系统性的服务其实都是在SystemServer进程中启动的,而当我们的应用需要使用各种系统服务的时候其实也是通过与SystemServer进程通讯获取各种服务对象的句柄的进而执行相应的操作的。

由上一篇文章我们知道SystemServer进程其实也是由Zygote进程fork出来的,并且执行其main方法,那么这里我们以android23的源码为例,看一下SystemServer的main方法的执行逻辑:

public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}

这里比较简单,只是new出一个SystemServer对象并执行其run方法,查看SystemServer类的定义我们知道其实final类型的,所以我们不能重写或者继承SystemServer。

然后我们查看SystemServer.run方法的实现:

private void run() {

if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
Slog.w(TAG, “System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.”);
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
}

    ...    if (!SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.language").isEmpty()) {        final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag();        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag);        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", "");        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", "");        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", "");    }    // Here we go!    Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");    EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_SYSTEM_RUN, SystemClock.uptimeMillis());    ...    SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2", VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmLibrary());    // Enable the sampling profiler.    if (SamplingProfilerIntegration.isEnabled()) {        SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();        mProfilerSnapshotTimer = new Timer();        mProfilerSnapshotTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {            @Override            public void run() {                SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeSnapshot("system_server", null);            }        }, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL);    }    // Mmmmmm... more memory!    VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();    // The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be    // as efficient as possible with its memory usage.    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);    // Some devices rely on runtime fingerprint generation, so make sure    // we've defined it before booting further.    Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();    // Within the system server, it is an error to access Environment paths without    // explicitly specifying a user.    Environment.setUserRequired(true);    // Ensure binder calls into the system always run at foreground priority.    BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);    // Prepare the main looper thread (this thread).    android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(            android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);    android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);    Looper.prepareMainLooper();    // Initialize native services.    System.loadLibrary("android_servers");    // Check whether we failed to shut down last time we tried.    // This call may not return.    performPendingShutdown();    // Initialize the system context.    createSystemContext();    // Create the system service manager.    mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);    LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);    // Start services.    try {        startBootstrapServices();        startCoreServices();        startOtherServices();    } catch (Throwable ex) {        Slog.e("System", "******************************************");        Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);        throw ex;    }    // For debug builds, log event loop stalls to dropbox for analysis.    if (StrictMode.conditionallyEnableDebugLogging()) {        Slog.i(TAG, "Enabled StrictMode for system server main thread.");    }    // Loop forever.    Looper.loop();    throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");}

好吧,代码比较多,慢慢看,先看一下第一段逻辑:

if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
Slog.w(TAG, “System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.”);
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
}

首先判断系统当前时间,若当前时间小于1970年1月1日,则一些初始化操作可能会处所,所以当系统的当前时间小于1970年1月1日的时候,设置系统当前时间为该时间点。

然后下面的代码:

if (!SystemProperties.get(“persist.sys.language”).isEmpty()) {
final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag();

        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag);        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", "");        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", "");        SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", "");    }

主要是设置系统的语言环境等;
下面的主要是设置虚拟机运行内存,加载运行库,设置SystemServer的异步消息,具体的异步消息机制可参见: android源码解析之(二)–>异步消息机制

然后下面的代码首先调用createSystemContext()方法:

private void createSystemContext() {
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
mSystemContext.setTheme(android.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault_Light_DarkActionBar);
}

可以看到在SystemServer进程中也存在着Context对象,并且是通过ActivityThread.systemMain方法创建context的,这一部分的逻辑以后会通过介绍Activity的启动流程来介绍,这里就不在扩展,这里我们只知道在SystemServer进程中也需要创建Context对象。

然后通过SystemServiceManager的构造方法创建了一个新的SystemServiceManager对象,我们知道SystemServer进程主要是用来构建系统各种service服务的,而SystemServiceManager就是这些服务的管理对象。

然后调用:

LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
1
1
是将SystemServiceManager对象保存SystemServer进程中的一个数据结构中。

最后开始执行:

// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e(“System”, “********************************”);
Slog.e(“System”, “** Failure starting system services”, ex);
throw ex;
}

里面主要涉及了是三个方法:
startBootstrapServices() 主要用于启动系统Boot级服务
startCoreServices() 主要用于启动系统核心的服务
startOtherServices() 主要用于启动一些非紧要或者是非需要及时启动的服务

下面我们重点介绍这三个启动服务的方法,包括启动那些系统服务已经如何启动系统服务等。

首先看一下startBootstrapServices方法:

private void startBootstrapServices() {
Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);

    // Activity manager runs the show.    mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(            ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();    mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);    mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);    mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);    // Now that the power manager has been started, let the activity manager    // initialize power management features.    mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();    // Manages LEDs and display backlight so we need it to bring up the display.    mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);    // Display manager is needed to provide display metrics before package manager    // starts up.    mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);    // We need the default display before we can initialize the package manager.    mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);    // Only run "core" apps if we're encrypting the device.    String cryptState = SystemProperties.get("vold.decrypt");    if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {        Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps");        mOnlyCore = true;    } else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {        Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps");        mOnlyCore = true;    }    // Start the package manager.    Slog.i(TAG, "Package Manager");    mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,            mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);    mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();    mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();    Slog.i(TAG, "User Service");    ServiceManager.addService(Context.USER_SERVICE, UserManagerService.getInstance());    // Initialize attribute cache used to cache resources from packages.    AttributeCache.init(mSystemContext);    // Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started.    mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();    // The sensor service needs access to package manager service, app ops    // service, and permissions service, therefore we start it after them.    startSensorService();}

首先执行:

Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);
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1
mSystemServiceManager是系统服务管理对象,在main方法中已经创建完成,这里我们看一下其startService方法的具体实现:

public T startService(Class serviceClass) {
final String name = serviceClass.getName();
Slog.i(TAG, “Starting ” + name);

    // Create the service.    if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) {        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create " + name                + ": service must extend " + SystemService.class.getName());    }    final T service;    try {        Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);        service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);    } catch (InstantiationException ex) {        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name                + ": service could not be instantiated", ex);    } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name                + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);    } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name                + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);    } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name                + ": service constructor threw an exception", ex);    }    // Register it.    mServices.add(service);    // Start it.    try {        service.onStart();    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + name                + ": onStart threw an exception", ex);    }    return service;}

可以看到我们通过反射器构造方法创建出服务类,然后添加到SystemServiceManager的服务列表数据中,最后调用了service.onStart()方法,因为我们传递的是Installer.class,我们这里我们查看一下Installer的onStart方法:

@Override
public void onStart() {
Slog.i(TAG, “Waiting for installd to be ready.”);
mInstaller.waitForConnection();
}

很简单就是执行了mInstaller的waitForConnection方法,这里简单介绍一下Installer类,该类是系统安装apk时的一个服务类,继承SystemService(系统服务的一个抽象接口),我们需要在启动完成Installer服务之后才能启动其他的系统服务。
然后查看waitForConnection()方法:

public void waitForConnection() {
for (;;) {
if (execute(“ping”) >= 0) {
return;
}
Slog.w(TAG, “installd not ready”);
SystemClock.sleep(1000);
}
}

通过追踪代码可以发现,其在不断的通过ping命令连接Zygote进程(SystemServer和Zygote进程通过socket方式通讯,其他进程通过Binder方式通讯);

总结:
在开始执行启动服务之前总是会先尝试通过socket方式连接Zygote进程,在成功连接之后才会开始启动其他服务。

继续来看startBootstrapServices方法:

// Activity manager runs the show.
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);

这段代码主要是用于启动ActivityManagerService服务,并为其设置SysServiceManager和Installer。ActivityManagerService是系统中一个非常重要的服务,Activity,service,Broadcast,contentProvider都需要通过其余系统交互。

首先看一下Lifecycle类的定义:

public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService {
private final ActivityManagerService mService;

    public Lifecycle(Context context) {        super(context);        mService = new ActivityManagerService(context);    }    @Override    public void onStart() {        mService.start();    }    public ActivityManagerService getService() {        return mService;    }}

可以看到其实ActivityManagerService的一个静态内部类,在其构造方法中会创建一个ActivityManagerService,通过刚刚对Installer服务的分析我们知道,SystemServiceManager的startService方法会调用服务的onStart()方法,而在Lifecycle类的定义中我们看到其onStart()方法直接调用了mService.start()方法,mService是Lifecycle类中对ActivityManagerService的引用,所以我们可以看一下ActivityManagerService的start方法的实现:

private void start() {
Process.removeAllProcessGroups();
mProcessCpuThread.start();

    mBatteryStatsService.publish(mContext);    mAppOpsService.publish(mContext);    Slog.d("AppOps", "AppOpsService published");    LocalServices.addService(ActivityManagerInternal.class, new LocalService());}

由于ActivityManagerService的创建过程比较复杂这里不做过多的分析了,主要是在其构造方法中初始化了一些变量。

然后是启动PowerManagerService服务:

mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);

启动方式跟上面的ActivityManagerService服务相似都会调用其构造方法和onStart方法,PowerManagerService主要用于计算系统中和Power相关的计算,然后决策系统应该如何反应。同时协调Power如何与系统其它模块的交互,比如没有用户活动时,屏幕变暗等等。

然后是启动LightsService服务

mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);

主要是手机中关于闪光灯,LED等相关的服务;也是会调用LightsService的构造方法和onStart方法;

然后是启动DisplayManagerService服务

mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);

主要是手机显示方面的服务;

然后是启动PackageManagerService,该服务也是android系统中一个比较重要的服务,包括多apk文件的安装,解析,删除,卸载等等操作。

Slog.i(TAG, “Package Manager”);
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();

可以看到PackageManagerService服务的启动方式与其他服务的启动方式有一些区别,直接调用了PackageManagerService的静态main方法,这里我们看一下其main方法的具体实现:

public static PackageManagerService main(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, installer,
factoryTest, onlyCore);
ServiceManager.addService(“package”, m);
return m;
}

可以看到也是直接使用new的方式创建了一个PackageManagerService对象,并在其构造方法中初始化相关变量,最后调用了ServiceManager.addService方法,主要是通过Binder机制与JNI层交互,这里不再扩展。

然后启动UserManagerService和SensorService,至此startBootstrapServices方法执行完成。

然后查看startCoreServices方法:

private void startCoreServices() {
// Tracks the battery level. Requires LightService.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);

    // Tracks application usage stats.    mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class);    mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager(            LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class));    // Update after UsageStatsService is available, needed before performBootDexOpt.    mPackageManagerService.getUsageStatsIfNoPackageUsageInfo();    // Tracks whether the updatable WebView is in a ready state and watches for update installs.    mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);}

可以看到这里启动了BatteryService(电池相关服务),UsageStatsService,WebViewUpdateService服务等。

最后看一下startOtherServices方法,主要用于启动系统中其他的服务,代码很多,这里就不贴代码了,启动的流程和ActivityManagerService的流程类似,会调用服务的构造方法与onStart方法初始化变量。

总结:

SystemServer进程是android中一个很重要的进程由Zygote进程启动;

SystemServer进程主要用于启动系统中的服务;

SystemServer进程启动服务的启动函数为main函数;

SystemServer在执行过程中首先会初始化一些系统变量,加载类库,创建Context对象,创建SystemServiceManager对象等之后才开始启动系统服务;

SystemServer进程将系统服务分为三类:boot服务,core服务和other服务,并逐步启动

SertemServer进程在尝试启动服务之前会首先尝试与Zygote建立socket通讯,只有通讯成功之后才会开始尝试启动服务;

创建的系统服务过程中主要通过SystemServiceManager对象来管理,通过调用服务对象的构造方法和onStart方法初始化服务的相关变量;

服务对象都有自己的异步消息对象,并运行在单独的线程中;

http://blog.csdn.net/qq_23547831/article/details/51105171

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